SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Infection Control”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Motivation to comply with infection control procedures.

This paper addresses the critical issue of motivating hospital staff to comply with standard infection control procedures. Previous psychological assessment of infection control knowledge, attitudes and behaviour has indicated that the reasons for non-compliance are very basic and reflect inter alia a low perception of the importance of the measures and a lack of motivation. It is argued that, although staff have a theoretical awareness of the value of complying with such procedures, in practice these seem to have a low priority. Compliance levels, therefore, are variable and generally of a low order. If recent advances in the fields of social psychology, behavioural psychology and clinical psychology could be imported to hospital medicine, they could have a dramatic impact in infection control. The Elaboration Likelihood Model, an effective theoretical approach to message-based persuasion, and the energizing effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational processes are defined. Finally, the implications of these concepts for persuasive intra-hospital communication in infection control are highlighted. They can provide a framework for developing effective infection prevention programmes.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗

PubMed2007

Infection control matters in home healthcare: Mumps update.

Infection control is pivotal to good nursing care. This column is dedicated to new developments in infection control that affect home healthcare nursing. In this issue, we examine the outbreak of mumps that began in the Midwestern states resulting in new mumps immunization guidelines for all healthcare providers.

Disease Outbreaks↗

PubMed2000

Infection control procedures used in conjunction with computed dental radiography.

Infection control guidelines for dental radiography have been modified since 1986, when the American Dental Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention supported the concept of "universal blood and body fluid precautions." With the introduction of computed digital radiography, hardware manufacturers recommend that alternative infection control techniques are necessary to prevent potential damage to the digital x-ray sensors placed inside the patient's mouth. Thirty first-year dental hygiene students were asked to insert and remove a Schick CDR number 2 size intraoral digital x-ray sensor into modified Rinn XCP bitewing bite blocks and a modified Rinn Snap-a-ray five times with each of the recommended infection control covers. Reduced rates of cross contamination are possible if the plastic barrier envelope has an additional latex finger cot stretched over it and the x-ray sensor. Sole usage of a latex finger cot will result in a reduced incidence of contamination, but still not to acceptable levels. However, a plastic barrier envelope placed over the x-ray sensor and over the modified XCP bite block together or a covered sensor in a Snap-a-ray under normal conditions does not result in a perforation and is least likely to result in cross contamination.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

A hospital-based education programme for infection control in Australia.

Fremantle Hospital, a 400-bed teaching hospital has offered an infection control course for registered nurses since 1984. The number of nurses practising infection control in the state of Western Australia has increased from seven in 1984 to over 100. Country areas now have access to appropriate advice. The course is hospital-based and multidisciplinary and is constantly evolving. It lasts for two weeks, is economic and wastage is low due to careful selection of candidates. Basic infection control standards have improved, but teaching of medical and allied health staff and line managers has not yet been addressed. Nurses from overseas are now applying for the course and a regional network of infection control practitioners is a major aim.

Curriculum↗

PubMed1991

Microprocessors for auditing the surveillance activity of the Infection Control Nurse.

An important part of the Infection Control Nurse's activity in the UK is the laboratory-based surveillance of patients with infections that are known to be transmissible, i.e. of 'alert' organisms. We have replaced a manual 'T-card' system in which relevant patient information, microbiology and nursing notes are held on all patients yielding 'alert' organisms. The programme is menu driven, requires minimal coding and runs on a microprocessor with a hard disc. The programme enables surveillance patient information to be entered, edited, archived and recorded. Instant retrieval on screen or hard copy includes summarized or full displays of all patients on all wards, sorted by wards, organism, date or risk category. Archived data may be retrieved within minutes and this avoids having to interrogate the whole laboratory database overnight. To illustrate an additional use of the data stored, we analysed the surveillance activities of the Control of Infection Nurse for one year. Of 203 laboratory diagnoses requiring patient surveillance, 30% were viral infections, of which more than two-thirds were caused by hepatitis B virus; of the 142 bacterial isolates, 27% were multiply antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, 25% Pseudomonas spp, 12% Salmonella spp., 9% methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 7% Group A streptococci and 8% meningococci. These isolates resulted in only four outbreaks involving nine patients or staff. This information has proved useful for auditing the nurse's activity and provides evidence for the cost-effectiveness of infection control.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed2000

Watching the bottom line: enhancing the role and impact of infection control in a managed care environment.

Health care expenditures exceeded $1 trillion in 1997, with projections for $2.2 trillion in expenditures by 2008. Decreasing organizational revenues and efforts to reduce operating costs have had a direct impact on infection control programs. Senior managers in hospitals and other provider organizations are focusing on achieving and maintaining revenues while controlling costs. Infection control professionals must align themselves and their programs with these organizational goals by (1) identifying areas in which the infection control program can support and enhances revenues, (2) facilitating the avoidance of excess costs for care, especially those related to nosocomial infection, (3) identifying opportunities for cost reduction through value analysis, and (4) participating in efforts to measure and prevent other adverse outcomes of care.

Cost Control↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Elements of an effective infection control program.

In summary, the future direction of infection control in nursing homes was best stated by Eickhoff in 1978 when he said that failure to accept responsibility in hospital epidemiology will result in the loss of the opportunity to make the discipline "more scientific and to differentiate more clearly between sense and nonsense in hospital infection control." Today, ten years later, the various members of the health care team need to assume the same responsibilities in the nursing home setting, working together to advance the scientific basis of infection control and, in turn, to safeguard and improve the health of residents in long-term care institutions.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed1994

Factors affecting the role of dental surgery assistants in cross-infection control in dental practice.

A study of cross-infection control in general dental practices in the North Western Health Region of England suggested that much of its quality might lie in the hands of dental surgery assistants (S. Doohan, 1991, personal communication). The present paper describes part of a programme of work intended to improve cross-infection control in general dental practices and to discover any factors which might affect this control. A qualitative study of dental surgery assistants' behaviour was used to devise an interview schedule for making quantitative assessments; these were made in visits to 82 general dental practices. A high proportion of DSAs were aware that they are failing to carry out cross-infection control procedures and were worried by this.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed1997

Dental students' knowledge and compliance in cross infection control procedures at a UK dental hospital.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge and clinical practice of dental students in infection control procedures at a UK dental hospital. DESIGN: A questionnaire concerning various aspects of infection control was completed by all clinical dental students under examination conditions. Their actual clinical practice was later observed and certain aspects recorded. SETTING: A UK dental hospital. SUBJECTS: One hundred and eleven dental students from three clinical years completed the questionnaire. Clinical practice for all 3 years was observed in a total of 280 treatment events. METHODS: The questionnaire was marked by two of the authors and observations recorded by another author. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Degree of compliance with recognised policy for infection control. RESULTS: Knowledge of infection control procedures was variable particularly concerning duties usually undertaken by the dental nurse. The suggested high compliance with masks and eye protection was not always apparent in clinical practice, although virtually all students washed their hands prior to donning gloves, which were worn by all students. CONCLUSION: There can be marked differences between what students say they would do and what they actually do in clinical practice. The topic of infection control requires a pro-active approach throughout the course, since results for the final year were not significantly different from the other clinical years. Ways of improving compliance are discussed.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed1989

Infection control update: beware of the ragwheel.

Previously, concern about infection control in dentistry emphasized the handpiece, operator safety, barrier technique, and patient protection in the dental operatory. As current knowledge of infection control increases an expanded understanding of other sources of disease transmission is indicated. Often overlooked is the dental laboratory of which particular interest focuses on the lathes used in preparing prosthetic appliances, castings, orthodontic appliances, and surgical stents. Specifically, the potential threat of the ragwheel to the patient and operator is significant. Ragwheels and pumice samples were collected and cultured, the results of which mandate the need for infection control guidelines for the dental laboratory.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗

PubMed1985

Survey of purchasers of The APIC Curriculum for Infection Control Practice: findings and recommendations.

A survey of purchasers of The APIC Curriculum for Infection Control Practice was conducted in early 1985 by the APIC Curriculum Committee to determine characteristics of purchasers, usability of the text, reasons for purchase, and availability of references cited. Data were obtained from 342 (54.3%) respondents to a nationwide mail survey sent to a 20% sample (630) of all who were purchasers prior to January 1985. The average purchaser was an Infection Control Practitioner (ICP) who was a nurse employed by an acute care community hospital and had 6.9 years experience in infection control practice; 41% of purchasers worked in hospitals with greater than 300 beds. APIC members represented 93% of the respondents, and their disciplines were similar to those of the membership. Primary reasons for purchasing the Curriculum were to use it as the major reference for infection control information and to study for the Infection Control Certification Examination. Almost half of the respondents had taken and passed the examination. The overall satisfaction with format and style suggests that it was well-received and usable. Purchase of the Curriculum was strongly associated with hospital size. ICPs practicing in hospitals with less than 100 beds were less likely to have purchased the book than those in larger hospitals. Availability of references was also associated with hospital size. Future editions of the Curriculum need to reflect consideration of the relationship between hospital size and availability of references in their approach to completeness of information.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Public Health Laboratory Service/National Health Service Working Party on Hospital Infection. Infection control organizations in hospitals in England and Wales, 1979.

A survey of infection Control Organizations operating in hospitals in England and Wales is reported. Replies to the questionnaire which were received from organizations covering 95% of acute hospitals showed that an organization existed in virtually all acute hospitals; that a Control of Infection Officer and Committee existed in about 90%; and that an infection Control Nurse had been appointed in about 65% of hospitals covered by the survey.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed2005

Compliance with infection control programs in private dental clinics in Jordan.

The aim of this study was to assess the compliance of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the private sector in North Jordan with infection control measures. A pilot-tested questionnaire about infection control measures was distributed in March 2004 to 120 private practices. The response rate was 91.66 percent. About 77 percent of dentists usually ask their patients about medical history, 36 percent were vaccinated against hepatitis B, 81.8 percent wear and change gloves during treatment and between patients, and 54.5 percent wear and change masks during treatment and between patients. Most dental practitioners (95.4 percent) reported that they changed extraction instruments and burs between patients. All dental practitioners reported that they changed saliva ejectors between patients, but only 41.8 percent changed handpieces between patients. Approximately 63 percent (69/110) used autoclaves for sterilization, 47.3 percent (52/110) used plastic bags to wrap sterilized instruments, and only 18 percent (20/110) disinfected impressions before sending them to dental labs. Fourteen percent used rubber dams in their clinics, and only 31.8 percent had special containers for sharps disposal. Based on these responses, approximately 14 percent of general dentists in this sample were considered to be compliant with an inventory of recommended infection control measures. In Jordan, there is a great need to provide formal and obligatory infection control courses and guidelines for private dentists by the Ministry of Health and the dental association in addition to distribution of standard infection control manuals that incorporate current infection control recommendations.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

GRASPing infection: a workload measurement tool for infection control nurses.

The GRASP nursing workload management system was used over a five-month period by both the infection control nurses (ICNs) in an infection control team (ICT) in a 1200-bedded university teaching hospital trust. GRASP data were used to quantify and qualify patient and Trust requirements for infection control (IC). The results indicated that care was being prioritised as the average daily patient care requirement was 15.9 h, whereas the ICNs were only able to provide 12.7 h to meet this. Infection control nurses spent 5.3 h dealing with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and only 3.9 h in preparation and delivery of education. A 'fire brigade service' was being provided at the expense of developmental and strategic issues. GRASP provided a method of quantifying, recording and analysing workload. It was used to support recommendations from the Health Quality Service Organizational Audit (Kings Fund), the Department of Health (DoH), the National Audit Office (NAO), and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) for an increased focus on education and risk management in IC. It was also used in a skill-mix exercise, and resulted in the appointment of additional staffing to the ICT. GRASP data could be used for benchmarking with other institutions to provide a flexible system which may be adapted to meet the changing demands of the health service. It provides a means for ICNs to measure and manage their workload, and may be adapted to other members of the ICT.

Hospitals, University↗

PubMed1995

Evaluation of the objectivity of an infection control audit tool.

A national study involving 22 districts was carried out during 1993 to evaluate an infection control audit tool. The tool was found to be objective and can be used by infection control teams to monitor practices and assess the impact of training programmes. It can also be used to provide purchasers with a measurable standard in relation to infection control quality issues. In total, 440 wards were audited. A few districts had problems in meeting some of the standards, particularly on sharps and waste. A subgroup of the West Midlands Infection Control Nurses Association was able to adapt the audit tool for specialized areas including general practice, nursing homes and dentistry.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed2001

Diploma in Hospital Infection Control: a progress report.

The Diploma in Hospital Infection Control (DipHIC) was established by the Hospital Infection Society (HIS), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) in 1997 and has now completed two examinations. We outline progress since the announcement of the diploma and changes to the written examination and reflective portfolio. The reflective process is described and guidance provided to active infection control practitioners wishing to consider application for the diploma by accreditation of prior learning.

Certification↗

PubMed2004

Hospital infection control in Europe: evaluation of present practice and future goals.

The objective of this study was to assess current infection control practice in Europe and its structure, future research priorities, and how infection control should be organised. A questionnaire was sent to 223 hospital infection control physicians throughout Europe, of whom 54 in 18 countries responded. With respect to future research priorities in infection control in Europe, the largest proportion (69%) of the infection control specialists sampled expressed the need for standardisation of surveillance systems for international comparison of nosocomial infection rates. The results of this survey might help to create a basis for standardised guidelines which take into account European-wide interests.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed1985

State-of-the-art: practical infection control in dentistry.

Practical infection control in the operatory is a multi-step process. Protocol should be updated to include good: identification of high-risk patient populations, barrier technique, aseptic technique, surface disinfection, instrument sterilization, and equipment disinfection and sterilization.

Antisepsis↗