SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “STRING”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Mindless reading: eye-movement characteristics are similar in scanning letter strings and reading texts.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the oculomotor behavior of readers scanning meaningful and meaningless materials. Four conditions were used--a normal-text-reading control condition, and three experimental conditions in which the amount of linguistic processing was reduced, either by presenting the subjects with repeated letter strings or by asking the subjects to search for a target letter in texts or letter strings. The results show that global eye-movement characteristics (such as saccade size and fixation duration), as well as local characteristics (such as word-skipping rate, landing site, refixation probability, and refixation position), are very similar in the four conditions. The finding that the eyes are capable of generating an autonomous oculomotor scanning strategy in the absence of any linguistic information to process argues in favor of the idea that such predetermined oculomotor strategies might be an important determinant of eye movements in reading.

Attention↗

PubMed1999

Vasa vasorum: another cause of the carotid string sign.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to describe a variant of the carotid string sign that may be associated with a completely occluded vessel and to consider possible pathophysiological mechanisms for this observation. METHODS: Carotid angiography was performed in three patients with suspected carotid stenosis and in a fourth with carotid dissection. Surgery was performed in one of the patients with carotid stenosis. RESULTS: On all angiograms, instead of a single linear or curvilinear contrast "string," either single or multiple serpiginous channels were seen. In one case, such a channel was seen emanating from below the origin of an occluded internal carotid stump, reconstituting the distal portion of the vessel. Surgery revealed a completely occluded lumen with a small intramural vessel bypassing the obstruction. CONCLUSION: We propose that these channels are either atherosclerotically induced neovessels connecting bridging vasa vasorum or recanalized luminal thrombus. We review the literature associated with this subject.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

On approximate string matching of unique oligonucleotides.

The current research considers the approximate string matching search for important subsequences from DNA sequences, which is essential for numerous bioinformatics computation tasks. We tested several approximate string matching algorithms and furthermore developed one for DNA data. Run times of the algorithms are important, since the amount of data is very large.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

Real world performance of approximate string comparators for use in patient matching.

Medical record linkage is becoming increasingly important as clinical data is distributed across independent sources. To improve linkage accuracy we studied different name comparison methods that establish agreement or disagreement between corresponding names. In addition to exact raw name matching and exact phonetic name matching, we tested three approximate string comparators. The approximate comparators included the modified Jaro-Winkler method, the longest common substring, and the Levenshtein edit distance. We also calculated the combined root-mean square of all three. We tested each name comparison method using a deterministic record linkage algorithm. Results were consistent across both hospitals. At a threshold comparator score of 0.8, the Jaro-Winkler comparator achieved the highest linkage sensitivities of 97.4% and 97.7%. The combined root-mean square method achieved sensitivities higher than the Levenshtein edit distance or long-est common substring while sustaining high linkage specificity. Approximate string comparators increase deterministic linkage sensitivity by up to 10% compared to exact match comparisons and represent an accurate method of linking to vital statistics data.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

STR2: a structure to string approach for locating G-box riboswitch shapes in pre-selected genes.

Traditional sequence-based search methods such as BLAST and FASTA can be used to identify sequence similarities. Recently, there is a growing interest in performing RNA shape similarity searches inside selected genes to locate RNA structure motifs that are known to possess functionally important roles. For example, in the newly discovered RNA genetic control elements called "riboswitches", the box domain is known to be highly conserved among various bacterial species in both its nucleotide composition and shape. However, in non-bacterial species, shape conservation is likely to become more important than sequence conservation when searching for riboswitch patterns. For this purpose, we present an approach tailored for detecting RNA shape similarities. We extend the Structure to String (ST R2) method that was initially proposed to locate shape similarities in proteins to identify predicted secondary structures of RNAs. The ST R2 for RNAs is a translation of a secondary structure to a string of characters, after which known sequence-based search algorithms with an efficient implementation are being used. We validate that the ST R2 succeeds to locate G-box riboswitches in prokaryotes, as expected. Subsequently we show running examples when attempting to detect G-box riboswitch candidates in eukaryotes.

Algorithms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Automatic coding of pathologic cancer variables by the search of strings of text in the pathology reports. The experience of the Tuscany Cancer Registry].

The present study evaluates the application of an automatic system for variables coding by means of strings reading in the text of the pathology reports, in the database of the Tuscany Cancer Registry. Incidence data for the years 2000 (n. 6297) and 2001 (n. 6291) for subjects for whom computerised pathology reports were available were included. The system is based on Queries (SQL language) linked to Functions (Visual Basic for Applications) that work on Windows Access. The agreement between original data inputted by the registrars and variables coded by means of automatic reading has been evaluated by means of Cohen's kappa. The following variables were analysed: cancer site (kappa = 0.87 between "manual" and automatic coding, for cases incident in the year 2001), morphology (kappa=0.75), Berg's morphology groups (kappa=0.87), behaviour (kappa=0.70), grading (kappa=0.90), Gleason (kappa=0.90), focality (kappa=0.86), lateralily (kappa=0.36), pT (kappa=0.92), pN (kappa=0.76), pM (kappa=0.28), number of lymph nodes (kappa=0.69), number of positive lymph nodes (kappa=0.70), Breslow thickness (kappa=0.94), Clark level (kappa=0.91), Dukes (kappa=0.74). The system of automatic reading of strings allows to collect a very huge amount of reliable information and its use should be implemented by the Registries.

Catchment Area, Health↗

PubMed1991

Pulling the string: cell cycle regulation during Drosophila development.

The extensive cell proliferation which accompanies the development of multicellular organisms is co-ordinated with other developmental events. Cell cycle progression during embryogenesis is therefore controlled according to developmental stage and developmental fate. In Drosophila, entry into S phase is a constitutive, unregulated event until late in development. Entry into mitosis, however, is the first control point used for differential regulation, and the transcriptionally controlled expression of string (the Drosophila homologue of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc25+) directs the precise patterns of the embryonic cell divisions after the onset of morphogenesis. In contrast to string, cyclin proteins are produced in excess and their rate of accumulation does not regulate the time of mitosis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A purse-string suture for penetrating keratoplasty following radial keratotomy.

As the prevalence of radial keratotomy for myopia increases, more cases are undergoing penetrating keratoplasty. Radial keratotomy incisions are known to show incomplete wound healing. When the radial corneal radial keratotomy incisions are cut by the corneal trephine, the peripheral part of each incision frequently opens, even years after the radial keratotomy surgery. A case is presented that describes the use of a simple purse-string suture to hold the peripheral radial keratotomy incisions closed and stable during penetrating keratoplasty suturing and postoperative healing. The purse-string suture simplifies the corneal transplant surgery, allowing greater precision in suture placement by stabilizing the peripheral cornea.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The "string-sign" in sonographic diagnosis of diamniotic twin pregnancy.

A consistent echogenic line, the "String-sign" resulting from opposed amniotic membranes in diamniotic twin pregnancy as seen at sonography is reported. The string sign is especially useful in the detection of unsuspected twinning in late pregnancy and it should be taken as a definite pointer to multiple pregnancy whenever its presence is established at any stage in pregnancy.

Female↗

PubMed1986

String test for diagnosing giardiasis.

The "string test" permits definitive diagnosis of giardiasis in the physician's office. If giardiasis is present, microscopic examination of the sample of duodenal fluid obtained on the string will reveal Giardia lamblia in the trophozoite stage. Use of this simple test may eliminate some of the difficulties in diagnosing giardiasis.

Giardia↗

PubMed1978

[An atraumatic instrument for the removal of the lost string intra-uterine device (author's transl)].

A less common complication of intra-uterine device contraception is the lost string. Since the intra-uterine devices are more used the problem of the search for lost string intra-uterine devices has increased. An intra-uterine device forceps with a diameter of 2.5 mm. is presented. The instrument can easily be used in office practice. Removal of the device under general anaesthesia after dilation of the cervix with a large instrument can best be avoided.

Female↗

PubMed1995

An appraisal of a 'string test' for the detection of small bowel bacterial overgrowth.

The efficacy of a string test for the detection of small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) was determined by comparison with a sterile endoscopic method for sampling small bowel secretions in 15 subjects investigated for SBBO. Clinical value was found to be limited by poor sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. The string test is not an adequate substitute for oro-duodenal intubation for the detection of SBBO.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Extensive lipidation of a Torpedo cysteine string protein.

Cysteine string proteins are relatively low mass components of synaptic vesicle membranes. Structurally, their primary sequence is distinguished by a remarkable, cysteine-rich motif. Investigations revealed an unprecedented degree of lipidation of these cysteine residues. At least 11 of the 13 cysteines of the Torpedo protein were modified, principally by palmitoyl moieties. This fatty acylation creates a prominent hydrophobic domain flanked by polar amino and carboxyl termini. An amphipathic structure of this type is uniquely suited to mediate events at membrane interfaces. Thus, cysteine string proteins are candidates to participate in exocytotic membrane fusion.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Reconstruction of strings past.

A major use of string-alignment algorithms is to compare macromolecules that are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor to estimate the duration of, or the amount of mutation in, their separate evolution and to infer as much as possible about their most recent common ancestor. Minimum message length encoding, a method of inductive inference, is applied to the string-alignment problem. It leads to an alignment method that averages over all alignments in a weighted fashion. Experiments indicates that this method can recover the actual parameters of evolution with high accuracy and over a wide range of values, whereas the use of a single optimal alignment gives biased results.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1995

String editing analysis of human visual search.

Eye movement (EM) data were recorded for human subjects performing a visual search task in a stereoscopic computer-generated three-dimensional scene. Each experimental run consisted of six presentations: three different object placements on a common background (quasi-natural scene) were used and one of the placements was repeated three additional times. Raw EM searchpath data were linearized, fixation points were defined via a fixation algorithm and, finally, strings of fixation region labels were obtained based upon a priori regionalization schemes. Use of string editing techniques allowed quantitative comparison of the similarity of various searchpaths. Analysis of the similarity of searchpaths for each subject, as well as across subjects, led us to conclude that presentation of repeated object placements caused each subject to develop a partly self-consistent, but idiosyncratic searchpath based upon a spatial model for that placement pattern.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1988

Willem Einthoven--the man. The string galvanometer electrocardiograph.

Despite the universal use of the electrocardiogram for cardiac evaluation, surprisingly few physicians are aware of the individual, Willem Einthoven, who in 1901 reported and in 1924 received the Nobel Prize for the development of the string galvanometer electrocardiograph. Following the development of this comparatively simple device, there has been a succession of increasingly, electrically exotic, electrocardiographs, none of which surpass the original Einthoven instrument in recording accuracy. The resolution of mechanical problems in the laboratory, incident to development of the Einthoven instrument, is of interest in view of the primitive laboratory equipment available during the period the device was developed. Einthoven's preference for funds for additional laboratory assistants and equipment, in lieu of a new laboratory building as a monument to his name and his subsequent disposal of half of the Nobel Prize money, reveal the basic character of this great man, rightfully called the Father of Electrocardiography.

Electrocardiography↗

PubMed1990

The duodenal string test. A simple multipurpose diagnostic tool in clinical pediatrics.

The duodenal string test capsule is a cheap and simple device used for sampling the contents of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Its major applications in pediatrics are in diagnosis of enteric parasitic infestations, confirmation of contaminated small-bowel syndrome, diagnosis of Salmonella infection, and assessment of neonatal cholestasis. Pediatricians should be aware of this invaluable diagnostic aid.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Improvement of X-ray beam quality for treating cancer using double focus electric field strings.

Accurate knowledge of the distribution and amount of contamination electrons arising from the gantry head at the surface and in the first few centimeters of tissue is essential for the clinical practice of radiation oncology. These electrons tend to increase the surface dose and deteriorate the buildup in the radiation field compared with a pure photon field. In this study, the relative quantity and reduction of contamination electrons in a therapeutic radiation photon beam (15 MV) was investigated. The contamination electrons can be separated out by a special device. This device, consisting of a double-focus electric field (8 x 10(5) V/m) made by a large number of strings 2 x 10(-4) m in diameter, removes contamination electrons and positrons without affecting the photon beam. It is located under the tray holder. In clinical practice, the device can decrease the relative surface charge and relative surface dose due to contamination electrons in the photon beam used in radiation therapy.

Artifacts↗