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PubMed1981

[Medicamental immunosuppression in dermatology (author's transl)].

The pharmacology of the most important immunosuppressive agents in dermatology: glucocorticoids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and chlorambucil are reviewed. Our own results of treatment with these drugs (102 patients, diagnosis: lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, overlap-syndrome, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, cryoglobulinaemic purpura, and pyoderma gangraenosum) are presented.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1989

The effect of experimental haemocarbofiltration upon activity of mononuclear cells from normal and autoimmune patients.

We examined the functional activity of peripheral blood mononuclears (PBM) of 18 healthy subjects, 18 patients with pemphigus vulgaris, 12 with bullous pemphigoid and nine with discoid lupus erythematosus, after haemofiltration on carbon haemo-adsorbents of 'SKN' type. Proliferation in the response to PHA and Con A, for IL-1 and IL-2 production, and exogenous IL-2 absorption were assayed. The presence of IL-1 and IL-2 inhibitors in haemocarbo-adsorbent eluants was shown. We also investigated the natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) activities. We found significant increases of both lectin-dependent proliferation and of interleukin production by PBM of autoimmune patients after two to four perfusions. The ability of PBM to absorb IL-2 displayed a steady growth after each perfusion, whereas increase of NK and ADCC activities was observed after not less than six passes. The enhancement of PBM functional activity in autoimmune patients was accompanied by accumulation of IL-1 and IL-2 inhibitors in the sorbent. It was concluded that therapeutic effects of haemofiltration in autoimmune diseases involve improvement of immunocompetent cell function due to their deligandization by activated charcoal.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

'Tin-tack' sign in localized pemphigus foliaceus.

Two patients with localized pemphigus foliaceus are described, in whom a positive 'tin-tack' sign was a significant feature; this is the appearance of small horny plugs attached to the undersurface of the scale removed from the affected site. This report is intended as a reminder that a positive 'tin-tack' sign is not exclusively a feature of discoid lupus erythematosus but is also seen in localized pemphigus foliaceus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experience with FITC-labeled antihuman IgG "Weissensee" in dermatological diagnostics].

It is reported on results and experiences with immunofluorescent technique in dermatological diagnostic, using FITC-conjugated anti-human IgG "Berlin-Weissensee". While immunofluorescene on our conditions is an important diagnostic help in systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus as well as bullous pemphigoid, there are many nonspecific results in patients suffering from pemphigus vulgaris.

Fluorescent Antibody Technique↗
PubMed2005

The putative role of apoptosis in the induction of pemphigus.

The apoptotic cell has recently been shown to play a central role in tolerizing B cells and T cells to both tissue-specific and ubiquitously expressed self-antigens, and to possibly drive the autoimmune response in systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease which bears many similarities to pemphigus. We now propose a similar mechanism in the induction of pemphigus, namely, that a dysregulation in apoptosis expressed as an impairment of normal programmed cell death of epidermal keratinocytes and/or deficient and inadequate clearance of apoptotic material (specifically, desmoglein) may render it antigenic with the consequent production of autoantibodies. The fact that some thiol-containing compounds which are well-known inducers of acantholysis in vitro and pemphigus in vivo were shown to inhibit apoptosis might support our hypothesis.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1980

Studies in cutaneous immunofluorescence. I. The effect of storage time on direct immunofluorescence of skin biopsies from bullous disease and lupus erythematosus.

Forty-eight biopsy samples submitted to a diagnostic immunofluorescence service have been stored at -20 degrees C and sequentially re-tested at monthly intervals to ascertain the duration for which immunoglobulins and complement can be identified in these samples in typical and diagnostic patterns of distribution. Four biopsies from pemphigus vulgaris, 14 biopsies from bullous pemphigoid, nine biopsies from dermatitis herpetiformis and 21 from chronic discoid lupus erythematosus have been studied in this manner. In all cases diagnostic immunofluorescence patterns were present up to 4 months after biopsy and in several biopsies a diagnostic pattern was observed at 9 months. It is concluded that adequate storage facilities for a diagnostic immunfluorescence service can be achieved with a -20 degrees C storage system and that known positive material can be retrieved from this system for use as controls or in research studies for a minimum of 4 months.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Identification of pemphigus-like antigens expressed by SCaBER cells.

Indirect immunofluorescence revealed the presence of pemphigus-like antigenic activity on SCaBER cell monolayers after incubation with sera from patients with pemphigus vulgaris. In contrast, no fluorescence was observed after incubation of the cells with sera from patients with bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus or healthy individuals. In order to identify this pemphigus-like antigen, the SCaBER cell membrane proteins were solubilized in non-ionic detergent, separated according to their molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose sheets. After incubation with pemphigus serum followed by 125I-radiolabelled goat anti-human IgG, autoradiography revealed pemphigus antibody binding activity in the 105 Kd region in electrophoretograms of the unreduced SCaBER cell membrane extracts. This pemphigus-like antigen was isolated by affinity chromatography on the Sepharose-linked IgG fraction of sera from patients with pemphigus vulgaris.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

Multiple dermatofibromas in patients with autoimmune disorders receiving immunosuppressive therapy.

Multiple dermatofibromas have been previously reported in ten patients with autoimmune disorders; in six of these, the lesions initially appeared several months after commencing treatment with immunosuppressive medications. Two additional patients with autoimmune disorders receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy who subsequently developed multiple dermatofibromas are described: a 69-year-old man with a 24-year history of pemphigus vulgaris (23 lesions on his legs) and a 22-year-old woman with a 2-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus (four lesions on her legs and trunk). The association of multiple dermatofibromas in individuals with an altered immune system may provide insight into the pathogenesis of this cutaneous condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Role of extracorporeal photopheresis in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, autoimmune disease, and allograft rejection.

Photopheresis is a pheresis-based therapy that is currently available at approximately 70 medical centers worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that extracorporeal photopheresis can significantly prolong life, as well as induce a 60-75% response rate among individuals with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Moreover, a 10-15% cure rate, in response to photopheresis alone, or in combination with interferon alfa, has been obtained at our institution. These complete responses have been characterized by the complete disappearance of morphologically atypical cells from the skin and blood. Southern blot analysis of peripheral blood specimens have also confirmed the indefinite disappearance of the malignant T-cell clone from the blood of patients with complete responses. Current immunological data obtained from in vitro human studies and from animal models suggest that the basis for the responses of CTCL patients are related to activation of treated macrophages resulting in release of cytokines, including substantial levels of TNF alfa, and, perhaps, to the induction of anti-clonotypic immunity directed against pathogenic clones of T-lymphocytes. In addition to the treatment of CTCL, a potential role for photopheresis in the therapy of autoimmune disease has been suggested by recent pilot studies of pemphigus vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, a randomized, single-blinded trial involving 79 patients with early onset, aggressive systemic sclerosis suggested that photopheresis could beneficially effect the course of the cutaneous thickening in this form of the disease. Lastly, two independent pilot studies of cardiac transplantation have indicated that photopheresis can reverse acute cardiac allograft rejection and potentially suppress ongoing chronic rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Review of immunomodulation by photopheresis: treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, autoimmune disease, and allograft rejection.

Photopheresis is an apheresis-based therapy that is currently available at approximately 70 medical centers worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that extracorporeal photopheresis can significantly prolong life as well as induce a 60-75% response rate among individuals with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Moreover, a 10-15% cure rate, in response to photopheresis alone, or in combination with interferon-alpha, has been obtained at our institution. These complete responses have been characterized by the complete disappearance of morphologically atypical cells from the skin and blood. Southern blot analysis of peripheral blood specimens has also confirmed the indefinite disappearance of the malignant T-cell clone from the blood of patients with complete responses. Current immunological data obtained from in vitro human studies and from animal models suggest that the basis for the responses of CTCL patients are related to activation of treated macrophages resulting in release of cytokines, including substantial levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and perhaps, to the induction of anticlonotypic immunity directed against pathogenic clones of T lymphocytes. In addition to the treatment of CTCL, a potential role for photopheresis in the therapy of autoimmune disease has been suggested by recent pilot studies of pemphigus vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, a randomized, single-blinded trial involving 79 patients with early onset, aggressive systemic sclerosis suggested that photopheresis could benefically affect the course of the cutaneous thickening in this form of the disease. Lastly, two independent pilot studies of cardiac transplantation have indicated that photopheresis can reverse acute cardiac allograft rejection and potentially suppress ongoing chronic rejection. Randomized, controlled trials for these new indications for photopheresis therapy are currently in the early stages of implementation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Investigation of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in immunodeficient patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of anti-Taxoplasma gondii antibodies in immunodeficient patients. METHODS: T. gondii-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in serum samples from 371 immunodeficient patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patients were with solid malignancies (including untreated digestive system malignancies and solid malignancies received chemotherapy), chronic liver diseases, patients received immunosuppressant therapy (dermatomyositis, psoriasis, pemphigus, post-renal transplantation, systemic lupus erythematosus and other miscellanies), lymphoma, leukemia and diabetes. 100 normal serum samples served as controls. RESULTS: The positive rate of patients with solid malignancies received chemotherapy, solid malignancies received chemotherapy, chronic liver diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus and leukemia was 19.0%, 33.3%, 16.5%, 45.4% and 20.0%, respectively, being significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The immunosuppressed patients are highly predisposing to secondary T. gondii infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical staining patterns of canine eyes affected with chronic superficial keratitis.

Fourteen limbal biopsy specimens from 11 dogs with chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Ten of the 14 specimens had corneal epithelial hyperplasia and/or atrophy. Eleven of the 14 specimens had thickened epithelial basement membranes. Each specimen had cellular infiltration and lamellar disruption of the stroma. An avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase complex stain was used to detect immunoglobulin (Ig) deposition. Twelve of the 14 specimens stained positive for Ig. The staining pattern was consistent and characterized by diffuse deposition of stain in the superficial conjunctival stroma near the limbus. Four of the 12 Ig-positive specimens also stained positive in the superficial corneal stroma with 1 of these 4 also staining positive along the epithelial cell basement membrane. The diffuse pattern of stain deposition and the absence of staining of specific epithelial structures indicated that CSK is not a classical autoimmune disease similar to any disease in the pemphigus group or similar to systemic lupus erythematosus. Although the results may implicate CSK as an immune-mediated disease, nonspecific factors could not be ruled out.

Animals↗