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PubMed2006

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis to pistachio.

We report the case of a 16-year-old male who, 30 minutes after beginning to play football with previous ingestion of pistachio nuts, experienced an anaphylactic reaction. Prick-by-prick test with roasted pistachios was negative. Specific IgE antibodies to pistachio, cashew nuts and mango were negative. An open oral challenge test with pistachio in resting conditions was negative. Treadmill ergonometric stress in a fasting state and 60 minutes after a meal without pistachio gave negative results. A specific food exercise challenge 60 minutes after ingestion of 50 g pistachio nuts was positive, showing mild diffuse erythema and small wheals in face and thorax. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case of specific food dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis to pistachio. Negative allergologic tests is an unusual condition, since most cases appear to be IgE-mediated. In this case, a positive specific food exercise challenge test provided a definite diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Field infestation, life history and demographic parameters of the fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa.

Field infestation rates of an invasive fruit fly species, Bactrocera invadens Drew Tsuruta & White on mango was determined at different localities in Kenya. At most of the locations and especially at low elevations, B. invadens frequently shared the same fruit with the indigenous fruit fly species Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) but often occurred at higher numbers than C. cosyra. The level of infestation varied with location ranging from 3.0 to 97.2 flies per kg of fruit. There was a significant inverse relationship between numbers of flies per kg of fruit and elevation at which fruit was collected, suggesting that B. invadens is a predominantly lowland pest. On an artificial diet, development of B. invadens immatures lasted 25 days; egg incubation required 1.2 days, larval development 11.1 days and puparia-adult development 12.4 days. About 55% of eggs developed to the adult stage. Life expectancy at pupal eclosion was 75.1 days in females and 86.4 days in males. Average net fecundity and net fertility were 794.6 and 608.1 eggs, respectively, while average daily oviposition was 18.2 eggs. Daily population increase was 11% and mean generation time was 31 days. Results are discussed in relation to the biology and ecology of the insect and in the development of mass rearing and control measures for B. invadens.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Organochlorine pesticide residues in different Indian cereals, pulses, spices, vegetables, fruits, milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils.

A total of 244 samples of cereals (wheat flour, rice, and maize), pulses (arhar, moong, gram, lentil, and black gram), spices (turmeric, chili, coriander, and black pepper), vegetables (potato, onion, spinach, cabbage, brinjal, and tomato), fruits (mango, guava, apple, and grape), milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils (vegetable, mustard, groundnut, and sesame) collected from different cities of Northern Province (Utter Pradesh) were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography for the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues. Residues of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) were detected in about 85% of the total samples of cereals, spices, milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils analyzed in the present study. However, the residue levels were either very small (less than 0.06 ppm) or not detected at all in pulses, vegetables, and fruits as compared with very high concentrations in wheat flour (4.42 and 0.12 ppm), butter (1.19 and 4.85 ppm), mustard oil (1.26 and 2.42 ppm), Deshi ghee (1.10 and 3.84 ppm), vegetable oil (1.02 and 0.59 ppm), groundnut oil (0.51 and 1.49 ppm), and chili (0.48 and 1.92 ppm). The levels of HCH and DDT residues detected in rice, maize, turmeric, corlander, black pepper, and all the vegetables and fruits were also lower than those found in wheat flour, oil, and fat samples analyzed in the present study. These findings suggest that a restricted and controlled use of such persistent pesticides may be useful for decreasing their contamination levels in different food items.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Decoloring and spectral properties analysis of innoxious ultraviolet absorbents].

The ultraviolet absorbent extracted from mango leaves, was discolored by some decoloring agent. Then the spectral properties of the discolored ultraviolet absorbents were analyzed. The discolored method of ultraviolet absorbent was studied by comparing one with the others. The results showed that the discoloring effect was satisfactory by using active carbon, H2O2, citric acid, and oxalic acid as decoloring agent. Specially, when oxalic acid was used as decoloring agent, the color of the production was slight, the rate of production was high, and the absorption effect of ultraviolet ray was well. When the concentration of the ultraviolet absorbent solution is 0.5% (w/w), the ultraviolet ray transmission was smaller than 0.3% in 200-370 nm, and it increased slightly from 370 nm. There was a maximum value at 400 nm, approaching 12%.

Citric Acid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Postharvest-applied agrochemicals and their residues in fresh fruits and vegetables.

Many agrochemicals are applied postharvest on fruits and vegetables to extend their lives and preserve quality during storage, transport, and marketing. Persistence and distribution of residues on the edible portions of produce have been reported for citrus fruits, pome fruits, stone fruits, mangos, strawberries, bananas, kiwi fruits, avocados, some minor fruit commodities, and bell peppers and tomatoes. Data on the persistance and residues of the fungicides benomyl, biphenyl, sec-butylamine, captan, carbendazim, dicloran, fosetyl-aluminum, guazatine, imazalli, iprodione, metalaxyl, o-phenylphenol, prochloraz, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, triadimeton, and vinclozolin, the fumigants ethylene dibromide, methyl bromide, and sulfur dioxide, the insecticides dimethoate and fenthion, the antiscald compounds diphenylamine and ethoxyquin, and the growth regulators 2,4-D and daminozide are presented and discussed.

Agrochemicals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Bloodsucking mosquitoes (Culicidae, Diptera) of the Kindia area (the Republic of Guinea). 2. The genera Eretmapodites, Mansonia, Mimomyia, Malaya, Uranotaenia and Toxorhynchites].

Results of the 2-year studies of fauna and habitats of the bloodsucking mosquitoes Eretmapodites, Mansonia, Mimomyia, Malaya, Uranotaenia, Toxorhynchites performed in the southwest of the Republic of Guinea in 1982-1983 are presented. 1222 mosquito specimen were identified, which belonged to 41 species and 6 aforementioned genus. 29 species and 1 genus (Malaya) were found in Guinea for the first time. Mosquito populations of the gallery forest, mango and humid savanna forests, marshes and habitations were studied.

Africa, Western↗

PubMed1985

[Are there mucoviscidosis specific humoral factors? 1: Properties, prevalence, preparation, formation].

In 1967 Spock et al. reported on the serum of cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygotes containing a factor altering the coordination of ciliary motion in rabbit tracheal explants. Just in 1967 Mangos et al. found sweat and saliva from CF homozygotes having an inhibitory effect on sodium reabsorption in the rat parotid gland. Since that time the existence of CF specific humoral factors was supposed. Hitherto mainly biological tests (especially tests of ciliary dyskinesia) were used to prove these factors. These tests caused different results which even were doubtful with regard to the existence of CF specific proteins. Recently it is possible to differentiate between proteins with effects of ciliary dyskinesia and a CF specific protein by means of high sensitive biochemical and immunological methods of protein distinction. In future one can expect elucidation of question related to the importance of CF protein in pathogenesis and diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.

Blood Proteins↗

PubMed1989

[Comparative observations of the behavior of ethephon in fruit, coffee and paprika].

After application of Flordimex to soft and stone fruit for fruit abscission and acceleration of ripening obvious Ethephon residues have been found. Therefore, the dose rate has to be restricted to keep the maximum residue limit. The same is true for the use of Flordimex for fruit abscission in apples, whereas for yield regulation residues are far below 0.05 mg/kg in apples. A typical feature of the active ingredient is the large quantity of its residues in juice and wine, which is as high as Ethephon concentration in fruits or even higher. Finally, Ethephon is demonstrated to enter the pulp of bananas, mandarin, grapefruit and mango as a result of treating harvested tropical fruit. The residue situation after treatment of pineapple, sweet pepper and coffee is discussed.

Coffee↗

PubMed1988

Folklore therapeutic indigenous plants in periodontal disorders in India (review, experimental and clinical approach).

Though a number of plants and their parts are used for dental ailments among population in rural and urban areas of developing countries, in India however, the most common house-hold, road-side plants are mango (Mangifera indica), neem (Azadirachta indica; Melia azadirachta), ocimum (Ocimum basilicum), tea-dust (Camellia sinensis) and uncommonly murayya, i.e., currey leaf (Murayya koenigi) [Chopra et al. 1958, Kirtikar and Basu 1935, Nadakarni 1954, Satyavati 1984]. The leaves of these plants are folded and brushed (massage with teadust) against the teeth. Therefore, the present study is restricted only to the fleshy leaf extracts [Jindal et al. 1975] (except tea) of these plants inspite of certain limitations in the methodology and arbitrations in the microbial identification and isolation in the light of recent advances in folk dentistry. The investigation was carried out in two parts: 1) Experimental study: The efficacy of various dentifrices (commonly available in the market) and the potentiating effect of the leaf extract (LE) of the aforesaid indigenous plants when amalgamated with the tooth-paste against pathogens, were investigated. Further, the protection afforded by the said plant extracts (PE) over the conventional allopathic medicines on the human plaque cultures and gram negative bacteria from patients were studied. 2) Clinical study: The therapeutic effects of the said PE (individually) on clinical application among severely infected patients were examined.

Humans↗

PubMed1987

Dietary intake of vitamin A precursors by rural Gambian pregnant and lactating women.

In view of the apparent paradox of low dietary intakes of vitamin A by rural Gambian women, which is not accompanied by deficient biochemical or physiological indices (Bates, 1983), a detailed study was undertaken, in which dietary intake was remeasured by direct weighed food intakes, coupled with chemical analysis of the carotene content of key food components. This was combined with recall data on dietary patterns in order to obtain a precise picture of carotene intakes throughout a twelve month period, with supplementary information spanning 4 years. Major contributors to dietary carotene intake were mangos (brief period of local availability during the dry season), leaf sauces (mainly rainly season), and small amounts of red palm oil (purchased by the more wealthy families). Preformed vitamin A made only a very small contribution to the diet. For 35 subjects studied during pregnancy in the village of Manduar, the geometric mean home food carotene intake was 0.81 mg/day, and for 61 pregnant subjects from the village of Keneba, the geometric mean home food carotene intake was 0.62 mg/day. However, there were large individual variations. While the efficiency of conversion of carotene to retinol is not known precisely, it is clear that these intakes are considerably below the current recommended dietary allowance for vitamin A during pregnancy, and especially during lactation.

Carotenoids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid in canned fruit juices, cordials, and soft drinks with iron(III) and 1,10-phenanthroline as reagents.

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in canned fruit juices, cordials, and soft drinks, based on the reduction of iron(III) by ascorbic acid to iron(II), which is then complexed with 1,10-phenanthroline. Background correction is necessary for most samples and can be achieved by copper(II)-catalyzed oxidation of the acid. The calibration graph was linear from 0 to 8 micrograms/mL of ascorbic acid with a slope of 0.12/ppm. The precision for the determination of ascorbic acid in a lemon drink containing 210 micrograms/mL of the acid was 0.9%. Many ingredients commonly found in fruit juices, cordials, and soft drinks do not interfere; however, tannic acid, pyrogallol, and sulfite interfere with the method. A wide range of samples was analyzed for ascorbic acid content by the proposed method. The samples included mango and lemon tea drinks and also grapefruit juices, for which no background correction is needed.

Alcoholic Beverages↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reevaluation of Monier-Williams method for determining sulfite in food.

The Monier-Williams distillation procedure has a long history of successful use for determining sulfite in fruit products and wine; however, a systematic evaluation of its accuracy and precision with other food matrices has not been undertaken. We found that the Monier-Williams distillation yielded greater than 90% recovery of sulfite added to foods such as table grapes, hominy, dried mangoes, and lemon juice. Less than 85% recovery was obtained with broccoli, soda crackers, cheese-peanut butter crackers, mushrooms, and potato chips. These results may, in fact, accurately reflect the residual levels of sulfite if a portion of the sulfite undergoes irreversible reaction with some food components. Analysis of commercial food products gave sulfite levels ranging from 1400 ppm in dried apple slices to 25 ppm in cream sherry.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro effect against Giardia of 14 plant extracts].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate antigiardiasic activity in plants used in Mexico as antidiarrheics and/or antiparasitics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen species were evaluated. The antigiardiasic activity was measured in vitro in a blinded fashion using trophozoites of Giardia duodenalis incubated with plant extracts. The viability of trophozoites was ascertained using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) which is reduced to MTT-formazan by the activity of live trophozoites. The reduced MTT was extracted with an acidified alcohol (2-propanol with HCI 0.04 M) and measured in a spectrophotometer at 570 nm. Negative (trophozoites without extract) and positive controls (incubated with tinadazol) were included. RESULTS: The scientific and trivial names of the plants are given (trivials in Spanish marked by an asterisk). They had the following trophozoite mortality (mean +/- SD in percent): Justicia spicigera (muicle*) = 91 +/- 0.5; Lipia beriandieri (oregano) = 90 +/- 0.6; Psidium guajava (guava) = 87 +/- 1.0; positive control of tinidazol = 79 +/- 1.9; Punica granutus (granado*) = 78 +/- 1.3; Magnifera indica (mango) = 77 +/- 1.0; Plantago major (lante*) = 76 +/- 1.2; Cupressus semperbirens (cipres) = 73 +/- 1.2; Castella tormentosa (chaparro amargoso*) = 70 +/- 0.7; Hematoxilon campechanum (palo de Campeche*) = 67 +/- 1.2. Without or with a low mean activity were Prosopis juliflora (mesquite*) and Rizophora mangle (mangle*) with 0%, Oriza sativa (rice) with 5%, Capsicum annum (pimiento*) with 21% and Persea americana (avocado) with 23%. There were no associations of the antigiardiasic effect with concentration or osmolality of the extracts. CONCLUSIONS: A clear in vitro antigiardiasic effects was seen in nine species. Three of them were superior to tinidazol which is a drug of common use in the treatment of giardiasis.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Antiviral activity of mangiferin against herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro].

The effect of mangiferin, a tetrahydroxy pyrrolidone saponin extracted from the leaves of mango (Mangifera indica), against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro was studied. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of it against HSV-2 plaque formation in HeLa cells was 111.7 micrograms.ml-1, and the concentrations of 33 and 80 micrograms.ml-1 reduced the virus replicative yields by 90% (EC90) and 99% (EC99), respectively. The therapeutic index (IC50/EC50) was 8.1. Mangiferin did not directly inactivate HSV-2. The results of the drug addition and removal tests suggest that mangiferin inhibits the late event in HSV-2 replication.

Antiviral Agents↗

PubMed1993

Dietary assessment in Nigerian women: a pilot study.

A pilot study was conducted on the food consumption patterns of 67 female nursing and midwifery students attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. The age distribution of the Nigerian students ranged from 17 to 32 years, with a mean age of 22.6 years. The Nigerians reported relatively high frequencies of consumption of beef, fish, eggs, whole milk, and palm oil. The Nigerian diet was rich in both vitamin A (yams, palm oil, spinach, tomatoes) and vitamin C (tomatoes, oranges, tangerines, mangos). This select sample of Nigerian nursing and midwifery students reported a mean caloric intake of 2540 Kcal, distributed as follows: protein 12%, carbohydrate 51%, and fat 37%. The results of this pilot indicate that the Nigerian diet is high in fat, which may put the Nigerians at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the diet may be protective in terms of cancer, because of the high intake of vitamins A and C.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Systemic allergic reaction and diarrhoea after pineapple ingestion.

Some foods may initiate allergic reactions. Anaphylaxis due to mangoes, oranges, nuts and other foods has been reported earlier. We report the clinical and laboratory features of 32 patients who became symptomatic shortly after they had eaten pineapples. Seventeen patients were males and 15 females with ages ranging from 5 to 70 years. Most of the patients complained of intense itching and urticarial rashes, followed by abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea. Sixty-eight percent of the patients became symptomatic within half an hour of eating the pineapple. On examination 18 patients had an urticarial rash and a flushed face. Although none of the patients were severely dehydrated, 20 patients presented with shock. Their peripheral pulse and blood pressure were low or absent suggesting an anaphylactoid reaction. The median total eosinophil count was 1850 (250-6375/mm3). The serum IgE level measured in 4 patients was raised. The patients were treated with intravenous fluids and antihistamine. Some patients also received steroid and adrenaline. All patients recovered uneventfully. Our findings suggest that ingestion of pineapple may occasionally cause an anaphylactoid reaction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Microbiological quality of street sold fruits in San José, Costa Rica].

The sanitary quality of street sold fruits was analyzed during the period from march 1990 thru march 1993 in San Jose, Costa Rica. It looked for the presence of Salmonella spp. Shigella spp., Escherichia coli as well as fecal coliforms in natural refreshments, fruit salads and the fruits most frecuently expended on streets, either in slices as the pineapple (Ananas comosus), papaya (Carica papaya), non-ripe mangoe (Mangifera indica) and watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) and those that can be eaten without peeling, like nances (Byrsonima crassifolia) and jocotes (Spondias purpurea). 25 samples of each fruit, 50 natural refreshments and 50 fruit salads were processed according to rinse solution method, and the bacteriological determination was based in the methodology described by Vanderzant & Splittstoesser and the Bacteriological Analytical Manual. In the same way, it was used the Most Probable Number for 5 tubes described in the Standar Methods of Water and Wastewater in orden to analyze 15 samples of ready to use water by the fruit hawker. The nutritional value was studied according to the food composition tables for Costa Rica, Latin America and USA. The results show that more than 30% of fruit samples, 70% of natural refreshments and 96% of fruit salad presented fecal coliforms. Same time, all of them present important contamination indexes with E. coli. Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were not isolated. The water analysis revelead that 53% contained fecal coliforms, probably due to the lack of hygiene in the utensils used to collect water. The nutritional evaluation shows that fruit portions (except watermelon) satisfy more than 100% of the diary recommendation of vitamin C (60 mg) and 4-7% of the recommended ingestion of dietetic fiber (30g).

Costa Rica↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual foreign bodies of upper gastrointestinal tract.

We report management of unusual foreign bodies of upper gastrointestinal tract, namely beer bottle cap, raisins and pistachu, mango peel, betelnut and plum seed at a university hospital in Northern India.

Accidents↗