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Results for “INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE”

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PubMed1994

[Low molecular weight heparin inhibits raised intraocular pressure following intracameral administration of sodium hyaluronate].

The effect of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin on increase of intraocular pressure following intracameral administration of sodium hyaluronate (HA) was investigated in rabbit eyes. In each case, the aqueous humor of one eye was replaced with HA and a balanced salt solution (BSS) containing 10.0 IU/ml of LMW heparin, and as a control the aqueous humor of the fellow eye was replaced with HA and BSS containing no LMW heparin. Intraocular pressure was measured for 24 hours following the replacement. As a result, significant increase of intraocular pressure was observed at 6 hours after the injection in the eyes administered HA and BSS. In comparison, no significant increase of intraocular pressure was observed in the eyes injected with HA and LMW heparin. When the concentration of LMW heparin was less than 2 IU/nl or the LMW heparin was heat-deactivated, the HA-induced increase of intraocular pressure was not inhibited. The results indicated that LMW heparin inhibits increase of intraocular pressure following intracameral administration of HA possibly by an inhibitory effect on intraocular fibrin exudation, and the increase of intraocular pressure is probably associated with interaction between fibrin and HA.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Exercise training reduces intraocular pressure among subjects suspected of having glaucoma.

The effect of exercise conditioning on elevated intraocular pressure has not been previously described among sedentary individuals. We prospectively observed intraocular pressure for nine sedentary subjects suspected of having glaucoma before and after 3 months of aerobic exercise training. Mean (+/- SEM) aerobic capacity, as assessed by maximal oxygen uptake, increased 6.3 +/- 1.6 mL.kg-1.min-1 (30%) (P less than .02). Mean intraocular pressure decreased 4.6 +/- 0.4 mmHg (20%) (P less than .001) at the end of the conditioning period. With cessation of exercise and subsequent detraining, intraocular pressure returned to elevated preconditioning levels by 3 weeks. Regular aerobic exercise is associated with a reduction in elevated intraocular pressure and may represent an effective nonpharmacologic intervention for patients suspected of having glaucoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Adenovirus type 10 keratoconjunctivitis with increased intraocular pressure.

An 18-year-old man, with serologically diagnosed adenovirus type 10 infection, had keratoconjunctivouveitis of both eyes after pharyngitis with transient increased intraocular pressure. Increased intraocular pressure, ranging from 46 to 28 mm Hg during medical therapy, lasted for about ten days in the early stage of the disease. Many punctate corneal opacities developed bilaterally two weeks later and disappeared within ten months. Analysis of the clinical findings demonstrated that the increased intraocular pressure may have been secondary glaucoma due to keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus infection.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed2005

Intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.

PURPOSE: To report on intraocular pressure (IOP) after intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of previously reported data and case series studies. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 272 patients (305 eyes) receiving an intravitreal injection of approximately 20 mg triamcinolone acetonide as treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema (n = 84 patients), exudative age-related macular degeneration (n = 181 patients), retinal vein occlusions (n = 20 patients), uveitis (n = 9), pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (n = 6), and other reasons (n = 5). Mean follow-up was 10.4+/-6.7 months (median, 7.9 months; range, 3.0-35.7 months). INTERVENTION: Intravitreal injection of approximately 20 mg triamcinolone acetonide. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Intraocular pressure. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure readings higher than 21 mmHg, 30 mmHg, 35 mmHg, and 40 mmHg, respectively, were measured in 112 (41.2%) patients, 31 (11.4%) patients, 15 (5.5%) patients, and 5 (1.8%) patients, respectively. Triamcinolone-induced IOP elevation was treated by antiglaucoma medication in all but 3 (1.0%) eyes, for which filtering surgery was performed. Mean IOP started to rise 1 week after injection and returned to baseline values approximately 8 to 9 months after injection. Younger age (P = 0.029) was significantly associated with triamcinolone-induced ocular hypertension. Triamcinolone responders and triamcinolone nonresponders did not vary significantly in gender (P = 0.42), refractive error (P = 0.86), diabetes mellitus status (P = 0.74), and reason for treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may be useful for comparing risks and benefits of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

A limited comparison of apraclonidine's dose response in subjects with normal or increased intraocular pressure.

We performed a multicentered, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study comparing the efficacy of 0.5% and 1.0% apraclonidine hydrochloride in 15 normal volunteers and 17 subjects with increased intraocular pressure. Apraclonidine 1% produced a maximum 30.4% +/- 14.0% (4.7 +/- 2.4 mm Hg) decrease in mean intraocular pressure in normal eyes and a 31.3% +/- 16.5% (7.6 +/- 4.2 mm Hg) decrease in eyes with increased pressure. Apraclonidine 0.5% produced a maximum 25.8% +/- 9.7% (4.0 +/- 1.7 mm Hg) decrease in mean intraocular pressure in normal eyes and a 27.4% +/- 16.0% (6.8 +/- 4.5 mm Hg) decrease in eyes with increased pressure. There was no statistically significant difference in mean percent intraocular pressure lowering effect between the 0.5% and 1.0% apraclonidine concentrations. Most subjects treated with apraclonidine had a greater than or equal to 20% reduction in intraocular pressure from baseline. Twelve hours after instillation of apraclonidine, nine of the normal volunteers had an intraocular pressure of 10 mm Hg or less. Apraclonidine produced the same percent intraocular pressure decrease regardless of the initial level of intraocular pressure.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Intraocular pressure and tear production in five herbivorous wildlife species.

The intraocular pressure and rate of tear production were measured in 18 addax antelopes (Addax nasomaculatus), four impalas (Aepyceros melampus), 11 wide-lipped rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum), 10 white-tailed wildebeests (Connochaetes gnou) and seven scimitar-horned oryxes (Oryx dammah). The animals were anaesthetised with an intramuscular injection of etorphine hydrochloride and acepromazine maleate, and the Schirmer tear test I was used to evaluate tear production, and applanation tonometry was used to evaluate the intraocular pressure. The mean (sd) rate of tear production ranged from 17.6 (3.1) mm/minute in the rhinoceros to 28.8 (8.3) mm/minute in the addax. The intraocular pressure ranged from 8.0 (1.2) mmHg in the impala to 32.1 (10.4) mmHg in the rhinoceros. The rate of tear production in the addax and the intraocular pressure in the rhinoceros appear to be the highest values of these variables to have been reported in any species.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Intraocular pressure and iris denervation in Hansen's disease.

We retrospectively analyzed 255 Hansen's disease patients and found low intraocular pressure (less than 7 mm Hg) in 12% of them. We showed a correlation between low intraocular pressure and avascular keratitis and iritis. We also found that patients with low intraocular pressures had abnormally large postural changes in intraocular pressure. We speculate that abnormalities in the autonomic innervation of the anterior segment of the eye may be related to the intraocular pressure abnormalities. Further investigations along this line may increase our understanding not only of the pathophysiology of Hansen's disease but also of the mechanisms regulating homeostasis of intraocular pressure.

Autonomic Nervous System↗

PubMed2000

No clinically important effects on intraocular pressure after short-term administration of sildenafil citrate (Viagra).

PURPOSE: To assess the short-term effects of sildenafil citrate on intraocular pressure in healthy male volunteers and participants in clinical trials. METHODS: Intraocular pressure and pupil diameter were measured in two placebo-controlled studies. Oral doses of sildenafil citrate (VIAGRA; Pfizer Inc, New York, New York) ranged from 10 mg to 150 mg. RESULTS: No major changes in intraocular pressure or pupillometry were detected at any time (1.0-24 hours) after administration of sildenafil. Additionally, of 36 subjects with a medical history of increased intraocular pressure in the sildenafil safety database, none were reported to have a clinically significant increase of their intraocular pressure. During clinical trials, two glaucoma cases were listed as serious adverse events, but were not considered treatment related. CONCLUSION: No clinical abnormalities were observed in intraocular pressure or pupil diameter in subjects receiving sildenafil. Currently, no evidence suggests that long-term treatment with sildenafil has an effect on intraocular pressure or is associated with the development or worsening of glaucoma.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗

PubMed1989

[Relation of negative pressure difference and artificially elevated intraocular pressure using the suction cup method].

This paper presents regressions and the range of scatter of measured values for current standard ophthalmologic suction cups for the first time. The scatter range is similar to that of blood pressure measurements made by the Riva-Rocci method. Using the regressions presented here it is possible to deduce the increase in pressure from the negative pressure difference in the suction cup; this can be done with sufficient accuracy and the amount of time required is acceptable.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Selective laser trabeculoplasty for intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.

PURPOSE: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide has increasingly become a therapeutic option for neovascular, inflammatory, and edematous intraocular diseases. A common side effect of this treatment is a steroid-induced elevation of intraocular pressure. In most of these patients, the rise in intraocular pressure can be treated topically. Those cases that cannot be treated medically have been treated with filtering surgery. This report presents a case of intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection that was successfully treated with selective laser trabeculoplasty. CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old white man presented with brow ache on the right side approximately 3 months after undergoing intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema in the right eye. Applanation tonometry revealed an intraocular pressure of 45 mm Hg in the involved eye. After initial treatment with topical medications, the patient underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty. Now, 6 months postlaser treatment, the intraocular pressure in the involved eye is stable at 15 mm Hg without topical medications. CONCLUSIONS: A steroid-induced elevation of intraocular pressure is a common and widely reported side effect of treatment with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. This case report suggests that selective laser trabeculoplasty has potential as first- or second-line therapy for intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗

PubMed1983

Prevalence of increased intraocular pressure in Graves' disease--evidence of frequent subclinical ophthalmopathy.

Graves' exophthalmos is frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure on upgaze. Eighty patients with Graves' disease were evaluated prospectively by applanation tonometry to assess the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in this disorder. Whereas 21 (26 per cent) of the 80 patients had exophthalmos, 61 (76 per cent) had abnormal intraocular pressure (delta greater than or equal to 3 mm Hg). All patients with exophthalmos had elevated intraocular pressure on upgaze; 40 (68 per cent) of 59 patients without proptosis had abnormal pressure readings. The mean interval between the onset of Graves' disease and this study was 6.3 +/- 1.0 years (S.E.M.) for those patients who had exaggerated positional changes in intraocular pressure, as compared with 3.0 +/- 1.0 years for those with normal intraocular pressure (P less than 0.005). All but 1 of 15 patients in whom the diagnosis of Graves' disease had been documented 10 or more years earlier had increased intraocular pressure on upgaze. We conclude that Graves' ophthalmopathy is more common than is recognized clinically and that eye involvement is an inevitable complication of the disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Effects of selective dopamine-1 receptor activation on intraocular pressure in man.

The lack of specific agonists and antagonists has, until recently, precluded investigation of a role for dopamine receptors in the control of intraocular pressure. In the present study, we have examined the effects of fenoldopam, a novel selective dopamine1 (DA1) receptor agonist, on intraocular pressure, in eight healthy human volunteers. Fenoldopam, infused intravenously at 0.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1, increased intraocular pressure from 14.6 +/- 0.9 to 17.6 +/- 1.4 mmHg (P less than 0.05) while a control saline infusion had no effect. Pupil diameter and blood pressure did not change. In the same subjects, i.v. norepinephrine or angiotensin II both increased intraocular pressure--from 13.8 +/- 1.4- to 17.6 +/- 1.4 mmHg and from 13.4 +/- 1.3- to 17.5 +/- 1.7 mmHg respectively (P less than 0.05), and mean arterial pressure by about 20 mmHg. These data suggest that: (1) DA1 receptor activation can modulate intraocular pressure; (2) the intraocular pressure effects of the DA1 receptor agonist, fenoldopam, are independent of changes in systemic blood pressure, in contrast to those of norepinephrine or angiotensin II where intraocular and systemic blood pressures increase in parallel; (3) the ability of a DA1 receptor antagonist to lower intraocular pressure merits investigation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

The effect of intracamerally injected ethacrynic acid on intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma.

We studied the effect of ethacrynic acid on intraocular pressure in eyes with advanced open-angle glaucoma. Five to 15 microliters of ethacrynic acid (3.3 to 9.8 micrograms) was injected intracamerally after retrobulbar anesthesia was achieved in five eyes of five patients with advanced glaucoma. Intraocular pressure before treatment ranged from 26 to 46 mm Hg with maximal medical treatment. A reduction in intraocular pressure from 9 to 31 mm Hg was observed in all patients three to 24 hours after treatment, and this effect lasted for three days, with a gradual return of intraocular pressure to pretreatment values one week after treatment. No acute corneal or anterior chamber side effects were observed and results of corneal endothelial cells counts were essentially unchanged two months after treatment. We suggest that ethacrynic acid may represent a new class of antiglaucoma medication. Intracameral administration of ethacrynic acid or a derivative might be contemplated in the future at the time of other ocular surgical procedures to treat short-term intraocular pressure increase.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Does smoking affect intraocular pressure? Findings from the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between smoking and intraocular pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 residents aged 49 years and older in an area west of Sydney, Australia from 1992 to 1994. A trained interviewer collected a detailed history of smoking. Intraocular pressure was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry; as the correlation between right and left eyes was very high, only right-eye data are presented. Participants using glaucoma medications or who had evidence of previous cataract surgery were excluded. RESULTS: Current smokers (15.8% of participants) had slightly higher mean intraocular pressures (16.34 mm Hg) than nonsmokers (16.04 mm Hg). Intraocular pressure (in the right eye) was significantly associated with current smoking, after adjusting for age and sex (P = 0.03). This association remained unchanged after simultaneous adjustment for other variables associated with intraocular pressure, including blood pressure, diabetes, myopia, glaucoma, family history, and pseudoexfoliation (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a modest cross-sectional positive association between current smoking and intraocular pressure.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Evaluation of accuracy of measuring intraocular pressure by handheld non-contact applanation tonometer].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of measuring intraocular pressure by handheld non-contact applanation tonometer. METHOD: 58 patients' (113 eyes) intraocular pressure were measured by Keeler, non-contact tonometer and R 900 Goldmann applanation tonometer and the results of measurement of intraocular pressure by the two kinds of tonometers were compared. RESULT: The mean intraocular pressure measured by non-contact is 16.31 +/- 5.59 mmHg and 17.49 +/- 6.13 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.1333 kPa) by Goldmann applanation tonometer, respectively. There was no statistical significance to be found (P > 0.05) between the two methods. By linear correlation and regression analysis, a positive correlation was found between the two methods (r = 0.8942, b = 0.8154). CONCLUSION: The handheld non-contact tonometer has the same accuracy and reliability of measurement of intraocular pressure comparing with Goldmann applanation tonometer, and it can be used in glaucoma clinic and screening.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed2000

Markedly increased unilateral intraocular pressure during hemodialysis in a patient with ipsilateral exfoliative glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To report a man with markedly increased intraocular pressure in a unilateral exfoliated eye during hemodialysis. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: A 75-year-old man with unilateral exfoliative glaucoma complained of blurred vision in his right eye during hemodialysis. The blurred vision always occurred during hemodialysis, and the intraocular pressure was increased during hemodialysis. The average increase in intraocular pressure during hemodialysis in the right eye was 22.5 mm Hg, and the intraocular pressure in the left eye remained in the normal range during hemodialysis. Argon laser trabeculoplasty was performed on the right eye, and a decrease in intraocular pressure was attained. CONCLUSION: Physicians must be alert to intraocular pressure increases in these eyes during hemodialysis.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cyclocryotherapy versus transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for uncontrolled intraocular pressure.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of cyclocryotherapy and diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for the treatment of uncontrolled intraocular pressure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients (70 eyes) treated for high, unresponsive intraocular pressure during a 4-year period with cyclocryotherapy (n = 38) or diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (n = 32) with a follow-up period of at least 3 months (mean follow-up = 15.7 months) were compared for intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and complication rate. RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure was reduced from 40.9 +/- 11.9 to 20.5 +/- 10.3 mm Hg in the cyclocryotherapy group, and from 35.9 +/- 9.3 to 21.3 +/- 10.7 mm Hg in the cyclophotocoagulation group. Intraocular pressure was controlled in 60.5% and 62.5% of eyes, respectively. Deterioration in visual acuity occurred in 31.5% of the cyclocryotherapy group and 37.5% of the cyclophotocoagulation group. Severe visual loss to no light perception was noted in 6 eyes and 2 eyes, respectively, and phthisis bulbi in 2 eyes in the cyclocryotherapy group (5.2%) and 1 eye in the cyclophotocoagulation group (3.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Cyclocryotherapy and diode laser cyclophotocoagulation are equally effective in decreasing intraocular pressure in patients with persistent uncontrolled glaucoma, with a lower rate of complications associated with diode laser cyclophotocoagulation.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Relation between intraocular pressure and size of transverse sinuses.

There are asymmetries in the sizes of transverse sinus and intraocular pressure. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible relationships between the asymmetry of transverse sinuses in TOF MR venography and intraocular pressures of right and left eyes. In this study, subjects were 63 male and 42 female medical school students, aged 18-21 years (mean+/-SD; 19.72+/-0.67 years). Subjects with neurological and ophthalmologic disease, particularly dural sinus thrombosis, myopia, trauma and glaucoma, were excluded the study. Subjects were divided into five groups according to the magnitudes of the right- and left-transverse sinuses in MR venography results. There is a functional relation between intraocular pressures of the right and left eyes and asymmetry of the transverse sinus. If the transverse sinus on one side is larger and its venous drainage is greater, the intraocular pressure of the eye on this side is lower. It can be speculated that the transverse sinus size may be associated with pathogenesis of diseases with increased intraocular pressure such as glaucoma. We aim to determine the relation between the size and drainage of transverse sinuses in TOF MR venography and intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma in our next study.

Adolescent↗