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PubMed1995

[Air pollution by sevoflurane in operating room and serum and urine inorganic fluoride of anesthetists].

Since lower blood-gas partition coefficient of sevoflurane provides rapid induction and emergence from anesthesia, sevoflurane has been used widely for inhalational anesthesia. However, because higher minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane requires a large dosage of anesthetic than other volatile anesthetics, air pollution with sevoflurane in the operating room might be of great concern. Anesthetists may keep inhaling the low concentration of anesthetics every day, even though scavenging system is equipped in the operating room. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects on anesthetists of the low concentration of anesthetics by measuring the inorganic fluoride concentration in the urine and serum of anesthetists and operating room nurses. Healthy 29 anesthesiologists and two operating room nurses were studied. Informed consent was obtained. Inorganic fluoride ions in the serum and urine were measured. Simultaneously sevoflurane concentration in operating room was measured in three operating rooms, at two places in the corridor and in the recovery room. Sevoflurane concentrations in three operating rooms were 1.22 ppm, 2.13 ppm and 6.05 ppm respectively. Concentration in the recovery room was 0.544 ppm. Serum and urine concentrations of inorganic fluoride were 1.1 +/- 0.1 mumol.l-1 and 36.2 +/- 17.1 mumol.l-1, respectively (mean +/- SD). Serum concentration of inorganic fluoride was within normal ranges. Although it is possible that fluoride concentration in urine is influenced by urine volume and a half of fluoride deposits in bone, no abnormal values in urine were found in this study. These results suggest that long term exposure to low concentration of sevoflurane and isoflurane causes no significant increase in their metabolites in operating room staffs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Preliminary study of cytogenetic damage in personnel exposed to anesthetic gases.

Occupational exposure to anesthetic gases is associated with various adverse health effects. Genetic material has been shown to be a sensitive target of numerous harmful agents. The aim of this study was to examine whether chromosomal damage could serve to indicate exposure to anesthetics. A group of 43 hospital workers of three professions (anesthesiologists, technicians and operating room nurses) and 26 control subjects were examined for chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and micronucleus frequency. The exposed groups matched in duration of exposure to anesthetics, but not in age. An equal ratio between women and men was possible in all groups except nurses. Likewise, the ratio between smokers and non-smokers was also not comparable. An increase in chromosome damage was found in all exposed groups. While the increase in sister chromatid exchange frequency was not significant, chromosome aberrations and micronucleus frequency increased significantly, showing higher rates in women. The results suggest that the micronucleus test is the most sensitive indicator of changes caused by anesthetic gases. The observed difference between sexes with respect to exposure risk call for further, targeted investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Intraoperative nursing activities.

This study was done to describe the behaviors, activities, and cognitive functions of the registered nurse during the intraoperative phase of surgery and to categorize and compare the observed activities with AORN's Statements of basic competency for perioperative nursing. Fifteen randomly selected operating room nurses were observed for more than 210 hours during the intraoperative phase of surgery. Observations were recorded as observed activities and quotations. They were categorized by the coded Statements of basic competency for perioperative nursing. Further categorization was done to determine which basic competencies reflected nursing behaviors, activities, and cognitive functions. Additional data were collected using interviews and questionnaires. This study provided empirical evidence that a small sample of operating room nurses demonstrated most of the basic competencies. It also described the nursing behaviors, activities, and cognitive functions observed during the intraoperative phase of surgery.

Behavior↗
PubMed2005

Rethinking theatre in modern operating rooms.

Metaphor is a means through which a widely accepted meaning of a word is used in a different context to add understanding that would otherwise be difficult to conceive. Through etymological and metaphorical associations, we contend that aspects of "theatre" are still relevant in the modern operating rooms and that the use of dramaturgical metaphors can add another layer of understanding about the social reality in this setting. We begin by exploring the historical roots and derivation of the word theatre as it applied to anatomical dissection and surgery. Briefly, we touch on the work of Erving Goffman and examine how his work has been used by others to explore aspects of operating room nursing. Then, drawing on data from a postmodern ethnographic study that has been used to examine communication in operating room nursing, four dramaturgical metaphors are used to illustrate the argument. They are drama, the script and learning the lines, the show must go on, and changing between back stage and front stage. To conclude, the small amount of previously published literature on this topic is compared and contrasted, and the relevance of using dramaturgical metaphors to understand modern operating rooms is discussed. Being able to distinguish between the inherent drama in operating room work and the dramatic realisation of individuals who work within, can help operating room nurses to think differently about, and perhaps re-evaluate their social situation and how they function within it.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Australian operating room registered nurse education: a national study comparing two types of healthcare technology.

A random sample of operating room registered nurses (N = 258) working in hospitals throughout Australia was surveyed to compare how and what they initially learned about two types of healthcare technology--the count procedure and the electrosurgical unit (ESU)--and the consequences of their use. The most frequently identified method of initially learning to use both technologies was receiving instruction from a staff member on their unit. A comparison of what registered nurses initially learned about the technologies revealed that nurses were significantly more likely to learn more about the count procedure. The count procedure and ESU caused less than one-third of nurses to experience stress; participants were significantly less likely to have had an inaccurate count procedure result in patient harm (10.1%) than to have used an ESU that caused patient harm (17.4%).

Australia↗
PubMed1994

An ethical framework for operating room infection control.

The operating room nurse has an ethical obligation to provide patients with safe, effective care during surgical intervention. Most basic to this care is surgical asepsis. Bioethics principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, as well as the professional's character in meeting the responsibilities of competence and accountability, are presented as an ethical framework for surgical infection control.

Ethics, Nursing↗