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PubMed1999

Knowledge, risk perception of AIDS and reported sexual behaviour among students in secondary schools and colleges in Tanzania.

A questionnaire survey was carried out among 1041 students in secondary schools and colleges in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania to evaluate the relationship between HIV-risky sexual behaviour and anti-condom bias, as well as with AIDS-related information, knowledge, perceptions and attitudes. Self-reportedly, 54% of students (75% of the boys and 40% of the girls) were sexually active, 39% had a regular sexual partner and 13% had multiple partners in the previous year. The condom use rate was higher than previous reports. However, 30% of sexually active respondents did not always use condoms (Risk-1 behaviour) and 35% of those with multiple partners in the previous year did not always use condoms (Risk-2 behaviour). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that 'sex partner hates condom' had association with both Risk-1 behaviour (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.85) and Risk-2 behaviour (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.10-5.48). 'Use of condom prevents HIV infection' also had association with both Risk-1 behaviour (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.19-3.67) and Risk-2 behaviour (OR 3.73; 95% CI 1.28-11.03). Students engaging in risky behaviour were aware of the risk, even though they failed to change their behaviour. Reasons for the AIDS epidemic among Tanzanian students and the importance of more effective AIDS education are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Homeless drug users' awareness and risk perception of peer "take home naloxone" use--a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Peer use of take home naloxone has the potential to reduce drug related deaths. There appears to be a paucity of research amongst homeless drug users on the topic. This study explores the acceptability and potential risk of peer use of naloxone amongst homeless drug users. From the findings the most feasible model for future treatment provision is suggested. METHODS: In depth face-to-face interviews conducted in one primary care centre and two voluntary organisation centres providing services to homeless drug users in a large UK cosmopolitan city. Interviews recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically by framework techniques. RESULTS: Homeless people recognise signs of a heroin overdose and many are prepared to take responsibility to give naloxone, providing prior training and support is provided. Previous reports of the theoretical potential for abuse and malicious use may have been overplayed. CONCLUSION: There is insufficient evidence to recommend providing "over the counter" take home naloxone" to UK homeless injecting drug users. However a programme of peer use of take home naloxone amongst homeless drug users could be feasible providing prior training is provided. Peer education within a health promotion framework will optimise success as current professionally led health promotion initiatives are failing to have a positive impact amongst homeless drug users.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

HIV risk perception and prevalence in a program for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: comparison of women who accept voluntary counseling and testing and those tested anonymously.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether data from voluntary counseling and testing (VCT)/prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs can be used for HIV surveillance. METHODS: Women attending an antenatal clinic at the district hospital in Entebbe, Uganda, from May 2002 to April 2003 were offered counseling and HIV testing with same-day results (VCT) and nevirapine for PMTCT was provided for HIV-positive women and their babies. Those who declined VCT were tested for HIV anonymously. RESULTS: Overall, 2635 women accepted VCT; 883 were tested anonymously. HIV prevalence was higher in VCT than in anonymously tested women in the first month of the program (20% vs. 11%, P=0.05) and in months with <70% VCT uptake (17% vs. 8%, P<0.001) but was similar in months with high uptake. Uptake of VCT was higher in women who had risk factors for HIV, especially those who believed themselves to have been exposed (84% vs. 73%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: There was a bias to accepting VCT in women with HIV, or risk factors for HIV infection, the former most apparent when there was low coverage. Data from VCT/PMTCT programs cannot replace anonymous surveillance for monitoring of HIV epidemic trends where coverage is incomplete within clinics or communities.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The perception of risk and the attitude towards contraception in women with a high-risk pregnancy].

The purpose of the present project is to identify attitudes towards contraceptive use, and the risk perception of a future pregnancy and its influence on being in favor of the use of contraceptives. Seven hundred and twenty interviews were collected from women waiting for their prenatal visit at a tertiary level institution in Mexico City. Ninety percent of the interviewed presented a positive attitude towards postpartum contraceptive use. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age 20-24 years [odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-10.9, p = .010] and 25-29 years (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.3-9.0, p = .014); educational level of junior high (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2-5.6, p = .018); and high school or more (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.4, p = .044); marital status with partner (OR 7.0 95% CI 3.2-15.5, p < .001); and desire for no more children (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.6-6.9, p = .001), increased the possibility of having a positive attitude towards contraceptive use, while abortion at last pregnancy avoided it (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.5E-01-0.5, p = .003). Fifty six percent perceived the risk of a future pregnancy. Nonetheless, it did not affect on having a favorable opinion towards family planning. Primary prevention of high risk pregnancies is one of the biggest challenges in perinatal health, future efforts must include identification and modification of risk perception and attitudes towards reproductive risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Predictive testing for BRCA1/2: attributes, risk perception and management in a multi-centre clinical cohort.

The aim of this multi-centre UK study is to examine the attributes of a cohort offered predictive genetic testing for breast/ovarian cancer predisposition. Participants are adults unaffected with cancer from families with a known BRCA1/2 mutation. This is the first large multi-centre study of this population in the UK. The study evaluates mental health, perceived risk of developing cancer, preferred risk management options, and motivation for genetic testing. Participants were assessed when coming forward for genetic counselling prior to proceeding to genetic testing. Three hundred and twelve individuals, 76% of whom are female, from nine UK centres participated in the study. There are no gender differences in rates of psychiatric morbidity. Younger women (<50 years) are more worried about developing cancer than older women. Few women provide accurate figures for the population risk of breast (37%) or ovarian (6%) cancer but most think that they are at higher risk of developing breast (88%) and ovarian (69%) cancer than the average woman. Cancer related worry is not associated with perceived risk or uptake of risk management options except breast self-examination. The findings indicate that younger women may be particularly vulnerable at the time of the offer of a predictive genetic test.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Perception of risk and subjective health among victims of the Chernobyl disaster.

Several studies have demonstrated that the nuclear power plant accident at Chernobyl in 1986 had a strong impact on the subjective health of the inhabitants in the surrounding regions and that the majority of these health complaints appear to be stress-related. An epidemiological survey among the adult population of the Gomel region in Belarus near Chernobyl showed higher rates of self-reported health problems, psychological distress and medical service use in this region than in a comparable unexposed region. This paper presents an analysis of data on cognitive factors that were collected in this study. The findings support the hypothesis that cognitive variables such as risk perception and sense of control play an important role as mediating factors in the explanation of the observed health differences between the exposed and non-exposed regions. A tentative model is presented to further clarify the role of risk perception in the occurrence of non-specific health complaints after such ecological disasters.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Determinants of gonorrhoea infection among STD clinic attenders in Trinidad--I: sociodemographic factors, knowledge, risk perception and history of STD.

We determined the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and describe sociodemographic factors, knowledge and sexually transmitted disease (STD) history associated with gonococcal infection among 991 STD clinic attenders in Trinidad, West Indies (WI). The prevalence of gonorrhoea was 25%. Predictors for gonorrhoea were: male gender (odds ratios [OR] 3.5), age 15-19 (OR 2.5) and 20-29 years (OR 2.1), unawareness of the term STD (OR 1.5), self-perceived risk for STDs (OR 1.7) and no history of syphilis (OR 2.0). When the data were analysed by gender, significant associations were identified between gonococcal infection and age <30 years, single status, and self-perceived risk for STDs for males. Among females, significant associations existed between gonorrhoea and age <30 years, and unawareness of the term STD. This study is novel in describing sociodemographic characteristics of STD clinic attenders, and risk markers associated with gonococcal infection in Trinidad.

Adolescent↗