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PubMed2002

The intersection between the birth of molecular biology and the discovery of DNA repair.

Some of the physicists and biologists who contributed to early studies on the nature of the gene employed physical tools such as ionizing and ultraviolet (UV) radiation as experimental tools. The abnormalities of gene function that resulted from these perturbations led some investigators to explore the nature of DNA damage and to the (initially providential) discovery of DNA repair. However, rapid progress in this field through the efforts of molecular biologists conversant with DNA damage and repair was hampered by (among other things) a greater intellectual interest in the nature of DNA replication and the way DNA encoded the formation of proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis of a new zeolite structure ITQ-24, with intersecting 10- and 12-membered ring pores.

A new 10- and 12-membered ring zeolite, named ITQ-24, has been synthesized, and its structure has been solved. It has been found that this zeolite structure is topologically identical to that proposed for the hypothetical polymorph C of the SSZ-33/SSZ-26/CIT-1 family. This new zeolite has been achieved by using a rational approach of introducing Ge in the framework that has a directing effect toward zeolite structures with double-four-membered rings as secondary building units. Notoriously, active catalytic centers, such as Ti and Al, have been incorporated into this new zeolite, demonstrating that it is catalytically active for alkylation of aromatics.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Drosophila morgue and the intersection between protein ubiquitination and programmed cell death.

In Drosophila, cell survival decisions are mediated by the integrated functions of the Grim-Reaper death activators and Inhibitor-of-Apoptosis-Proteins (IAPs), such as DIAP1, to regulate caspase activities. We recently identified a gene that enhances the actions of the Grim-Reaper proteins and negatively regulates the levels of DIAP1 protein. This gene, morgue, encodes a novel protein that contains both an F box and a ubiquitin conjugase domain. Interestingly, the Morgue conjugase domain lacks the active site cysteine required for covalent linkage to ubiquitin. Morgue could target IAPs and other proteins for ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent turnover by acting either in an SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, or as a ubiquitin E2 conjugase enzyme variant (UEV) in conjunction with a catalytically active E2 conjugase. Morgue is evolutionarily conserved, as a Morgue ortholog was identified from the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Elucidation of morgue function should provide novel insights into the mechanisms of ubiquitination and programmed cell death.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Where two roles intersect: spillover between parent care and employment.

Spillover between the roles of parent care and employment was assessed in a sample of 105 employed adult daughter caregivers. This research examined how these 2 roles affect one another, both positively and negatively, and how such spillover was related to caregivers' psychological well-being. Path analyses indicated that negative spillover was an important mediating mechanism in the relationship between role stress and depression. In contrast, no evidence was found to suggest that positive spillover mediated the relationship between role satisfaction and positive affect. Findings extend prior research that has documented that caregiving and employment can interfere with one another by demonstrating that such spillover has implications for caregivers' emotional health.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Families and family psychology at the millennium. Intersecting crossroads.

This introduction to the International Perspectives section presents a global overview of various issues and trends that families and family psychologists confront at the beginning of the 21st century. These are presented in broad strokes so that a kaleidoscopic intermingling of pieces emerges. Some predictions are included about new and expanding directions the field of family psychology is likely to take in coming decades. The need for additional research to field test criteria sets for emerging relational diagnosis and to evaluate which are the most efficacious therapeutic interventions is highlighted (F. W. Kaslow, 1987, 1995b). This section also includes 3 other articles on various aspects of family psychology by leading psychologists from 3 diverse countries and continents--the Virgin Islands (R. Dudley-Grant, 2001), Israel (E. Halpern, 2001), and Japan (K. Kameguchi, 2001). Each is representative of the larger region in which each author teaches and practices. These articles are intended to present a collage of some of the problems families are experiencing, future trends, and a call to action for psychologists to intervene to prevent and ameliorate family distress. Each author describes the history and current status of family psychology in his or her country and relates key dilemmas to what is happening on the world scene.

Family↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychology at the intersection of work and family: recommendations for employers, working families, and policymakers.

Demographic data show that major changes have been occurring in the everyday lives of families over the last generation, with the majority of mothers of young children in the workforce and an increasing number of men and women assuming caregiving responsibilities for older relatives. Thus, the 2 primary identities of most adults, defined by their multiple family and work roles, need to be coordinated in ways that promote positive family outcomes, returns on investments for employers, and societal values. Despite changes in the workforce, the world of work is still largely organized for a family model that is increasingly rare--one with a stay-at-home caregiver. Recommendations based on psychological and other social science research are offered to align the needs of working families and employers.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Race/ethnicity and sexual orientation: intersecting identities.

Racial/ethnic minority women who come to identify as lesbian must confront the norms and expectations of both the majority and minority cultures in which they live. This article reports findings from a diverse sample of nearly 450 women and examines the effects of race/ethnicity on sexual identity development in African American, Latina, and White lesbians. African American and Latina respondents differed little in the timing and disclosure of lesbian identity; comparisons between women of color and White women revealed substantial variability. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for practice with lesbians of color.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

HIV-1 Nef intersects the macrophage CD40L signalling pathway to promote resting-cell infection.

All primate lentiviruses (HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV) encode Nef proteins, which are important for viral replication and pathogenicity in vivo. It is not known how Nef regulates these processes. It has been suggested that Nef protects infected cells from apoptosis and recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Other studies suggest that Nef influences the activation state of the infected cell, thereby enhancing the ability of that cell to support viral replication. Here we show that macrophages that express Nef or are stimulated through the CD40 receptor release a paracrine factor that renders T lymphocytes permissive to HIV-1 infection. This activity requires the upregulation of B-cell receptors involved in the alternative pathway of T-lymphocyte stimulation. T lymphocytes stimulated through this pathway become susceptible to viral infection without progressing through the cell cycle. We identify two proteins, soluble CD23 and soluble ICAM, that are induced from macrophages by Nef and CD40L, and which mediate their effects on lymphocyte permissivity. Our results reveal a mechanism by which Nef expands the cellular reservoir of HIV-1 by permitting the infection of resting T lymphocytes.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed2005

Diversity-oriented synthesis: exploring the intersections between chemistry and biology.

Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is an emerging field involving the synthesis of combinatorial libraries of diverse small molecules for biological screening. Rather than being directed toward a single biological target, DOS libraries can be used to identify new ligands for a variety of targets. Several different strategies for library design have been developed to target the biologically relevant regions of chemical structure space. DOS has provided powerful probes to investigate biological mechanisms and also served as a new driving force for advancing synthetic organic chemistry.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

An intersection between the self-reactive regulatory and nonregulatory T cell receptor repertoires.

The relationship between the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires used by self-reactive transcription factor Foxp3-positive (Foxp3(+)) CD4(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) and nonregulatory T cells with autoimmune potential is unclear. Here we found that the TCR repertoire of thymic T(reg) cells in TCRbeta-transgenic mice was diverse and was more similar to that of peripheral T(reg) cells than that of nonregulatory T cells, suggesting that thymic T(reg) cells make a substantial contribution to the peripheral T(reg) cell population. Activated T cells in Foxp3-deficient mice, which lack T(reg) cells, 'preferentially' used TCRs found in the TCR repertoire of T(reg) cells in Foxp3-sufficient TCRbeta-transgenic mice, suggesting that these self-reactive TCRs contribute to the pathology of Foxp3-deficient mice. Our analyses suggest that T(reg) cells and potentially pathogenic autoimmune T cells use overlapping pools of self-reactive TCRs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗