SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “NEWCASTLE DISEASE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed1976

Efficacy of intratracheal administration of Newcastle disease vaccine in day-old chicks.

Groups of day-old chicks with varying levels of parental antibody were vaccinated against Newcastle disease (B1 strain) with a commercially available device which simultaneously debeaks the chick and emits a fine spray of vaccine into its trachea. Some groups were also vaccinated (B1 or Lasota strain) with a commercially available vaccine sprayer at 9 days, 14 days, or 9 and 25 days of age. Response to vaccine was evaluated once each week during the experimental period of approximately 8 weeks HI titers were determined and 10 chicks were challenged with the Texas GB strain of Newcastle disease virus. In chicks with low to moderate levels of maternal antibody a satisfactory antibody response was attained by vaccination at 1 day of age, and in most cases resistance to challenge was evident by 3 weeks of age. Intratracheal vaccination of chicks with extremely high levels of maternal antibody had a minimal antibody response. All groups of chicks spray vaccinated at 9, 14, or 9 and 25 days of age showed a marked increase in antibody titer regardless of whether they had been vaccinated at 1 day of age.

Aerosols↗

PubMed2005

The isolation of exotic Newcastle disease (END) virus from nonpoultry avian species associated with the epidemic of END in chickens in southern California: 2002-2003.

During the first 11 months of the 2002-2003 exotic Newcastle disease (END) epidemic in chickens in southern California, a total of 27,688 cloacal and tracheal (oropharyngeal) swab pools and/or tissue pools from 86 different avian species other than chickens and turkeys were submitted for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolation and characterization. Fifty-seven specimens (0.23%), representing 12 species of birds and 13 unspecified species, from a total of 24,409 accessions or submissions were positive for NDV. The NDV isolate was characterized as ENDV by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of the 11,486 premises with other avian species, 1599 also had chickens. There were 1900 positive chicken samples from 164 premises, and 56 positive other avian species from 51 premises. Twelve premises had both positive chickens and positive other avian species. All positive other avian species were located on premises either on or within a 1 km radius of known infected premises. In this epidemic, premises with positive other avian species were significantly more likely to have chickens, and were significantly more likely to have positive chickens (OR = 3.7, P < 0.0001).

Animals↗

PubMed1981

The in vitro effects of Newcastle disease virus on the metabolic and antibacterial functions of human neutrophils.

Live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was used to investigate the in vitro effects of a viral infection on phagocytosis, chemiluminescence generation, superoxide production, oxygen consumption, NADPH-oxidase activity, and intracellular killing of bacteria by Ficoll-Hypaque separated human neutrophils. Phagocytosis of oil red O particles by NDV-treated PMN was inhibited by 50%. Chemiluminescence by PMN was inhibited 79% after zymosan stimulation and 86% after tetradeconyl phorbol acetate stimulation. Superoxide generation was inhibited by 68%. Oxygen consumption was inhibited in the presence of NDV by 37% after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate, while membrane-associated NADPH-enzyme activity was decreased by 19%. The percent of surviving intracellular S. aureus was significantly elevated in NDV-treated PMN after 60 and 120 min of incubation. Purified bacterial neuraminidase markedly suppressed chemiluminescence, while neuraminic acid blocked the effects of the virus. These observations suggest that infections with myxoviruses may suppress a number of vital neutrophil functions. It appears that the effects may be partly mediated by the interaction of viral neuraminidase with the external neutrophil membrane.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Isolation of a mesogenic Newcastle diseases virus from an acute disease in Indonesian ducks.

An outbreak with mortality and acute nervous signs in ducks is reported. A haemagglutinating virus was recovered from dead and sick ducks that was neutralised by Newcastle disease antiserum. The virus was a thermostable paramyxovirus that was classified as a mesogenic Newcastle disease virus. The virus induced the infection in young ducklings following intramuscular inoculation.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Response of domestic geese to lentogenic and velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus.

A total of 54 domestic white meat-type geese were included in vaccination/challenge trials to evaluate susceptibility to disease and humoral immune responses using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) tests against Newcastle disease (ND). Two groups of twenty geese, five weeks of age, were conjunctivally vaccinated with either 100 x 10(6) or 2.5 x 10(6) EID50 (egg infectious dose 50 per cent) per bird of live La Sota virus, respectively, and 14 geese remained unvaccinated. At 15 weeks of age all vaccinated geese and seven unvaccinated geese were subcutaneously injected with 0.5 ml of inactivated oil emulsion ND vaccine, whereas seven geese remained as negative controls. At an age of 20 weeks, all 54 geese were challenged with 10(8.0) EID50 per bird of the viscerotropic velogenic NDV strain Herts 33/56. Live virus application as well as the oil emulsion vaccine did not induce discernible clinical signs and have no detrimental effect on body weight gains. At days 1, 3, 5, 8, 13, 16, 20, 23 and 27 after the application of lentogenic vaccine pharyngeal and cloacal swabs were taken, after challenge samples were taken at days 2, 5 and 8. Lentogenic as well as velogenic virus were never reisolated. Low and shortlived antibody responses post vaccination were equally well measured in HI and VN tests. Only two out of seven unvaccinated but challenged geese developed signs of ND whereas all vaccinated/challenged geese remained normal but developed high to moderate levels of HI and VN antibodies. Since domestic geese do not readily excrete NDV's in detectable amounts and since they do not contain detectable amounts of the challenge virus fourteen days post challenge in their tissues the assumption is promoted that geese do not play a major role in the epidemiology of Newcastle disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

The serological response of chickens to oil emulsion vaccines containing the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus.

Experiments were conducted with vaccines containing the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Both living aqueous vaccines and vaccines consisting of virus incorporated oil emulsion were used. The calculated dose of virus contained in the oil emulsion vaccine was 10(8.7) 50% embryo infectious doses (EID50) per bird dose. Haemagglutinin inhibition (HI) antibody levels of 8 are presumed protective. One-day-old chicks with low levels of maternal antibody were vaccinated intraocularly with 10(6.3)EID50 ol live vaccine, and concurrently with oil emulsion vaccine. Presumed protective levels of antibody were present at two weeks post vaccination and were maintained for at least seven weeks longer. When adult birds 15 weeks old with no previous exposure to NDV were vaccinated intraocularly with 10(6.7)EID50 per bird, protective levels of antibody were produced within a week. Unvaccinated birds put in contact with the vaccinated birds produced similar antibody levels within 14 days. Revaccination with oil emulsion vaccine after antibody levels had fallen resulted in a rapid response with high levels of antibody. When antibody-free adult commercial birds with an unknown history of exposure to NDV were vaccinated intramuscularly with oil emulsion vaccine, high antibody levels were produced for at least 21 weeks. Concurrent intraocular inoculation with 10(7.0)EID50 live virus did not enhance the response. Natural infection of unvaccinated birds occurred during the experiment. This was detected by the presence of HI antibody levels of short duration. When antibody-free commercial birds were inoculated intramuscularly with oil emulsion vaccine containing 10(6.0), 10(7.0), or 10(8.0)EID50 per bird dose, 100% of birds inoculated with the highest dose produced presumed protective levels of antibody within two weeks, as compared with a 5-week delay when using the 10(7.0)EID50 per bird dose.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Concomitant Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Newcastle disease infection in broilers in South Africa.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was first isolated from broilers in South Africa in 1991. The importance of O. rhinotracheale infections has been established, with growth suppression, respiratory symptoms, and arthritis commonly seen as complications. Dual infection with Newcastle disease and O. rhinotracheale in 28-day-old broilers led to more severe respiratory lesions and higher mortality rates than in birds with only Newcastle disease. It was concluded that the pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus was enhanced when occurring in combination with O. rhinotracheale. Also of interest was the first isolation of O. rhinotracheale from the liver.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Oral vaccination of chickens with the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus. Cooked and raw white rice as a vehicle.

Uncooked white rice and cooked white rice were tested as vehicles for the V4 strain of oral Newcastle disease vaccine. The results of feeding experiments were evaluated by the measurement of haemagglutination inhibition antibodies against Newcastle disease virus. Little of the virus applied to uncooked white rice could be recovered, even immediately after mixing, whereas when the virus was applied to cooked white rice most of it could be recovered. In 4 separate experiments, chickens failed to respond serologically to vaccine supplied on uncooked white rice. In all of 4 experiments with cooked white rice, there were serological responses in vaccinated chickens, from 45% to 100% of the chickens developing titres sufficiently high to indicate protection against challenge with virulent virus. Development of haemagglutination inhibition antibodies in some control chickens indicated the ability of the vaccine virus for lateral spread or persistence in the environment.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in turkeys: immune response following vaccination with either viable B1 strain or inactivated vaccine.

When used as a vaccine, live letogenic B1 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) protects turkeys against challenge-exposure to viscerotropic velogenic NDV (VVNDV). Low-level passively-immune poults were vaccinated one, two, or three times at various intervals and their immunity challenged at various times from 1 to 10 months of age. Newcastle disease virus was isolated readily from either the blood, trachea, or vent of turkeys in all challenge groups (through 5 months of age) on the 3rd to 6th days postchallenge (PC) but after 14 days PC was isolated rarely. Virus was isolated from turkeys that had high titers of serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies at the time of challenge. The anamnestic antibody response appeared to be stronger in poults that had low antibody titers prior to challenge-exposure to VVNDV. In a small-scale study with an inactivated VVNDV vaccine, vaccinated poults were protected against challenge with the homologous viscerotropic virus. Parallel control studies on the infectivity of viscerotropic NDV for turkeys indicated that resistance to VVNDV increased with age.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Synthesis of virus-specific RNA under conditions of homologous and heterologous interference by Newcastle disease virus].

Homologous and heterologous interference by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was manifested in a marked inhibition of virus-specific RNA synthesis of both the interacting viruses. Inactivation of the interfering NDV by irradiation reduced its capacity to inhibit the synthesis of virus-specific RNA of the homologous virus, leaving its effect on the synthesis of RNA of the heterologous virus unchanged. In contrast, treatment of cell cultures with heparin leading to reduced interferon production eliminated the heterologous interference but did not affect the homologous interference.

Animals↗

PubMed1969

Gene with quantitative effect on circulating interferon induced by Newcastle disease virus.

Circulating interferon production, induced by Newcastle disease virus, is about seven times higher in C(57) Black mice than i Balb/c/Gif mice. A Mendelian analysis was carried out and circulating interferon production was measured in reciprocal F(1) hybrids, in the F(2) generation, in progeny of backcrosses of F(1) hybrids to either parent strain, and in second backcross progeny. The results indicate that a single, partly dominant, autosomal factor is responsible for the difference in circulating interferon production between both parent strains.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

[Antigenic differences in the glycoproteins of the Newcastle disease virus].

The two glucoproteins of the Newcastle disease virus - hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and F-protein - were isolated in a pure state from two strains of the virus: the La Sota apathogenic strain and the Roussev strain pathogenic for birds. It was found that the large HN glucoprotein of each of the strains was not identical antigenically with the F-protein. These seemed to be partial antigenic relatedness between the HN of the two strains. On the other hand, the F-proteins of the strains were identical.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic relationships among lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus.

Purified RNA from five lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains (B1, England-F, Nebraska, Queensland V4, and Ulster) was subjected to oligonucleotide fingerprinting analysis. This technique could resolve over 100 oligonucleotides per virus strain, of which 50 to 80 were unique. Although the fingerprints generated from these viral RNAs exhibited similar distribution patterns of non-unique RNA fragments, all could be distinguished from one another on the basis of the migration of unique RNA fragments. It is concluded that oligonucleotide mapping is a useful method of unambiguously identifying individual lentogenic strains of NDV and that this technique may serve as a means of characterizing highly pathogenic NDV isolates.

Newcastle disease virus↗

PubMed1992

Pathogenic properties of Newcastle disease virus isolates in the Sudan.

Six Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were obtained from disease outbreaks on different poultry farms in the Sudan between 1988 and 1991. The pathogenic properties of these isolates were studied in comparison to those of strain Herts 33/56. All the isolates were similar in that they killed chicken embryos quickly, in mean death time (MDT) and embryo lethal dose 50 per cent (ELD50), had higher intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPI), and produced viscerotropic lesions in the infected chickens. The field isolates had the characteristics of the velogenic viscerotopic strains of NDV. The pathogenesis of infection caused by one of the isolates was studied. The virus was first detected in different organs and in oral and cloacal swabs on the third day after infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1974

Influence of viral envelope on Newcastle disease virus infection.

The adsorption characteristics of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) propagated in chicken cells (NDV-C) and in human cells (NDV-H) were examined. Adsorption experiments performed at different temperatures indicated that virus propagated in a particular cell infected that cell type more readily than did virus propagated in a different host. For example, NDV-C was more efficient in initiating infection of chicken cells at 22 C than was NDV-H; the reverse was true when human cells were employed. The results indicate that infection of susceptible cells by NDV is influenced by the host cell in which the virus was propagated. The data also suggest that NDV may be useful in studies on homologous and heterologous membrane-membrane interactions.

Animals↗

PubMed1974

Conditional dependence of fusion from within and other cell membrane alterations by Newcastle disease virus.

Fusion from within (FFWI) by Newcastle disease virus occurs optimally in medium maintained at pH 8.2, whereas fusion from without is relatively insensitive to the pH of the medium in the range of 7.0 to 8.3. The pH-sensitive events in FFWI take place in the synthesis of the hypothetical fusion factor rather than in the response to it. pH pulse and pH shift experiments have localized the pH-sensitive events between 4 and 6.5 h postinfection (a period of synthesis of proteins required for FFWI), but before the fusion process. The pH sensitivity is not due to a pH-sensitive interference phenomenon. Virus production and the appearance of hemadsorbing cell surfaces are also pH sensitive, but for these functions the pH optima depend upon the virus strains tested. The independence of FFWI, hemadsorption, and virus production is discussed. Also discussed are the possible roles of virus-specific proteins in the fusion process.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Development of a cell culture method for quantal assay of strain I-2 of Newcastle disease virus.

Repeated titrations of strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are more conveniently undertaken in cell cultures rather than in embryonated eggs. This is relatively easy with mesogenic and velogenic strains that are cytopathic to various cell lines, but is difficult with avirulent Australian isolates that are poorly cytopathic. Strain V4 for example has been shown to be pathogenic iin vitro only to of chicken embryo liver cells. Strain I-2 was reported to produce cytopathic effect (CPE) on chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells. The present studies confirmed this observation and developed a quantal assay. CEK cells infected with strain I-2 developed CPE characterized by degeneration, rounding, granularity and vacuolation, and the formation of synctia. End points were readily established by microscopic examination of fixed and stained cells. In virus infectivity studies on strain I-2, where multiple titrations are required and where large numbers of samples are used, titration using CEK cell grown in microtitre plates is recommended. Such studies may not be feasible in embryonated eggs.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lectin binding and the carbohydrate moieties present on Newcastle disease virus strains.

Lectin-binding profiles were developed for 14 strains of Newcastle disease virus in order to determine the carbohydrate moieties associated with hemagglutination and to establish whether there are any associations between the carbohydrates present on the virus envelope and virulence. All strains of Newcastle disease virus were bound by concanavalin A. Other lectins bound the viruses differentially, but there was no pattern of binding that could be associated with viral virulence. The binding of virus by Lens culinaris lectin was associated with the elution rate of the virus from chicken erythrocytes. Strains that elute rapidly from chicken erythrocytes were not bound by Lens culinaris lectin. The sugar alpha-D-N-acetylglucosamine inhibited the adsorption of Lens culinaris lectin to the strains that were "slow eluters" from chicken erythrocytes.

Acetylgalactosamine↗