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PubMed1977

Relationships between the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style and psychiatric subclassification.

Examined the ability of a self-report measure of attentional and interpersonal characteristics to discriminate between groups of psychiatric patients and normal controls. Seventy-eight psychiatric patients and 30 nonpsychiatric medical inpatients completed the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS). Discriminant analyses of TAIS scores showed that: (a) psychiatric patients in comparison with normal controls described themselves as more overloaded by external and internal stimuli and as less effective in narrowing their attentional focus to task-relevant stimuli; (b) good premorbid schizophrenics appeared more externally overloaded and less able to narrow attentional focus than poor premorbid schizophrenics; and (c) psychotics and neurotics described themselves as more introverted and less pleasant in social encounters, while individuals diagnosed as character or personality disorders tended to be more extroverted and impulsive. The results were compatible with past experimental work and clinical reports identifying attentional and interpersonal differences among psychiatric subgroups.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1980

Levels of imagery and personality dimensions in a female prison population.

Personality and mental imagery tests were administered to 62 female prisoners. The study replicates the finding concerning relationships between imagery types and two specific personality dimensions, and extends the findings across populations, personality inventories, and investigators. Control of visual imagery is linked negatively to a measure of neurosis (Scale 2 of the MMPI); and (if level of neurosis is controlled) EI is linked to vividness of imagery. That is, an anova interaction showed that, with high neurosis scores, extroverts report more vivid imagery than introverts, but with low neurosis scores, introverts report more vivid imagery than extroverts.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Reminiscence and strategies of performance in rotary pursuit tracking.

The maximum speed at which man detects and corrects errors is analyzed on the pursuit rotor. During the prerest performance, scores of about 220 msec. are found, for both extravertive and introvertive subjects. During the postrest performance a crossover effect appeared: extraverts had scores near 60 msec., while introverts did not surpass 100 msec. The results are discussed in the framework of Eysenck and Frith's (1977) theory of reminiscence.

Arousal↗
PubMed1991

Effects of extraversion and mental arithmetic on heart-rate reactivity.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of extraversion and task difficulty on heart-rate reactivity. 15 extraverts and 15 introverts as identified by their scores on the Eysenck Personality Inventory completed mental arithmetic problems of three levels of difficulty. Two-way analysis of variance indicated that heart-rate reactivity increased as task difficulty increased. Also, introverts showed larger heart-rate reactivity to the task than extraverts. The present findings partially support Eysenck's physiological theory of extraversion in that introverted subjects were more aroused by the mental arithmetic task; however, the factors which produce such a difference are unclear.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effect of personality on magnitude-estimation scaling of complex auditory stimuli.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of the personality trait of extraversion/introversion on magnitude-estimation scaling of complex auditory stimuli. Two groups of subjects, 10 who liked rock music (M age = 22.4 yr.) and 10 who disliked rock music (M age = 21.9 yr.), were tested. Subjects were instructed to assign numerical values to a random series of nine suprathreshold intensity levels of a 10-sec. sample of rock music. Each subject was given the Eysenck Personality Inventory, a test designed to measure the personality trait of extraversion/introversion. Statistical analyses indicated that the personality trait of extraversion/introversion did not appear to have an effect on the way the subjects scaled the rock-music stimulus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Individual differences in body temperature assessed by a two-term function.

A new approximation, an alternative to the cosine function, was used to analyze body temperature throughout the day. The model studied is a two-term function characterized by three parameters that describe the temperature rise and fall. In contrast to other cyclic functions, this function can easily model complete cycles as well as segments of a cycle. This function has been applied to temperature series validating the dimension of morningness-eveningness throughout the day and also to studies that include body temperature, personality factors, and the dimension of morningness throughout a complete circadian period.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Role of personality characteristics in coping behaviors.

The relations between coping behaviors and personality characteristics (introversion/extroversion) were examined in 176 Japanese female college students. Multiple regression analysis indicated that extrovertive individuals more often used not only seeking social support but also avoidance than did introvertive subjects. An implication for further research would be to analyze the interactions between personality influences and situational factors in coping behaviors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Relations of early maternal employment and attachment in introvertive and extravertive adults.

The present study examined attachment scores of adult children whose mothers were employed and how maternal employment varied as a function of children's personality styles. Children's extraversion was expected to moderate the effects of maternal employment on their attachment as adults. Responses of 106 undergraduates were obtained on 3 measures, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Adult Attachment Scale of Collins and Read, and the Adolescent Relationship Scales Questionnaire of Scharfe and Bartholomew. A median split was performed to divide subjects into those scoring High and Low on Extraversion. Subjects were then grouped on the basis of their mothers' employment status during the subjects' infancy (Full-time, Part-time, Non-employed). Subjects high on Extraversion seemed to show more adverse attachment consequences in adulthood following full-time maternal employment during infancy. Adults who scored high on extraversion may have been more comfortable with continual maternal presence during infancy, while those more introverted as adults may have adapted better to the periods of separation associated with infant day care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Buying textbooks online.

In a sample of 77 undergraduates, purchasing textbooks online was predicted by computer/Internet skills but not by personality traits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Does computer-synthesized speech manifest personality? Experimental tests of recognition, similarity-attraction, and consistency-attraction.

Would people exhibit similarity-attraction and consistency-attraction toward unambiguously computer-generated speech even when personality is clearly not relevant? In Experiment 1, participants (extrovert or introvert) heard a synthesized voice (extrovert or introvert) on a book-buying Web site. Participants accurately recognized personality cues in text to speech and showed similarity-attraction in their evaluation of the computer voice, the book reviews, and the reviewer. Experiment 2, in a Web auction context, added personality of the text to the previous design. The results replicated Experiment 1 and demonstrated consistency (voice and text personality)-attraction. To maximize liking and trust, designers should set parameters, for example, words per minute or frequency range, that create a personality that is consistent with the user and the content being presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hostile personality characteristics of duodenal ulcer patients.

The aggression profile of patients with Duodenal Peptic Ulcer (DPU) (n = 39) was assessed by means of five self-rating scales (FAF 1, FAF 3, PDS-Extp, PDS-Intp, PDS-Dom) and was compared with a matched normal control group (n = 39) and a psychiatric outpatient sample (n = 67). The DPU group scored significantly higher than normal controls on aggressive excitability and extrapunitiveness (trend in the same direction for potential aggressions), and significantly lower than the psychiatric group on potential aggressions and intropunitiveness. Contrary to expectations, DPU patients did not differ from the other groups on dominance; in this dimension, however, the psychiatric group scored significantly lower than normals. The findings are discussed in the context of the available literature and it is suggested that intropunitiveness is drained off by the somatic symptom (DPU).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Heart rate response as indicator of mental strain: interaction of personality and situational factors.

Relation between mental strain defined as heart rate deviation score from person's baseline and persistence-excitation concept based on the Eysenck personality theory under various density information flow was investigated. Two groups the HPE(high EPQ-N and low EPQ-E score) and the LPE(low EPQ-N and high EPQ-E score) of a nuclear power plant operators were investigated under a monotonous condition (HPE: 15 Ss; LPE:12 Ss) and under a high density information flow condition (HPE: 17Ss, LPE: 15 Ss). The data support the view that the high persistence-low inhibition individual will be more mentally strained under high density information flow and that the level of strain will decelerate more slowly in comparison to persons with low persistence-high inhibition EPQ characteristics. The low persistence-high inhibition individuals will experience higher mental strain under monotonous situations. The findings suggest that the average EPQ-E and EPQ-N score might be useful criterion for selecting persons for tasks with alternatively monotonous and cognitively demanding situations.

Adult↗