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PubMed1993

An international overview of resource centers on disability.

Facilities variously known as independent living centers, disabled living centers, disability information centers, and resource centers now exist in many parts of the world. Although occupational therapists offer valuable perspectives on quality of life, knowledge of assistive technology, and a holistic view of clients' needs, occupational therapy is not always a part of these centers. Occupational therapists themselves may overlook these settings as venues for their services. This overview of 38 resource center organizations in 14 countries reports on their approaches to supporting persons with disabilities, professionals, and other members of the public and explores the presence of occupational therapy and other professions in these agencies.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed2003

Approaching death in multicultural Australia.

Culture is a system of shared ideas, concepts, rules and meanings that underlies the way we live--and approach death. Cultural diversity refers to more than ethnic diversity: age, gender, sexual preference, capabilities, education, place of residence, and occupation (including the health professions) contribute to diversity of culture. Clinical decision making involves values and ethical principles, which are influenced by culture--not only of the patient but also of the carers and health professionals. Care of patients approaching death involves the whole healthcare system--but may need, from time to time, palliative care specialist input, including specialised cultural competence. Education and training of palliative medicine specialists in Australia needs to include a focus on cultural competence.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1978

A Marxist view of medical care.

Marxist studies of medical care emphasize political power and economic dominance in capitalist society. Although historically the Marxist paradigm went into eclipse during the early twentieth century, the field has developed rapidly during recent years. The health system mirrors the society's class structure through control over health institutions, stratification of health workers, and limited occupational mobility into health professions. Monopoly capital is manifest in the growth of medical centers, financial penetration by large corporations, and the "medical-industrial complex." Health policy recommendations reflect different interest groups' political and economic goals. The state's intervention in health care generally protects the capitalist economic system and the private sector. Medical ideology helps maintain class structure and patterns of domination. Comparative international research analyzes the effects of imperialism, changes under socialism, and contradictions of health reform in capitalist societies. Historical materialist epidemiology focuses on economic cycles, social stress, illness-generating conditions of work, and sexism. Health praxis, the disciplined uniting of study and action, involves advocacy of "nonreformist reforms" and concrete types of political struggle.

Capitalism↗
PubMed2000

[The centenary of opening of the gates of medical universities to women].

In the second half of the 19th century, with a wave of emancipation, women started to overcome discrimination and obtained access to the medical departments of universities. The first woman to obtain doctor's diploma was the American, Dr Elisabeth Blackwell (1821-1910) in 1851. In 1864 Switzerland was the first country in Europe to allow women to undertake medical studies. It was there that the first Polish woman - Dr Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska (1854-1918) obtained the doctor's diploma in 1878. In Poland, the official opening of university gates of medical faculties for women took place in 1900. In the 20s and 30s of the XXth century, the number of female doctors increased by 15%. It was then that counter-feminism began in the medical profession. The process of turning the medical profession into a feminine occupation went on in spite of the counter-action which took place at that time. Nowadays it is predominantly a feminine occupation with over 50% of doctors in Poland being women.

Education, Medical↗