SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “PUTREFACTION”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

[Phosphate concentration. Does reduction in infant formula feeding modify the micro-ecology of the intestine?].

The potential influence of phosphates in formulas on intestinal microflora was studied in 25 infants, aged 8 days to 12 weeks. The babies were either fed an infant formula with the usual phosphate concentration (n = 10) or an infant formula with reduced phosphate and protein concentrations (n = 7). The microbiological findings were compared with those obtained from breastfed infants (n = 8). Low-phosphate concentrations did not correlate with a predominance of bifidobacteria or suppression of putrefactive bacteria in the feces. The fecal excretion of phosphates and fat was found to be significantly lower with mother's milk compared to formulas both rich and poor in phosphate. Protein synthesis and breakdown rates, as well as the net protein gain, did not have a significant correlation with protein intake.

Bifidobacterium↗

PubMed2003

[Development of new analytical technologies and their applications for forensic medical examinations].

Quantitation of drug concentration in a cell: Laser-induced photo-thermal microscopy and laser microscope (LSM) were used for quantitation of drug concentration in a cell of the fixed tissue sections. The colloidal gold labeled with antibodies was used as an indicator for detection of drugs or other antigens. The detection limit (10 zmol) of the tobramycin distributed in a epithelial cell of one renal tubule was 10-times superior to that of scanning laser microscope. The colloidal gold remained stable to laser-beam radiation and gave a low background. Therefore, the use of colloidal gold and laser microscopy make possible highly sensitive detection of drug in the fixed tissues. Highly sensitive quantitation of drug: A simple and highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmumoassay using a fluorescent europium chelate (4, 4'-bis (1", 1", 1", 2", 2", 3", 3"-heptafluoro-4", 6"-hexanedion-6"-yl)-chlorosulfo-o-terphenyl (BHHCT)-Eu+3) was used for analysis of methamphetamine (MA). Two kinds of assay methods (one step assay and two step assay) using a microtiter plate coated with anti-MA were employed. The smallest measurable amounts of MA for the one-step and the two-step methods were 25 pg/assay and 25 fg/assay, respectively. Molecular biological approach to the forensic problem: a. The diagnosis of the death caused by drowning was possible by detection of the DNA fragments of aquatic plants from the organ of victims. The detection of the DNA fragments of chloroplast gene, ribose-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL), was performed using PCR method with the newly synthesized probes. b. Taq-Man probes were useful to perform the personal identification of many samples. Mitochondrial DNA analysis was also brought about good results for putrefactive samples. So, the combination of some examine methods was need for personal identification of multiple samples. DGGE method was also very useful and easy for multiple gene analysis for personal identification with SNPs.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of applying molecular-and-genetic markers of chromosomal DNA in identification of unrecognizable remains of servicemen lost in military actions in the Northern Caucasus].

The results of applying molecular-and-genetic markers of chromosomal DNA in identifying unrecognizable remains of servicemen lost as dead in 1994-1996 and 1999-2001 military campaigns in the Northern Caucuses are summarized in the paper. Some of the specific features related with enzymatic amplification typing of DNA preparations sampled from degraded biological tissues of strongly deformed or decayed cadavers were analyzed. The typing results were analyzed by the AB0 system of degraded expertise samples in order to check the reliability of routine forensic-biological examinations as applicable to cadaver tissues with pronounced putrefactive changes. It was established that group-specific antigens of the AB0 system were correctly determined only in 67.5% of cases. False results were obtained in the other 32.5% of cases. Most of them were related with determination of groups 0(I) and A(II).

Biomarkers↗

PubMed2003

[Application of magnetic therapy in acute paraproctitis].

There were studied the possibilities and perspectives of application of the magnetically liquefied layer as an instrument for better purulent and putrefactive wounds clearance after intervention for an acute paraproctitis. Together with clinical signs the results of bacteriological investigation were controlled as well. There was established high efficacy of the method proposed and expedience of its application.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of polymorphic DNA sequences STR-PCR in decomposed human tissues].

This paper reports the possibility of DNA profiling obtained from soft tissues influenced by the decomposition process: heart, kidney, liver collected during autopsy. As a control DNA, profile from blood was determined. DNA was extracted by the phenol-chloroform method. Amplification was performed with the use of the GenePrintSTR Multiplex (CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01) system, Promega and AmpF[symbol: see text]STR Identifier, Applied Biosystems. PCR products of the CTT system were separated by electrophoresis on denaturing polyacrylamide gels and visualized by silver staining. The 16 loci of AmpF[symbol: see text]STR Identifier products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis on an ABI PRISM 310 sequencer. The results from both methods were compared. Electrophoresis of the CTT products showed clear results for DNA extracted from blood and decomposed tissues, particularly from the heart and kidney. The capillary electrophoresis method gave a positive signal for all 16 loci of AmpF[symbol: see text]STR Identifier for DNA extracted from heart, kidney and blood. Worse results similar to the manual method were obtained for DNA extracted from the liver. The soft tissues, also decomposed by putrefaction can be a useful source of genomic DNA in personal identification and paternity testing.

Autopsy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Gas chromatography in quantitative analysis of hydrocyanic acid and its salts in cadaveric blood].

A direct gas chromatography method was designed for the quantitative determination of cyanides (prussic acid) in cadaveric blood. Its sensitivity is 0.05 mg/ml. The routine volatile products, including substances, which emerge due to putrefaction of organic matters, do not affect the accuracy and reproducibility of the method; the exception is H-propanol that was used as the internal standard. The method was used in legal chemical expertise related with acute cyanide poisoning (suicide) as well as with poisoning of products of combustion of nonmetals (foam-rubber). The absolute error does not exceed 10% with a mean quadratic deviation of 0.0029-0.0033 mg.

Cadaver↗

PubMed1992

[Matrix effects from the thanatochemical viewpoint].

The predominating hydrophilic physiological body constituents are not interfering severely during the toxicological analysis for organic poisons in biological matrices, whereas coextracted lipids are usually well distinguishable from xenobiotics. But interfering substances increase strongly with autolysis, and some of them behave like toxicologically relevant compounds to be detected by the respective analytical methods. Attempts are reaching from the STAS' isolation procedure through the ptomaines to our chromatographical epoche, to phenomenologically compensate the matrix effects--increasing in the course of putrefaction--by the determination and generalisation of according analytical signals. The paper outlines on the background of Systematic Toxicological Analysis how far a systematic thanatochemical concept should be considered more closely for the futural more effective analytical elimination of such matrix effects.

Extracellular Matrix↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a two-phase oil-water mouthwash on halitosis.

Many oral microorganisms possess hydrophobic outer surfaces. A two-phase, oil-water mouthwash has, therefore, recently been developed to remove such oral microorganisms. The oil phase consists of olive oil and other essential oils. The aqueous phase includes cetylpyridinium chloride, which is a disinfectant that promotes the adhesion of microorganisms to oil droplets. This study determined the effects of this mouthwash on the production of volatile sulfide in vivo and in vitro. Neither rinsing with water nor brushing teeth decreased the concentration of sulfide in mouth air at 3.5 h after treatment. A reduction of only 30% of sulfide was observed when a commercial mouthwash was used. However, this study demonstrated that use of the two-phase mouthwash led to approximately 80% reduction of sulfide. Furthermore, volatile sulfide and 2-ketobutyrate productions from methionine in a saliva putrefaction system were completely inhibited by the two-phase mouthwash; and consumption of methionine was decreased by 65 percent. It is concluded that the two-phase mouthwash strongly inhibits the production of volatile sulfide.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Francis Bacon on the origin and preservation of life: theory and experiments].

The paper analyses Bacon's views of life, as contained in De Sapientia Veterum, Historia vitae et mortis, and in a newly published manuscript, entitled De vijs mortis. Bacon saw the prolongation of life as one of the main goals of science and medicine, According to him, life is the result of the action of spirits on matter. In order to preserve life, it is necessary to investigate various kinds of generation, notably, those which occurr without seeds. The study of putrefaction is also crucial for the prolongation of life.

England↗

PubMed2004

Interpretation of postmortem change in cadavers in Spain.

Estimating time since death is especially difficult in the examination of poorly preserved cadavers and depends on the experience of the examiner and comparison with previously documented cases showing similar characteristics. The present study reports on information obtained over the past ten years through the work of the Laboratorio de Antropología y Odontología Forense (LAF) of the Instituto Anatómico Forense de Madrid, Spain, in particular evaluating how the type of fracture influences postmortem change. From the original 225 forensic cases examined between 1992 and 2002 in the LAF, a sample of 29 cases were selected from various regions of the Spanish mainland. A data collection protocol was established to reflect factors which the existing specialized literature, documenting the relation existing in the sample analyzed between time since death and the extent of postmortem change, which in the environments examined are distributed into the following phases: Phase 1 (putrefaction): one week to one month on the surface and two months in water. Phase 2 (initial skeletonization): two months on the surface and five to six months in water. Phase 3 (advanced skeltonization): six months to 1.5 years on the surface and 2.5 years buried. Phase 4 (complete skeletonization): about one year on the surface and three years buried. This paper also provide useful information on the impact of carrion insect activity, location, climate, seasonality, and predator.

Cadaver↗

PubMed2005

[Sex identification from DNA in old teeth].

The sex determination was carried out on 80 fresh and 15 old teeth by amplifying sex chromosome specific sequences with the polymerase chain reaction. The DNA content in the tooth significantly decreases with aging. There was no correlation between days after evulsion and the amounts of DNA extracted from fresh teeth that had been preserved less than 186 days. The sex determination based on fresh teeth was successful using multi locus markers, DYZ-1 and DYZ-3 in combination with DXZ-1. However, amelogenin and pseudoautosomal boundary, both that are single locus markers and specific for both sex chromosomes with different lengths, could not be detected in three samples, of which DNA contents were extremely low. However, the sex determination by amelogenin amplified with fluorescent probes was possible in these three samples. We also determined sexes of 30 old specimens (15 teeth and 15 bones) from 15 human skulls using sex chromosomes locus markers. Prior to molecular sex determination, two forensic specialists determined the sex of the skull morphologically. From the 15 skulls, sex identification using multi locus marker (DYZ-1 or DYZ-3) was possible for 12 of 15 teeth and 7 of 15 bones. The sex was successfully determined from 11 teeth and 9 bones by amplification of the amelogenin locus. However, the coincidence rate of the molecular test with morphological examination was < 20%. In conclusion, sex determination on the fresh tooth would be successful using any sex chromosome marker. However, in cases on samples that have spent considerable years in the ground, pollution and putrefaction, especially, by humicolous, must be considered. Thus, sex determination by DNA testing should be regarded as accurate, when the results from two or more molecular markers are coincident. Hokkaido J Med Sci 80(2), 191-199, 2005

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

After the Indian Ocean tsunami: Singapore's contribution to the international disaster victim identification effort in Thailand.

This paper describes the international disaster victim identification (DVI) response mounted in Thailand, with particular reference to Singapore's contribution to this process, in the wake of the Asian tsunami of 26 December, 2004, which devastated parts of more than 10 countries in and around the Indian Ocean and claimed more than 200,000 lives. Although Singapore was unscathed by this natural calamity, over 30 Singaporean visitors were counted amongst the thousands of deceased victims, mostly in Thailand. The systematic application of forensic pathology, forensic dentistry, DNA profiling, and fingerprinting to human identification, especially of the bodies of various nationalities that were in advanced states of putrefaction, was crucial to the entire DVI process. The authors perceive that the resource implications arising from such a disaster, which is unprecedented in both its scale and reach in the international history of DVI, are immense. Forward planning, adequate funding and international cooperation are essential to mounting an effective response to any major mass disaster of the future.

Bayes Theorem↗

PubMed2005

[ABO blood group typing in forensic autopsies].

In forensic science and medicine the ABO system has been a major focus, since the record of this blood system is a very prevalent one and A, B and O(H) antigens on erythrocytes are also associated with other cells and tissues throughout the body and are known to be considerably stable to the such violent conditions as heating or drying. However the determination of the ABO grouping from the body often encounters the difficulty due to haemolytic erythrocytes, and putrefaction, mummification or skeletonization of the body during post-mortem interval. In this presentation I review the merit and demerits of the ABO blood-grouping methods utilized in my division at the forensic autopsies according to the haemagglutination, absorption-elution and histochemical techniques and ABO genotyping method. It is important for ABO grouping to know the distribution of the ABO antigen in the body. I would like to emphasize that the species identification prior to ABO grouping is an important procedure because forensic materials such as from saliva, urine and seminal fluid might be contaminated with the fluid from animals, and DNA extracted from vertebrate species might be amplified with the primer for ABO genotyping and the amplified PCR products might be hybridized to those from human.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed2005

[Experience of pediatric application of bifidumbacterin multi, a biologically active food supplement].

The article is dedicated to a clinical trial of Bifidumbacterin Multi-1, a biologically active food supplement (BAFS) for children aged 0 to 3 years. The study showed that application of BAFS in children with intestinal dysbiosis helped to cope with the symptoms of alimentary disturbances, promoted improvement of body mass index, increase of hemoglobin end erythrocyte level, suppression of zymotic and putrefactive dyspepsia, decrease of inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, elimination of bibidobacterial deficit, and reduction of conditionally pathogenic microflora. Bifidumbacterin Multi-1 was well tolerated and highly effective according to clinical and laboratory data. This preparation may be recommended as a component of complex therapy in children aged 0 to 3 years old.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed2006

Bodies recovered from wells, sewerage systems and pits: what is the cause of death?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the problems encountered during investigations into causes of death in corpses found in wells, sewer systems and pits, and to seek solutions to the problems. In fact, wells, sewer systems and pits have some common characteristics which may cause the problems. They contain water, have a hypoxic/anoxic environment and prevent corpses from being recognised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the data obtained from the 1st Specialization Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine, affiliated with the Ministry of Justice, we retrospectively reviewed 69 corpses found in wells, sewer systems and pits between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 2002. Data on age, sex, crime scene and causes of death were obtained and evaluated using the SPSS 11.0 package programme. RESULTS: Of 69 cases, 69.1% were male and 33.4% were aged 0 to 10 years. Fifty-eight per cent and 13.1% of the cases were found in wells and sewer systems respectively. Forty-three (62.3%) cases were found in a place with water. However, 34.9% of them had not drowned. The most frequent cause of death was drowning (40.6%). The cause of death was unknown in 18.8% of the cases. 15.9% of the corpses were exhumed to determine the cause of death. Twenty-six cases (37.7%) had signs of putrefaction and the cause of death was not determined in 9 cases. Diatom was investigated in 42.0% of the cases (29 cases), but 17 cases did not have diatom. CONCLUSION: It is a complicated process to determine the causes of death in bodies recovered from wells, pits, water supplies and sewer systems, etc. Thorough forensic investigations are required because death may result from a wide variety of factors, and lesions on the corpses may undergo some changes quickly or can be covered in wells, pits and water supplies. A complete crime scene investigation, a thorough autopsy and histopathological, toxicological and biochemical examinations would prevent potential problems in determining the causes of death in bodies recovered from wells, sewer systems and pits. Almost one-third of the bodies recovered from wells, sewer systems and pits were aged 10 years or younger, which indicates a public health problem. Extra safety precautions will help to solve this problem.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Differential-diagnostic features of clinical development of urogenital mycoplasmosis].

Every year urogenital mycoplasma draws the increasing attention, as serious pathological disease of women of reproductive age. During the urogenital mycoplasmosis, parameters of clinical semiology are expressed more significantly than without this disease. Among women with a reproductive pathology on a background of urogenital mycoplasmosis most often took place pathological discharge with a putrefactive smell, irritation, an itch and burning of genitals. Though frequency of such clinical symptoms as the painful sexual intercourse, pain conceded the pathological discharge. It is established, that during urogenital infections among pregnant women and women with a reproductive pathology the wide scale of specific symptoms are peculiar for the mycoplasmosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

The application of differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis to dating bone remains.

Thirty-four samples of bone remains of known time since death were studied by using DTA, TGA, and derivative-TGA techniques. The DTA patterns enable us to distinguish recent from old (more than 100 years) bones. The TGA curve is also significant for an extreme series. Both DTA and TGA curves show a correlation that allows us to obtain patterns with high significance for the extreme series. They also make evident the decomposition grade that bone organic material undergoes during the postmortem putrefactive process.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The state of preservation of the cadaver of the Marquise of Tai found in the Han Tomb No. 1 in Mawangtui near Changsha as revealed by the fine structure of the muscle and other tissues.

The cadaver in the Han Tomb No. 1 at Mawangtui near Changsha, Human Province, excavated during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and the movement to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, is the remains of the wife of Litsang, the Marquis of Tai, the Chancellor of the principality of Changsha in the early Western Han Dynasty. The cadaver, buried underground for more than 2,100 years, is very well-preserved. The results presented in this paper are a part of the multidisciplinary investigations of the state of preservation of the cadaver, which, together with the studies of the pathological changes and the cause of death, and the attempts at unveiling the secret of preservation, constituted the main objectives of the coordinated research activities for the Han cadaver. This paper describes the fine structure of the muscle and other tissues of the cadaver. By an extensive analysis of the electron micrographs of the psoas muscle, by fractionation of various fragments of the same, and by simulation experiments with fresh human muscle incubated with cathepsins, it is possible to show that the muscle fibril assumes the shape of a bamboo shoot and is made up of a stack of alternate layers of two "half A disks" (one wing of the A cylinder minus the H zone) to one Z disk, held together by remnants of the microfilaments and wrapped up in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The H zone of the A band and the I filaments have preferentially autolyzed. The best preserved portions of the Han muscle still retain antigenicity to a certain extent. The best-preserved of all proteins is collagen, retaining much of the macromolecular, chemical and biochemical characteristics, whereas pancreatic enzymes, cytochrome C and other stable proteins could no longer be detected. The separation of degradative processes into endogenous autolysis and exogenous putrefaction, the synthesis of the factor of macromolecular stability and the factor of autolytic environment, and the disentanglement of the changes occurring soon after death and the long-term gradual changes, have been discussed in an attempt to understand how the corpse changed in the course of time and why it was so well-preserved. The well-preservedness of the cadaver of the Marquise of Tai once again testifies to the creative wisdom of the labouring class of our ancestors.

Cathepsins↗