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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Modulation of murine macrophage nitric oxide synthesis by liposomal phospholipids: correlation with liposome immune adjuvant activity.

The influence of alum and liposomal phospholipids on interferon-gamma-(IFN-gamma), IFN-gamma/N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine- (MDP) or IFN-gamma/tumor necrosis factor-alpha- (IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha) induced macrophage nitric oxide (NO) synthesis has been investigated. IFN-gamma induced NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. TNF-alpha and MDP did not induce NO synthesis, but interacted synergistically with sub-optimal doses of IFN-gamma. Alum strongly inhibited IFN-gamma-induced NO synthesis (ID50 25 microgram/ml). Liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) had no effect on IFN-gamma-induced NO synthesis. IFN-gamma-induced NO synthesis was stimulated by DPPC/dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) liposomes (9:1 mol ratio, ED50 45 nmol phospholipid/ml), and inhibited by DPPC/dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) liposomes (9:1 mol ratio, ID50 > 500 nmol phospholipid/ml), and DPPC/phosphatidylserine (PS) liposomes (7:3 mol ratio, ID50 150 nmol phospholipid/ml). Alum, DPPC/PE and DPPC/PS liposomes also inhibited IFN-gamma/MDP- and IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-induced NO synthesis. Neither alum or the liposome preparations had significant toxicity towards macrophages in vitro at concentrations that induced maximal inhibition or stimulation of IFN-gamma-induced NO synthesis. Immunization of mice with alum-adsorbed and liposome-incorporated bovine serum albumin (BSA) demonstrated that enhancement or reduction of both IgG antibody and the proportion of IgG2a/IgG2b was correlated with stimulation or inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced NO synthesis.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1993

Antitumor response to recombinant murine interferon gamma correlates with enhanced immune function of organ-associated, but not recirculating cytolytic T lymphocytes and macrophages.

The mechanism of therapeutic activity for recombinant murine interferon-gamma (rMu IFN gamma) in the treatment of metastatic disease was investigated by comparing effector cell augmentation with therapeutic activity in mice bearing experimental lung metastases (B16-BL6 melanoma). Effector cell functions in spleen, peripheral blood, and lung (the tumor-bearing organ) were tested after 1 week and 3 weeks of rMu IFN gamma administration (i.v. three times per week). Natural killer (NK), lymphokine-activated killer (LAK), cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activities against specific and nonspecific targets, and macrophage tumoristatic activity were measured. rMu IFN gamma demonstrated immunomodulatory activity in most assays of immune function. The optimal therapeutic protocol of rMu IFN gamma (2.5 x 10(6) U/kg, three times per week) prolonged survival and decreased the number of pulmonary metastatic foci. This therapeutic activity was correlated with specific CTL activity from pulmonary parenchymal mononuclear cells (PPMC), but not from spleen or blood. Macrophage tumoristatic activity in PPMC also correlated with therapeutic activity, but activity in alveolar macrophages did not. However, therapeutic activity did not correlate with NK or LAK activity at any site. These results demonstrate that the optimal therapeutic protocol is the same as the optimal immunomodulatory dose for pulmonary CTL and macrophage activities. Furthermore, while immunological monitoring may help to optimize treatment protocols, current monitoring procedures that use readily accessible sites, particularly peripheral blood, may not accurately predict the therapeutic efficacy of biological response modifiers in clinical trials.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cell-mediated immunity in Marek's disease: correlation of disease-related variables with immune responses in age-resistant chickens.

A sequential study of cytotoxic and mitogen stimulation responses of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) after inoculation with Marek's disease (MD) virus was done with the 7 x 15 chickens at 2 weeks of age (group 1) and at 12 weeks (group 3). Control groups were inoculated with chicken kidney cells at 2 weeks of age (group 2) and 12 weeks (group 4). During an 8-week observation period, morbidity and mortality were greater in group 1 chickens than in group 3 chickens. The cytotoxic response of PBL against an MD tumor cell line (MSB-1) was greater during the first 2 weeks after chickens in group 3 were inoculated than in group 1 chickens. Correlations did not exist between cell-mediated cytotoxic responses and severity of disease for individual group 1 chickens. However, PBL fo group 3 chickens that developed gross lesions of MD had reduced cytotoxic activities after an initial activity equal to, or greater than, the activities of chickens that survived without gross lesions. Phytohemagglutinin stimulation of PBL was depressed in both groups during weeks 1 to 3 after inoculation. Group 3 chickens had higher virus titers in PBL than group 1 chickens during weeks 1 to 3 after inoculation. The titers subsequently decreased below those for group 1 during the remainder of the experiment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

[Morphologic correlates in antitumor immunity. VII. Plasmocytes in the stroma of carcinoma].

Prevalence of plasmacytes in stromal reaction was estimated in carcinoma of oral cavity, stomach, breast, uterine cervix and lung. Possible prognostic importance of the feature was evaluated. Predominance of plasmacytes was lacking in the stomach carcinoma. In oral, breast and uterine carcinomas it occurred without any correlation to survival rates. The lack of predominating plasmacytes in lung carcinomas was a bad prognostic sign. This reaction occurred only in groups with long survival rates.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Increased intestinal permeability to (51 Cr) EDTA is correlated with IgA immune complex-plasma levels in children with IgA-associated nephropathies.

Intestinal permeability was investigated in 10 normal young adults, in 11 control children and in 9 children presenting with either Berger disease (4 cases) or Henoch-Schönlein nephritis (5 cases), making use of (51 Cr) EDTA as a probe molecule. All subjects exhibited a normal creatinine clearance at the time of testing. After oral administration of (51 Cr) EDTA, 24-hour urine radioactivity was measured and results were expressed in percentage of the oral dose administered. Means and SD were 2.35% +/- 0.77, 2.51% +/- 0.70, and 5.10% +/- 2.35 for normal adults, control children and patients with IgA-associated nephropathies, respectively. The differences of permeability between controls and patients were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In addition, a significant, direct, linear correlation has been established between the percentage of (51 Cr) EDTA excreted in 24-hour urine and IgA immune complex-plasma levels. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that increased gut permeability could play a role in the pathogenesis of IgA-associated nephropathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Morphologic correlates of antitumor immunity. VI. Macrophages in the stroma of carcinomas].

Number of macrophages as a part of stromal reaction was evaluated in a standard way in the carcinoma of oral cavity, stomach, breast, uterine cervix and lung. Findings were compared with the survival rates of patients. Lack of macrophages in stromal infiltration was a bad prognostic sign in the uterine and pulmonary carcinoma. The same correlation in the other carcinomas was not significant.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Vaccination of colorectal cancer patients with modified vaccinia Ankara delivering the tumor antigen 5T4 (TroVax) induces immune responses which correlate with disease control: a phase I/II trial.

PURPOSE: The highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), encoding the tumor antigen 5T4 (termed TroVax), has been evaluated in an open-label phase I/II study in colorectal cancer patients. The primary objectives were to assess the safety and immunogenicity of ascending doses of TroVax and to determine the biodistribution of the vector. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: TroVax was given to 22 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Seventeen patients received doses of TroVax ranging from 5 x 10(7) up to 5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units at 0, 4, and 8 weeks and were considered to be evaluable for assessment of immunologic responses. Both antibody and cellular responses specific for the tumor antigen 5T4 and the viral vector were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS: TroVax was well tolerated in all patients with no serious adverse events attributed to vaccination. Of 17 evaluable patients, 16 showed 5T4-specific cellular responses whereas 14 had detectable antibody levels following vaccination. TroVax was able to boost 5T4-specific immune responses in the presence of MVA neutralizing antibodies. Periods of disease stabilization ranging from 3 to 18 months were observed in five patients, all of whom mounted 5T4-specific immune responses. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed a positive association between the development of a 5T4 (but not MVA) antibody response and patient survival or time to disease progression. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that vaccination with TroVax is safe and well tolerated and that immune responses to 5T4 can be induced without any evidence of autoimmune toxicity. Furthermore, 5T4-specific antibody responses correlate with evidence of disease control.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1980

[The definition of clinical catabolism by the urea production rate and its correlation with cellular immunity].

In 38 preoperative patients the production of urea was estimated and the cell-mediated immunity was measured. 10 patients were catabolic and had negative skin tests, all of them were inoperable. 15 patients were catabolic and had positive skin tests five patients were inoperable. 12 patients were not catabolic and had positive skin tests, two were inoperable. One female patient was not catabolic and had negative skin tests, but was operable. The catabolic state can be assessed by the urea production rate and you can give prognostic and therapeutical references in correlation with the delayed hypersensitivity.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1992

[The immune and fibrinolytic potentials of patients with a postpneumonic lung abscess from the viewpoints of systemic-regional correlations].

The immune and fibrinolytic systems were studied in 55 patients with postpneumonic lung abscess; 17 of them were operated on. Revealed were reductions of the number and functional activity of the T-cell immunity and a systemic-regional fibroanalysis data (high fibrinolytic activity in the systemic circulation and bronchial lumen; high activity in the blood of the resected lung portion). High activator activity of the sputum and its absence in the pus of the abscess cavity evidence that the source of the plasminogen activator is the bronchial wall not the destructed pulmonary tissue.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1998

Chemokines are present in the genital tract of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women: correlation with other immune mediators.

In this cross-sectional study, 53 cervicovaginal lavage samples (CVL) from 41 women were analyzed for the chemokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), regulated-on-activation normal T-expressed and secreted (RANTES) factor, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-8 was detected in 81% of CVL, whereas RANTES was detected in 32%, and MIP-1alpha in 15% of the CVL. The mean levels of IL-8, RANTES, and MIP-1alpha in positive samples were 396 pg/ml, 102 pg/ml, and 34 pg/ml, respectively. IL-8 levels correlated positively with IL-1beta and IgG in a subset of CVL samples. RANTES levels correlated positively with complement protein levels. Additionally, the levels of RANTES, but not MIP-1alpha, reached levels reported in previous studies of the effects of beta chemokines to inhibit HIV replication. These results suggest that measuring chemokines in CVL specimens can provide important information regarding immune responses in the genital tract.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed2004

Antigen specific correlations of cellular immune responses in human leishmaniasis suggests mechanisms for immunoregulation.

Regulation of the immune response directed against Leishmania is critical for the establishment of effective control of the disease. It is likely that some types of immune responses directed against Leishmania can lead to more severe clinical forms of leishmaniasis causing a poor control of the pathogen and/or pathology, while others lead to resolution of the infection with little pathology as in cutaneous leishmaniasis. To gain a better understanding of the possible role that subpopulations of T cells, and their associated cytokines have on disease progression and/or protective immune responses to L. braziliensis infection, a detailed study of the frequency of activated and memory T cells, as well as antigen specific, cytokine producing T cells was carried out. Following the determination of cytokine producing mononuclear cell populations in response to total Leishmania antigen (SLA), and to the recombinant antigen LACK, correlation analysis were performed between specific cytokine producing populations to identify models for cellular mechanisms of immunoregulation in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. These studies have shown: (1) a positive correlation between ex vivo CD45RO frequencies and antigen specific cytokine (IFN-gamma or IL-10) producing cells; (2) a negative correlation between ex vivo CD69 expression and the frequency of IFN-gamma producing cells; (3) a positive correlation amongst SLA specific, IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha and IL-10 producing lymphocytes with one another; and (4) a higher frequency of IL-10 producing, parasite specific (anti-SLA or anti-LACK), lymphocytes are correlated with a lower frequency of TNF-alpha producing monocytes, demonstrating an antigen specific delivery of IL-10 inducing negative regulation of monocyte activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Correlation between humoral immune responses and presence of virus in the CNS in dogs experimentally infected with canine distemper virus.

The role of the humoral immune response in clearance or prevention of canine distemper viral encephalitis of dogs infected with a virulent strain of canine distemper virus has been evaluated. Dogs that have demyelinating lesions, CDV proteins and infectious virus in their brains demonstrate an impaired humoral immune response. In dogs that recover from infection and contain no demyelinating lesions, viral proteins or infectious virus in the brain, antibodies to the internal proteins of CDV are observed early after infection. Later antibodies to primarily the H protein are detectable in sera of these dogs and the appearance of antibodies against the surface glycoprotein (H) correlates with the absence of lesions, CDV antigen and infectious virus in the brains of these dogs. Very late after infection immunoprecipitating antibody to all CDV antigens diminished rapidly so that at about ten weeks post infection antibodies that precipitate CDV antigens are barely detectable.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A neurophysiological correlate of an immune response.

In order to examine possible neurophysiological changes during an immune response, we have recorded neural activity in a conscious animal bearing chronic recording electrodes in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Male rats were sensitized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) injected intraperitoneally. Basal PO/AH multiunit activity (MUA) was recorded as 14.7 +/- 2.1 Hz prior to sensitization and was seen to increase significantly to a maximum of 33.1 +/- 6.0 Hz (p less than 0.005) five days after SRBC injection. This increase correlated with the initial appearance of anti-SRBC serum antibodies at a mean antibody titer of 1:32. Also recorded were decreases in PO/AH MUA on days 3 and 8 after the sensitization (8.2 +/- 2.4 Hz, p less than 0.005); 7.1 +/- 3.3 Hz, p less than 0.005, respectively). Basal PVN MUA was recorded as 14.7 +/- 2.4 Hz. It decreased significantly for the first three days after immunization, and then returned to a basal rate before increasing to 25.9 +/- 8.4 Hz (p less than 0.005) on day 6. On the ninth and tenth days after SRBC injection PO/AH and PVN MUA levels returned to those recorded before immunization.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Serum and intestinal isotype antibody responses and correlates of protective immunity to human rotavirus in a gnotobiotic pig model of disease.

We examined the antibody responses and protection to a human rotavirus (HRV) in gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs. Pigs were perorally (p.o.) inoculated with attenuated (group 1), virulent (group 2), or inactivated (group 3) Wa (P1A[8]G1) HRV. A fourth group was inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with inactivated Wa HRV in adjuvant. After p.o. challenge with virulent Wa HRV at post-inoculation day 21, most group 1, 3 and 4 pigs shed virus and developed diarrhoea, whereas this occurred in only a few group 2 pigs. Antibodies to HRV (IgM, IgA or IgG) were detected in serum and intestinal contents of pigs of all groups after virus inoculation or challenge, and the antibody titres in intestinal contents, although lower, showed similar kinetics to the serum responses. There was no correlation between protection and neutralizing antibody titres of serum or intestinal contents, but a positive correlation existed between protection and serum IgA, intestinal IgA and intestinal IgG antibody titres. These findings suggest that serum IgA antibodies to HRV could act as an indicator of IgA antibodies in the intestine after rotavirus infection. The virulent HRV elicited protective immunity and higher levels of serum and intestinal IgA antibodies to HRV compared to attenuated and inactivated HRV. These findings suggest that more efficient mucosal delivery systems and/or adjuvants are needed to enhance the intestinal immune responses to attenuated or inactivated HRV if more successful vaccination is to be achieved in neonates.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Systemic administration of rIL-12 induces complete tumor regression and protective immunity: response is correlated with a striking reversal of suppressed IFN-gamma production by anti-tumor T cells.

Unfractionated spleen cells taken from tumor-bearing mice 2 weeks after tumor implantation contained tumor-primed T cells which produced cytokines including IL-2 and IFN-gamma when cultured in vitro. With progressive tumor growth this initial lymphokine-producing capacity decreased. Here, we investigated the ability of IL-12 to (i) restore suppressed IFN-gamma production, (ii) cause tumor regression and (ii) induce anti-tumor protective immunity. Addition of rIL-12 to spleen cell cultures from 4- to 10-week-old tumor-bearing mice resulted in a striking enhancement in the production of IFN-gamma compared with cultures of these cells in the absence of rIL-12 or of normal spleen cells in the presence of rIL-12. Five i.p. injections of rIL-12 into mice bearing s.c. tumors induced complete tumor regression. This was found when rIL-12 was given at early (1-2 weeks), intermediate (4-5 weeks) or even late (7 weeks) stages of tumor growth. Furthermore, IL-12-treated mice which rejected the primary tumor exhibited complete resistance to a rechallenge with the same tumor but did not reject a second syngenetic tumor. Immunohistochemical analyses following IL-12 treatment revealed that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltrate the tumor. More importantly, IFN-gamma mRNA expression was observed in fresh tumor masses from tumor-bearing mice receiving IL-12 treatment. The importance of IFN-gamma was further demonstrated by the observation that the systemic administration of anti-IFN-gamma mAb prior to IL-12 treatment completely abrogated the anti-tumor effect of IL-12. Thus, these results indicate that administration of modest levels of rIL-12 to tumor-bearing mice results in tumor regression through mechanisms involving reversal of suppressed IFN-gamma production by anti-tumor T cells and the establishment of a tumor-specific protective immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Correlation of humoral immune response with clinical presentation, pulmonary lesions and mortality patterns of goats experimentally infected with peste des petits ruminants virus.

The patterns of humoral immune response, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the development of clinical signs, pulmonary lesions and mortality patterns were studied in goats experimentally infected with peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) or Kata virus. It was possible to classify the animals into high and low responders according to the pattern of humoral immune response. The high responders had a prolonged, chronic infection characterized by a giant cell pneumonia which was sometimes complicated by bronchopneumonia. Such animals survived beyond 1 month. The low immune responders had a subacute or acute clinical presentation. In the former case, the animals developed an uncomplicated giant cell pneumonia and died within 1 month of infection. Those with the acute symptoms developed pulmonary congestion and oedema and succumbed to the infection in 1 week. The clinical and pathological response of goats to PPRV infection, and ultimately the outcome of the infection correlated well with the ability of the goats to mount specific antibodies to PPRV.

Animals↗