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PubMed1987

Salivary gland changes in disease.

Ultrastructural alterations occurring in human salivary glands as a result of a variety of diseases are described. Major changes in these organs in cases of cystic fibrosis are probably the result of duct blockage, as indicated by study of chronically inflamed salivary glands. A new disease of salivary glands is reported in which parotid serous granules are distorted by bundles of fine filaments, which may be due to the untoward polymerization of a secretory protein, perhaps proline-rich protein. Finally, a clear-cell adenocarcinoma of palatine gland origin is described in which the nuclei display complex pseudoinclusions and the cytoplasm contains numerous herpes-type viruses.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Salivary gland scintigraphy--a suitable substitute for sialography?

By comparing 27 patients who had both scintigraphy and sialography in the assessment of salivary gland disease, scintigraphy has been shown to correlate well with abnormal sialograms. It is suggested that scintigraphy could become the initial screening procedure in the assessment of salivary gland disease. A normal scintiscan is unlikely to miss significant pathology (as demonstrated by sialography), but sialography must always be performed if there is a suspicion of duct obstruction on scintigraphy. Patients suspected of focal salivary gland pathology such as tumour have not been investigated. The series documents the findings in patients who presented with facial pain, swelling or xerostomia suggesting sialadenitis, duct occlusion or Sjögren's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. Clinical and immunogenetic features in 35 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological, clinical, serological and immunogenetic features of the diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS). DESIGN: Consecutive series of 35 patients with DILS diagnosed from 1992 to 1995 in a cohort of 4100 outpatients infected with HIV-1. METHODS: Thirty-five individuals with DILS were ascertained from this cohort and followed for 720 patient-months. Clinical, serological and immunogenetic features of these patients were studied and their demographics were compared with the rest of the outpatient population. RESULTS: DILS was found to be more prevalent in African Americans (60%) than in Caucasians (26%) or Mexican Americans (14%) [odds ratio (OR), 2.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1-12-4.81; P = 0.02] and in persons with male-to-male transmission of HIV-1 (71%) (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.29-6.29; P = 0.007). All patients had bilateral parotid gland enlargement. The majority had sicca symptoms. The most common extraglandular sites of disease were lung (31%), muscle (26%), and liver (23%). Four patients had biopsy-proven polymyositis. Thirteen patients met the 1993 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition of AIDS. Sixteen (52%) patients expressed human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRS (DRB1*1102), DR6 (DRB1*1301, *1302), or DR7, and 11 (36%) expressed HLA-DR2. CONCLUSIONS: DILS is more common in African Americans and in persons with male-to-male transmission of HIV-1. HIV-associated polymyositis appears to occur in the setting of DILS.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathohistological findings in palatine glands in autopsy and biopsy material].

Histological examinations of the palatine glands were performed in 100 postmortem cases and 65 biopsies of outpatients. These data were related to personal characteristics, such as age, sex, denture-wearing and certain primary diseases. The histological results of the postmortem material were found to be only partly comparable to those of the biopsy specimens. The pathohistological findings in the parenchyma of the outpatients proved to be less pronounced in the individual groups than those of the postmortem cases. An evaluation of the postmortem findings showed inflammatory, ectatic and metaplastic alterations of the ducts as well as atrophies and inflammations of the parenchyma, particularly in baseplate denture wearers and with increasing age. In persons under 65 the tissue irritation caused by baseplate dentures resulted in increased gland and duct alterations. In the dead above 65 the difference between age-dependent and denture-induced alterations of the parenchyma was statistically immaterial.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Where does serum amylase come from and where does it go?

The serum amylase concentration reflects the balance between the rates of amylase entry into and removal from the blood. Hyperamylasemia can result either from an increased rate of entry of amylase into the circulation and/or a decreased metabolic clearance of this enzyme. The pancreas and salivary glands have amylase concentrations that are several orders of magnitude greater than that of any other normal tissue, and these two organs probably account for almost all of the serum amylase activity in normal persons. A variety of techniques are now available to distinguish pancreatic from salivary-type isoamylase. Pancreatic hyperamylasemia results from an insult to the pancreas, ranging from trivial (cannulation of the pancreatic duct) to severe (pancreatitis). In addition, loss of bowel integrity (infarction or perforation) causes pancreatic hyperamylasemia due to absorption of amylase from the intestinal lumen. Hyperamylasemia due to salivary-type isoamylase is observed in conditions involving the salivary glands. In addition, this type of hyperamylasemia occurs in conditions in which there is no clinical evidence of salivary gland disease, such as chronic alcoholism, postoperative states (particularly postcoronary bypass), lactic acidosis, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, and malignant neoplasms that secrete amylase. Hyperamylasemia can also result from decreased metabolic clearance of amylase due to renal failure or macroamylasemia (a condition in which an abnormally high-molecular-weight amylase is present in the serum). Patients with abdominal pain and a markedly elevated serum amylase (more than three times the upper limit of normal) usually have acute pancreatitis, and additional serum enzyme testing is not helpful. Patients with smaller elevations of serum amylase often have conditions other than pancreatitis, and measurement of a serum enzyme more specific for the pancreas (pancreatitic isoamylase, lipase or trypsin) is frequently of diagnostic value in such patients.

Amylases↗
PubMed1974

Xerosialography.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1987

Oral sialocysts.

Epithelial-lined sialocysts of the minor oral salivary glands are rare when compared with the common mucous retention phenomenon or mucocele. One hundred twenty cases are reported and segregated into three distinct subtypes on the basis of clinicopathologic features. The true mucous retention cyst was most prevalent, occurring in patients older than 20 years, with no sex predilection. The floor of the mouth was the most common site. Reactive oncocytoid cysts arose in elderly patients and were more common among women. The buccal mucosa-mandibular vestibule was the favored site. Mucopapillary cysts are rare and may be confused histologically with low-grade mucoepidermoid tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Magnetic resonance imaging of the salivary glands. A comparison with computed tomographic scanning.

A variety of diagnostic imaging techniques are currently available for the investigation of parotid gland disorders. At this time, for the investigation of mass lesions, computed tomography is the most valuable. Over the past several years, we have been comparing magnetic resonance imaging with computed tomographic scanning of our parotid gland lesions to evaluate the relative merits of both systems. This current study illustrates our current experience and shows the relative strengths and weaknesses of both methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Salivary gland lesions with a prominent lymphoid component: cytologic findings and differential diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is an accepted technique for the preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland nodules. The majority of salivary gland nodules are pleomorphic adenomas and offer little difficulty in diagnosis. Most diagnostically difficult lesions fall into one of four morphologic categories represented by squamous-cell-containing lesions, clear cell neoplasms, neoplasms with a prominence of stromal material, and lymphocyte-containing lesions. Herein, we describe our experience with a series of 61 histologically confirmed cases in which the smears contained a prominent or predominant number of lymphocytes. The differential diagnosis is discussed and points of diagnostic aid enumerated.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1999

Utility of fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has been increasingly utilized as a diagnostic tool in evaluating salivary gland masses, primarily to differentiate nonneoplastic from neoplastic lesions. Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) frequently present with salivary gland lesions. In this study, we reviewed the cytology of salivary gland lesions in HIV-infected patients and assessed the value of FNA in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions in HIV-infected patients. One hundred and three FNAs of salivary gland lesions from 78 HIV-infected patients (63 males and 15 females) were included in our study. The patients' ages ranged from 7-65 yr, with a mean age of 40.9 yr. FNAs were classified into three categories: benign lymphoepithelial lesions (BLL) (77 cases or 74.8%), inflammatory processes (14 cases or 13.6%), including 3 reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, and neoplastic lesions (6 cases or 5.8%). The latter included three malignant lymphomas, a multiple myeloma, a metastatic adenocarcinoma from a lung primary, and a direct extension of basal-cell carcinoma. Six (5.8%) aspirates were nondiagnostic. No false-positive or false-negative cases were noted during follow-up of these patients. In conclusion, FNA is a simple and cost-effective procedure for the diagnosis of HIV-related salivary gland lesions. The majority of these lesions are cystic BLL and can be managed conservatively. Malignant lesions are rarely encountered and are readily recognized by FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:260-264.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Glycosaminoglycan-synthetic activity of pleomorphic adenoma. Adenoid cystic carcinoma and nonneoplastic tubuloacinar cells of the salivary gland.

An analysis was carried out on glycosaminoglycan produced in pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, sialadenitis and normal tissue of the salivary gland. After incubation of the tissue segments in a medium containing 35SO4, a radioautograph of the tissue section was made to observe the localization of 35SO4 incorporation, and 35S-labelled materials were purified from the tissues, and analyzed. High 35S-radioactivity was observed in the ductal cells of the inflammatory gland tissue and in the acinar cells of normal palatinal gland, but little radioactivity was observed in the interstitial components in these tissues, and the amount of 35SO4 incorporated in the tumor cells was also significant. Eighty to 90% of the 35S-radioactivity incorporated could be detected as 35S-glycosaminoglycans in all tissues except for the normal palatinal gland, which contained a large amount of 35S-sulfated glycoprotein. No significant difference in the synthetic activity of 35S-glycosaminoglycans and in their components were observed between nonneoplastic and neoplastic cells. These results suggest that glycosaminoglycan-producing cells in pleomorphic adenoma as well as in adenoid cystic carcinoma are derived from the tubuloacinar cells of the salivary gland.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2005

Algorithm for cytological diagnosis of nonneoplastic lesions of the salivary glands.

The aim of this study was to formulate an algorithm for the cytologic diagnosis of nonneoplastic enlargements of the salivary gland.Smear cellularity and cytological features such as presence of epithelial cells and types of inflammation were assessed in a retrospective study of 201 aspirates. One hundred and forty-six were inflammatory, 19 were noninflammatory nonneoplastic, and 36 were cystic lesions. Of the cystic lesions, cytological evidence of retention cyst was seen in seven, while two aspirates with only hemosiderin-laden macrophages were hematomas. The remaining 27 defied subclassification. Noninflammatorynonneoplastic lesions included 5 fatty infiltrations, 2 sialadenosis, and 12 normal salivary glands. Forty-two lesions were acute inflammations, 89 were chronic, and 15 were granulomatous. Cytomorphologic patterns identified in samples with acute inflammation were 9 abscesses, 29 acute obstructive sialadenitis, and 4 acute infective sialadenitis. Three aspirates with chronic inflammation were lymphoepithelial lesions, 82 chronic sialadenitis, and 4 lymph node in salivary gland. Fifteen granulomatous lesions were 10 tuberculosis, 3 sarcoidosis, and 2 foreign body granulomas. Using the proposed algorithmic approach, nonneoplastic salivary gland enlargement could be placed into distinct, clinically relevant diagnostic categories.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

The value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the cytodiagnosis of salivary gland lesions.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed on 195 cases of salivary gland lesions. The smears were technically adequate in 178 cases. Tissue examination was available for subsequent histocytologic correlation in 57 cases. The cytodiagnosis included inflammatory lesions (59) and benign (68) and malignant (51) tumors (total, 119). The accuracy of cytodiagnosis was 87.7% with a sensitivity of 80.9% and a specificity of 94.3%. Exact histologic typing was possible in 61.9% of the malignant tumors. Mucoepidermoid tumors and cellular-atypical pleomorphic adenoma posed difficulties in cytodiagnosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pathology of head and neck tumors: salivary glands, part 4.

Adenoid cystic carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of salivary tissues are more plentiful in minor than in major salivary glands. In the latter, they comprise no more than 10% of tumors. In both sites, however, their clinical course is characterized by local aggressiveness, recurrences, and a relatively torpid and protracted course, eventually leading to death. The clinicopathologic aspects of these two lesions form the major part of this report. Their behavior is contrasted with that of the two other lesions presented: heterotopic salivary tissue, which is seldom the site of neoplasia; and necrotizing sialometaplasia, a self-limited disorder that simulates malignancy both clinically and histopathologically.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Atrophic change of rat salivary gland during adenovirus-induced hyperleptinemia.

Sustained hyperleptinemia in normal rats induced by infusing a recombinant adenovirus containing the rat leptin cDNA (AdCMV-leptin) exhibited a remarkable reduction in food intake (AdCMV-leptin, 9.3 +/- 2.6 vs untreated, 20.6 +/- 1.0 g/day) and ablated body fat without any significant changes in wet weight of liver and left ventricle. In those hyperleptinemic rats, we found a 52% reduction in wet weight of salivary gland compared with that in the pair-fed AdCMV-beta-gal-treated rats, which received a recombinant virus containing the beta-galactosidase gene (AdCMV-beta-gal) and were fed on the same amount of food as had been consumed by the AdCMV-leptin-treated group on the previous day. Microscopic examination with hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that atrophic change was induced in both serous and mucous gland only in the AdCMV-leptin-treated group, but not in the pair-fed controls. Thus, the atrophic changes in hyperleptinemic rats were due to neither a decrease of food intake nor disuse of the salivary gland related with anorexia. Our data suggested that size of the salivary gland was controlled, at lease in part, by "non-anorexic" effect of leptin.

Adenoviridae↗