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Results for “Microbial Sensitivity Tests”

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PubMed1980

[Serodiagnosis of gonorrhea].

Due to the short incubation period of gonorrhea and the persistence of antibodies for years, a serological test cannot be used as the only basis for diagnosis of acute cases or for screening purposes. Major potential fields for application are the diagnosis of complicated gonococcal infections, casefinding in "high risk" groups and sero-epidemiological studies in developing countries. Serological tests using gonococcal pili antigen seem to be superior with regard to specificity.

Complement Fixation Tests↗

PubMed1978

Serological types of Pasteurella haemolytica in Kenya.

The 12 known serotypes of P. haemolytica and two biotypes A and T were found to occur in Kenya. Biotype T was more common in disease conditions than biotype A, which was more common in the nasal passages of healthy animals. Only biotypes A strains were recovered from cattle and the majority were serotypes 1 and 2, but serotypes 4 and 11 were also isolated. All serotypes were found to occur in sheep and goats, but serotypes 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 were more commonly associated with pneumonia. It was observed that chickens could harbour both biotypes A and T in pathological conditions. Biotype A serotype 2 was isolated from an adult wildebeest, but the prevalence of P. haemolytica in wild animals needs furter investigation.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

High-dose tobramycin combined with clindamycin or lincomycin in the treatment of septic peritonitis and intraabdominal sepsis.

Tobramycin in combination with clindamycin or lincomycin were used as systemic antibiotics in the treatment of 20 consecutive patients with septic peritonitis or intraabdominal sepsis, 10 of which were in septic shock. Doses were: tobramycin 1.5 mg/kg body weight every 8 hours, with prolonged dosage interval in patients with reduced renal function, clindamycin 0.9 g every 8 hours and lincomycin 1.2 g every 8 hours. Therapy was monitored by means of tobramycin serum concentration determinations and renal function tests. Eventual cure of the infection was obtained in 19 patients. In 2 of these, the effects of the antibiotics were doubtful. Side effects were observed on 8 occasions: One patient had a slight and temporary subjective hearing loss, coinciding with raised trough levels of tobramycin. Diarrhoea occurred in 3 cases and skin reactions in 3 cases. Superinfection with Candida albicans fungemia occurred in one patient. From the overall results it is concluded that the antibiotic regimen is of value in serious life-threatening infections. Although the tobramycin dose was higher than customarily used in Scandinavia at the time, 0 hour and 1 hour serum concentrations remained stable during therapy in patients whose renal function was normal at onset of therapy. Serum creatinine (S-Cr) levels in these patients were also essentially unchanged. Temporary reductions in osmolality (Osm) ratio Osm-urine/Osm-serum occurred in 11 patients despite normal S-Cr, but it was hard to attribute these impairments of renal function to tobramycin specifically. It was also doubtful whether tobramycin further aggravated renal function in those patients where it was impaired at onset of therapy. Thus, no conclusive evidence of clinically important tobramycin-induced nephrotoxicity were found. We suggest that the dosage schedule of tobramycin used in this study is applied when treating serious intraabdominal infections.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

[New methods for the group identification of beta-hemolytic Streptococci].

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Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1993

[Experimental studies on the symptom-complex mechanism of pi man zao shi of dachengqi decoction].

Experiments have shown that Dachengqi Decoction can inhibit the activity of G-germs which commonly grow in the intestinal tract, inactivate the endotoxin directly in vitro, reduce the amplitude of fever caused by endotoxin injected intravenously, promote the gastric secretion and gastric retaining in rats, and increase the level of glycogen in liver. It also has some other effects. All these actions contribute to the explanation on the efficacy of Dachengqi Decoction to purge off the internal heat.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Incidence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes in southern Taiwan from 1978 through 1987.

A total of 3,269 Salmonella strains, isolated from patients suffering from salmonellosis, was divided into 43 different serotypes during the period between 1978 and 1987. The commonest ten serotypes in the order of prevalence were S. typhimurium (43.7%), S. muenchen (13.7%), S. panama (9.0%), S. krefeld (8.1%), S. bovis-morbificans (6.3%), S. derby (4.0%), S. anatum (2.7%), S. braenderup (1.6%), S. typhi (1.2%), and S. dumfries (0.7%). Norfloxacin was found highly effective against Salmonella isolates in vitro. Moxalactam and cefotaxime were more effective than cephalothin against strains tested. Nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole inhibited 81-100% strains of Salmonella isolates, except S. bovis-morbificans and S. typhimurium. In general, S. typhimurium showed high incidence of multiple drug resistance. Among 1,430 strains of S. typhimurium, 158 isolates showed a uniquely high level resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin, amikacin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It was noted that all S. typhi isolates in this study were sensitive to all drugs tested.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗

PubMed1955