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PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal detachment in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita.

Retinal detachment is one of the most serious complications of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC). The ocular complication of 12 patients with SEDC was studied. Three patients developed bilateral retinal detachments; five of the six detachments occurred during the period of rapid growth spurt. Our results suggest that patients with SEDC have an increased risk for development of retinal detachment during the period of rapid growth spurt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Retinal detachment after posterior capsulotomy with YAG laser].

BASIS: We studied retinal detachment following YAG laser capsulotomy, to determine risk factors, semiology, management, and prognosis. Material and methods During a period of six years, we observed 24 cases: group A: 19 patients aged between 41 and 75 years (19 eyes); group B: 3 patients aged less than 25 years (5 eyes). RESULTS: The mean time interval between posterior capsulotomy and diagnosis of retinal detachment was 14 months for group A, 21 months for group B. The patients in group B presented a clear tendancy to bilateralization. Retinal detachment was total or subtotal in 25% of the cases. The macula was detached in 58%. We could not identify any retinal lesion in 16% and found suspect zones with no clear evidence of dehiscence in 17%. Anatomic success was achieved in 88% of the cases. The proliferative vitreoretinopathy was the main cause of recurrence. Mean visual acuity of the patients who had a re-attached retina was 4.9/10. Seventy-three per cent of the patients recovered a visual acuity > or = 4/10. CONCLUSION: The clinical characteristics of the post-YAG retinal detachment did not differ from those seen in pseudophakic eyes. Some process may reduce the incidence and improve the prognosis of this type of retinal detachment. Retinal detachment. Retinal detachment in young adults. YAG laser.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Retinal pigment epithelial tear and extensive exudative retinal detachment following blunt trauma.

BACKGROUND: A peripheral retinal pigment epithelial tear and an extensive exudative retinal detachment caused by choroidal leakage from the denuded Bruch's membrane are extremely rare. A peripheral retinal pigment epithelial tear has not been reported in an eye with retinochoroidal folds after blunt ocular trauma. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: The course of a large nasal peripheral retinal pigment epithelial tear that occurred after blunt ocular trauma in a patient with retinochoroidal folds was followed. The inferior retinal detachment caused by leakage from the denuded Bruch's membrane following the development of the tear gradually worsened. Initial treatment with cryotherapy was ineffective, but the retinal detachment eventually resolved after the patient underwent sclerectomy and sclerostomy. CONCLUSION: A large peripheral retinal pigment epithelial tear can occur in patients with retinochoroidal folds following blunt ocular trauma, and extensive retinal detachment can be induced. Sclerectomy and sclerostomy can be beneficial in patients with an extensive exudative retinal detachment caused by choroidal leakage from the denuded Bruch's membrane.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cataract extraction after retinal detachment.

Cataract surgery is a known risk factor for retinal detachment. The risk for retinal redetachment after cataract surgery in eyes that have previously undergone retinal detachment repair is not well documented but has recently been investigated. Eyes that have undergone previous scleral buckling surgery have good potential for positive visual outcome after cataract surgery, with a low rate of intraoperative complications and a low risk for recurrent retinal detachment. Eyes with complicated retinal detachments that have undergone vitrectomy as part of surgical repair may have a higher rate of intraoperative complications, including difficulty with nuclear expression during planned extracapsular cataract extraction and capsular tears during irrigation and aspiration. The risk for recurrent retinal detachment in these eyes is not known.

Cataract↗
PubMed1981

Vitrectomy in complicated retinal detachments.

In this paper complicated traction retinal detachments are discussed in relation to aetiology, techniques of treatment and results of treatment. Complicated traction detachments are caused by pathological vitreous membranes or bands and epiretinal membranes. These membranes are found in the following groups of eyes: aphakia were vitreous loss, penetrating trauma, chronic vitreous inflammation and failed retinal detachments. Patients with extramacular traction detachments are not necessarily treated. Patients with diabetic traction retinal detachment are not included in this series. Of 150 consecutive pars plana vitrectomy operations--34 operations were for complicated traction retinal detachments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Ciliochoroidal Detachment Following Scleral Buckling Surgery for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Purpose and Methods: We observed the peripheral choroid, ciliary body, and depth of the anterior chamber by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in 31 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment before and after scleral buckling surgery. Scleral encircling was performed in 11 eyes and segmental scleral buckling in 20 eyes.Results: With UBM, ciliochoroidal detachment was detected in all eyes (100%) following scleral encircling and in 8 eyes (40.0%) following segmental scleral buckling. After scleral encircling procedure, the eyes with preoperatively bullous and wide retinal detachment showed a severe ciliochoroidal detachment and edema of the ciliary body. Shallowing of the anterior camber occurred in all 11 eyes (100%) after scleral encircling and in 12 of 20 eyes (60.0%) after segmental scleral buckling. Marked shallowing with closure of the angle and elevated intraocular pressure occurred in 2 eyes.Conclusion: The results showed that careful postoperative examinations for the anterior segments, chamber angle, and intraocular pressure are necessary with slit-lamp examination and applanation tonometry after scleral buckling surgery.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

[Retinal detachment in young patients].

We report 48 cases of retinal detachment in 39 patients under the age of 20. These cases represent 12.6% of all retinal detachment cases. They are characterized by their numerous etiologies mainly traumatic (36%) and congenital detachment (36%). They are also characterized by delayed diagnosis (4 months), frequency of macula involvement (92%) and the large area of detachment (total retinal detachment in 48%). Thirty-six out of the 48 eyes were operated on. Surgical treatment consisted in episcleral surgery in 65% of the cases, associated with vitreoretinal surgery in 35% of the cases. Complete anatomic success was achieved in 78.4% of the eyes, localized retinal detachment without macula involvement remained in 5.4% of the cases. Vision between 1/20 and 2/10 was obtained in 41% of the eyes, and superior or equal to 2/10 in 24% of the eyes. These results depended mainly on the aetiology. In conclusion, we obtained good recuperation in operated cases of juvenile retinal detachment even in delayed diagnosis cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Spontaneous resolution of retinal detachment occurring after macular hole surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To document the spontaneous resolution of retinal detachment developing after macular hole surgery. METHODS: We identified all patients who developed a postoperative retinal detachment after undergoing macular hole surgery at Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; the surgery was performed by one of us (L.V.D.P. or H.J.K.) between 1991 and 1996. RESULTS: Six of 73 eyes developed a postoperative retinal detachment; the retinal detachment was inferior in all cases. Two eyes that had inferior retinal breaks underwent further surgery to repair the retinal detachment. Retinal breaks could not be identified in the other 4 eyes; the retinal detachment resolved without further surgery in all 4 of these eyes. CONCLUSION: The recognition that retinal detachment occurring after macular hole surgery can resolve without additional surgery may result in the avoidance of further surgical intervention in some eyes.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Retrobulbar optic neuritis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a fourteen-year-old girl with retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento.

A 14-year-old girl complained of a sudden decrease in right visual acuity. The patient had night blindness, a mottled retina but no pigments, extinguished scotopic electroretinographic response, central scotoma in the right eye and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. She had initially received laser photocoagulation around the retinal tear and then corticosteroid therapy, cryoretinopexy and segmental buckling. Her right visual acuity increased to 1.0. The association of retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento, retrobulbar optic neuritis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, as demonstrated in our patient, may be uncommon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Update on a long-term, prospective study of capsulotomy and retinal detachment rates after cataract surgery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the retinal detachment risks and neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy rates associated with different cataract approaches and intraocular lens (IOL) styles in a long-term,prospective clinical study. SETTING: Clinical practice of 1 ophthalmologist, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. METHODS: Prospectively studied were surgical approach, date, and complications; IOL type; axial length; patient age and sex; Nd:YAG capsulotomy and date; and retinal detachment and date. RESULTS: Phacoemulsification had a lower risk of retinal detachment than intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) (0.4% versus 5.4%; P <.001) and extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) (0.4% versus 1.6%; P =. 002). Although retinal detachment was significantly associated with Nd:YAG for ECCE (3.1% versus 1.0%; P =.01), no patient in the phacoemulsification group had a retinal detachment after an Nd:YAG treatment. Retinal detachment was strongly associated with axial length of 24.0 mm and greater (P <.001), age of 60 years or less if axial length was 24.0 mm or greater (for ECCE, P =.001; for phacoemulsification, P =.01) and sex; that is, male (for ECCE, P =. 04; for phacoemulsification, P =.02). Regarding IOL styles the Surgidev B20/20 (P <.001) and AcrySof MA60 (P <.001) had significantly lower Nd:YAG rates, while the Cilco UPB 320 GS had a significantly higher Nd:YAG rate (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgical approach and IOL style significantly affect Nd:YAG and retinal detachment rates. Being a man, being 60 years or younger, and especially having an axial length of 24.0 mm or greater were associated with detachment. Some Nd:YAG approaches may not put the patient at increased risk for retinal detachment.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed2005

Intraocular lens implantation after atopic cataract surgery decreases incidence of postoperative retinal detachment.

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in reducing the incidence of postoperative retinal detachment after cataract surgery in patients with atopic dermatitis. DESIGN: Retrospective review. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-nine eyes of 126 patients who underwent cataract surgery for atopic cataract were followed for more than 1 year. None of the eyes previously had a retinal detachment or retinal detachment surgery. METHODS: The eyes were divided into 132 eyes of 95 patients with an IOL implantation (IOL group) and 37 eyes of 31 patients without an IOL implantation (aphakia group). The postoperative visual acuity and incidence of postoperative retinal detachment were compared between the 2 groups. The effects of the location of the causative retinal breaks, intraoperative posterior capsule rupture, and postoperative posterior capsulotomy on the incidence of retinal detachments were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The postoperative corrected visual acuity, incidence of postoperative retinal detachment, and influence of intraoperative posterior capsule rupture on the retinal detachment. RESULTS: The final visual acuity was better than or equal to 20/20 in 128 eyes (97.0%) of the IOL group and in 29 eyes (78.4%) of the aphakia group (P = 0.0007). Retinal detachment after an uncomplicated cataract surgery occurred in 3 eyes (2.3%) of the IOL group and in 8 eyes (25.8%) of the aphakia group (P<0.0001, Mantel-Cox). Two of 3 eyes (66.7%) in the IOL group and 1 of 8 eyes (16.7%) in the aphakia group that later developed a retinal detachment had an intraoperative posterior capsule rupture. Posterior capsulotomy by yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser did not seem to alter the incidence of postoperative retinal detachment in either the IOL (2.0%) or the aphakia group (25.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of postoperative retinal detachment in eyes with IOL and no intraoperative posterior capsule rupture seems to be low. Intraocular lens implantation with capsular bag fixation may reduce the incidence of postoperative retinal detachment triggered by lens surgery for atopic cataract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Retinal detachment and pathology following experimental embolization of choroidal and retinal circulation.

By means of a micro-surgical technique, the central retinal artery of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) was embolized with spheric plastic beads (7-25 mu in diameter). Beads (4-15 mu) were also injected into choroidal capillaries through a supero-temporal vortex vein. Choroidal ischemia induced proliferation or degerneration of the pigment epithelium, frequently accompanied by photoreceptor degeneration and circumscribed retinal detachment. Occlusion of retinal vessels resulted in posterior vitreous detachment and micro-cystoid degeneration in inner retinal layers, followed by retinal schisis. In combined retinal and choroidal ischemia long-lasting retinal detachments regularly developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of normal childbirth on eyes with abnormalities predisposing to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women who have high myopia, a history of retinal detachment or retinal holes, or have known lattice degeneration are frequently referred to an ophthalmologist for advice concerning the management of pregnancy and labor, i.e. whether a spontaneous vaginal delivery can be allowed and whether prophylaxis for high-risk retinal pathology is indicated. Many obstetricians still believe that pregnant women with ocular abnormalities predisposing to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment should have an instrumental delivery, and a few even advocate cesarian section. Very little has been written about the management of pregnant women with high-risk retinal pathology, and opinions differ considerably. Patient data on this subject are scarce. METHODS: We studied 10 women who had 19 deliveries (10 prospective and 9 retrospective) and who had a history of retinal detachment, had been diagnosed as having extensive lattice degeneration, or had been treated for symptomatic retinal holes or breaks. The women were followed from the third trimester of pregnancy through labor and delivery into the postpartum period, looking for changes in the retinal status. RESULTS: We found no changes in the retinal status in the postpartum examination. CONCLUSION: We conclude that prenatal treatment of asymptomatic retinal pathology is not indicated and that spontaneous vaginal delivery may be allowed to take place in women with high-risk retinal pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Retinal detachment surgery in Marfan's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Retinal detachment is a known complication of Marfan's syndrome. The literature is scarce on the results of surgery in these cases. PURPOSE: To determine the functional and anatomic outcome of retinal detachment surgery in Marfan's syndrome. METHOD: Retrospective review of charts of Marfan's syndrome patients who had retinal detachment surgery at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital between 1983 and 1995. RESULTS: Fourteen patients with 16 surgically treated eyes were identified. Retinal detachment was bilateral in 9/13 (69%) patients. The lens was ectopic in all eyes. Retinal breaks were small horseshoe tears or holes located anterior to the equator in 11/16 (69%) eyes. The retina of 12/16 (75%) eyes remained successfully reattached after a follow-up ranging from 4 to 132 months. All 12 eyes had visual acuity of 20/300 or better (range, 20/30-20/300). Eight of these eyes had visual acuity of 20/125 or better. The cause of failure in the remaining four eyes was proliferative vitreoretinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Results of surgical repair of retinal detachment in Marfan's syndrome were better than previously thought. Bilaterality of detachment is extremely high, which justifies considering prophylactic treatment of the fellow eye in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiologic characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Kumamoto, Japan.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Asians is not well known. We studied the epidemiologic characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Kumamoto, Japan. METHODS: The study was based on a retrospective chart review of hospital patients who were treated for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 1990. The data were collected from seven hospitals in the Kumamoto area. RESULTS: From a population of 1 840 000, 192 residents developed retinal detachment. The annual incidence was therefore 10.4 per 100 000 population (9.6 for males, 11.2 for females). The incidences of three types of detachment-nontraumatic phakic, aphakic, and blunt trauma--were 9.8, 0.5 and 0.2 per 100 000 population, respectively. In 109 of 180 patients (60.6%) with nontraumatic phakic detachment, retinal breaks were associated with lattice degeneration. In females, 14 of 106 nontraumatic phakic cases (13.2%) were secondary to macular holes. CONCLUSION: Compared with previously published studies from other countries, the incidence of detachments associated with lattice degeneration and macular hole was higher, while the incidences of aphakic detachment and detachment due to blunt trauma were lower in Japan. Racial factors and living habits may affect the development of retinal detachment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Artephakic retinal detachment].

The authors investigated the incidence of retinal detachment from a total of 3,802 artephakic eyes in which between September 1988 and June 1993, an intraocular lens was implanted at the First Eye Clinic in Prague. Detachment of the retina occurred in 10 eyes, 9 patients (0.3%). Risk factors for detachment of the retina were loss of the vitreous body during extraction of the cataract, a previous injury, myopia and YAG capsulotomy. Cryosurgery was selected in 76.9%, pars plana vitrectomy with an internal tamponade using silicon oil in 15.4% of the eyes. The retina attached in 92.3%, the visual acuity improved, as compared with the condition before operation of the detached retina, in 58.4% of successfully operated patients. Extracapsular extraction of the lens with implantation of an intraocular lens significantly reduced the incidence of retinal detachment. The prognosis of artephakic retinal detachment is comparable with the prognosis of aphakic retinal detachment.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical risk factors of vitreoretinal proliferations in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment].

PVR is a complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment which can occur only in predisposed eyes. Preoperative PVR and postoperative PVR can develop solely in retinal detachments associated with retinal breaks related to vitreous traction (horse-shoe tears, operculated tears, crescent tears and paravascular tears of the postequatorial region). PVR never develops in retinal detachments due to retinogenic retinal breaks (atrophic holes in lattice, and oral dialysis). There are 3 independent risk factors for postoperative PVR whose role has been demonstrated: preoperative PVR, horse-shoe tears extending on 90 degrees or more of the eye circumference, and horse-shoe tears with a curled and fixed posterior edge. The role of preoperative choroidal detachment as an independent risk factor, although likely, remains to be demonstrated. Cryotreatment is a risk factor for postoperative PVR solely in predisposed eyes. An alternative method to cryo should be used in high risk eyes.

Eye Diseases↗