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PubMed1993

[The relationships between orthodontics and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. A review of the literature and longitudinal study].

The fist part of this study concerns a literature review on temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). There exists an equal amount of literature relating occlusal interferences to TMD, as there are reports denying any causal relationship. It is remarkable, however, that the latter reports are relatively recent. The relationship between the Angle classification and TMD is reported to be only weak in a "normal" orthodontic population. The relationship between morphologic malocclusion, e.g. deep bites or crossbites, with TMD seems to be somewhat stronger. The vast majority of the reports did not find any relationship between TMD and orthodontic treatment or extractions. Our own longitudinal prospective study could not reveal any systematic relationship between orthodontic treatment or extractions and TMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Orthodontics of unilateral complete cleft lip-palate: point of view and personal proposals].

Studying 43 cases of unilateral cleft palate including 21 treated cases, the author notes that the lateral incisor is missing in 85% of the cases, the central near the cleft is badly rotated and there is a buccal cross bite in 45% associated or not with an anterior cross bite. He proposes to treat first the cross bite by fixed split palate appliance then to align the incisors at age 9. Then to wait until the patient is approximately 12 years old. At that moment a full fixed appliance is used; on the cleft side, the cuspid is usually placed against the central incisor and on the other side a bicuspid is usually extracted. Using this two steps therapy, the total treatment is no longer than 30 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extractions prior to comprehensive orthodontic treatment in the mixed dentition.

Studies concerning the prevalence of extractions prior to orthodontic treatment have been limited in scope. This quasi-experimental analysis from secondary data explores patient and provider variables as they relate to extractions prior to comprehensive orthodontic therapy in the mixed dentition. This national database contains 38,529 children who had at least one comprehensive orthodontic (mixed dentition) visit within a 27-month period (January 1987-March 1989). Because of the relatively small number of Class III malocclusion cases, an equal allocation, random sample method was used in choosing children from the three Angle malocclusion classifications and the seven NIDR regions. Of those selected 24.7% had one or more extractions prior to orthodontic treatment, with 56% occurring at either 11 or 12 years of age. There were slightly more extraction cases for the Class I malocclusion children (26.7%) than either Class II (23.1%) or Class III (24.1%). Those children who had an orthodontic extraction were slightly older (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences relating to orthodontic extractions for the following patient and provider variables: gender, malocclusion classification, years since dental graduation, and type of dental practice. There were regional differences among extraction rates for pediatric dentists, with those from the NIDR Midwest region more likely to have children receiving one or more extractions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

An occlusal and cephalometric analysis of lower first and second premolar extraction effects.

This study was designed to examine lateral cephalometric and arch dimensional changes that occur in the mandibular arch during orthodontic treatment involving the extractions of various premolars. Pretreatment and posttreatment records of 73 patients were chosen at random from completed cases in the practice of one experienced orthodontist. Eighteen involved the extraction of lower first premolars, and 55 involved the extraction of lower second premolars. Of these 55, 29 involved the extraction of upper first premolars and 26 involved the extraction of upper second premolars. In the lower first premolar group, however, all 18 involved the extraction of upper first premolars. Males and females were evenly represented in the 3 subgroups. Pretreatment factors that suggested a basis for the extraction choice in this group of patients were found to include incisal overjet, molar relationship, and underlying vertical facial pattern. A wide variety of arch dimensional changes was found with different lower premolar extraction patterns. There was evidence, however, of more intermolar arch width reduction after the extraction of lower second premolars than lower first premolars. Orthodontic treatment with the extraction of premolars did not consistently cause a retrusive effect on the incisors. In fact, instances of proclination of the incisors occurred within all of the extraction groups. A large amount of individual variation in incisor and molar changes accompanied treatment involving all lower premolar extraction patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Condylar position and extraction treatment.

By means of corrected tomography, the positions of the condyles in patients who had undergone four-premolar extraction treatment (20 edgewise and 7 Begg) were compared with the condylar positions of patients who had not yet received orthodontic treatment. No significant between-group differences in condylar position were noted. In addition, the relationship between bite depth and condylar position was examined and no significant correlation was found. Thus, as performed in this study, condylar position was unrelated to extraction treatment and to bite depth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

TMJ function and the effects on the masticatory system on 14-16-year-old Danish children in relation to orthodontic treatment.

The effect of orthodontic treatment on the functional status of the masticatory system was analysed in 706 children from three Danish communities. Three-hundred-and-eighty-eight (48 per cent) of the children were treated orthodontically and the 295 (37 per cent) of the total population had terminated the treatment and were included in the analysis. Fifty-seven cases (7.1%) of the total population were discontinued before the orthodontic treatment was considered finished by the orthodontist. Discontinuation did not, however, seem to influence the functional status. Increasing the orthodontic treatment frequency from 38 to 51 per cent did not decrease the functional problems of a young population. On the contrary, the community with the lowest treatment frequency (38 per cent) demonstrated fewer functional problems among the orthodontically treated subjects than did the two communities with higher treatment frequencies, indicating paradoxically that it may be a functional risk to treat the last 13 per cent with minor discrepancies. Tenderness on palpation of the musculature and the TMJ capsule were generally more prevalent among orthodontically treated subjects. Children who had their treatments performed by either orthodontist or paedodontist alone demonstrated more muscular problems than children who had been treated by a team of orthodontists and paedodontists. Related to the severity of the malocclusion these findings stress the importance of more consideration to establish a functionally satisfactory occlusion after orthodontic treatment. Functional status was not related to the type of orthodontic treatment, including extraction therapy, use of either fixed or removable appliances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The use of natural spontaneous tooth movement in the treatment of malocclusion.

The natural mechanisms of eruption, mesial migration, soft tissue pressure and occlusal forces can be used by the dentist to treat malocclusion in the growing child. The author describes how planned extractions of deciduous and permanent teeth can be employed to resolve crowding, promote spontaneous alignment, and avoid centreline displacement.

Child↗
PubMed1978

[A ranking scale of the susceptibility to loss of various types of teeth as an additional aid to the decision for the extraction of permanent teeth in orthodontic treatments].

A statistically established rank scale of the predisposition to decay of the different types of teeth permits to evaluate more exactly the sacrifice of masticatory units in orthodontically indicated tooth extraction. Thus, in case of doubt, it gives additional advice on the choice of the teeth to be removed.

Child↗
PubMed1999

A multicenter retrospective 3D study of serial complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate casts to evaluate treatment: part 1--the participating institutions and research aims.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the multicenter retrospective and prospective spatiotemporal (4D) serial analyses of complete unilateral (CUCLP) and complete bilateral (CBCLP) cleft lip and palate casts that had undergone different treatment procedures. The involved institutions are Miami Craniofacial Anomalies Foundation, South Florida Cleft Palate Clinic; University Hospital of Nijmegen Cleft Palate Center; Free University of Amsterdam Cleft Palate Center; Academic Hospital (Dijkzigt/Sophia) Rotterdam Cleft Palate Center; Center for Craniofacial Anomalies, University of Illinois College of Medicine; Cleft Palate Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and Children's Memorial Medical Center, Northwestern University Cleft Palate Institute. DESIGN: Using serial casts of the upper jaw and an electromechanical digitizer with special Cad-Cam software (CadKey), the occlusal relationships and morphometric palatal growth changes that occur under the influence of presurgical orthopedics and various surgical procedures will be studied. It is anticipated that 3D geometric data extracted from serial casts will identify the important geometric palatal parameters present before cleft surgical closure, which will supply objective criteria for establishing a scientific basis for improved surgical therapy. This research study will test three hypotheses: (1) Conservative (varying the timing of surgical cleft closure according to the size of the cleft space) lip and palatal surgery will permit "catch-up" palatal growth and normalize palatal growth and development. (2) The amount of mucoperiosteal tissue relative to the size of the cleft space is important in determining the timing of palatal surgery, as it influences the degree of scarring and ultimately the palate's adult size and form. (3) Presurgical orthopedics (the use of appliances soon after birth) can stimulate palatal growth beyond its normal growth potential. RESULTS: In a previous project and again after reviewing the data already collected during the first year of this study, it has been shown that incremental changes in size of palatal segments in CUCLP and CBCLP cases prior to surgery vary slightly. The CBCLP cases grow slightly faster than CUCLP cases before surgery, but growth of the CBCLP cases decreases in acceleration after surgery. Reasons for these differences will be determined when more cases are analyzed and subjected to biostatistical analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

An occlusal and cephalometric analysis of maxillary first and second premolar extraction effects.

The purpose of this study was to examine dimensional changes in the maxillary arch following the extractions of maxillary first or second premolars. Pre- and posttreatment records of 71 patients treated by one experienced orthodontist were randomly selected from completed premolar extraction cases. Forty-five patients involved the extraction of maxillary first premolars; of these, 15 also had extractions of mandibular first premolars and 30 had extractions of mandibular second premolars. Twenty-six patients involved the extraction of maxillary second premolars, and all of these also had extractions of mandibular second premolars. Pretreatment factors that seemed to suggest a basis for the extraction choice in this sample included incisal overjet, molar relationship, and maxillary incisor protrusion. Mean reductions with treatment in the anteroposterior arch dimension were similar within all premolar extraction groups. There was evidence of greater mean maxillary intermolar-width reduction following the extractions of maxillary second premolars than following extractions of maxillary first premolars. Greater mean maxillary incisor retraction was found in the maxillary first premolar extraction group than in the maxillary second premolar group. A wide range of individual variation in incisor and molar changes did, however, accompany treatment involving both maxillary premolar extraction sequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Efficacy of intraarch mechanics using differential moments for achieving anchorage control in extraction cases.

A prospective survey was conducted to test the hypothesis that maximum anchorage can be achieved in the maxillary arch by controlling forces and moments using intraarch mechanics while retracting canines into first premolar extraction sites. The sample consisted of 24 patients (mean age 18 years, 9 months) who required the extraction of two maxillary first premolars, with or without extractions in the mandibular arch. Movements of the first molars, canines, and incisors were evaluated with 6 cephalometric variables and 10 study model variables. T tests were used to assess differences between pretreatment and postretraction tooth positions. Cephalometrically, the maxillary first molars (left and right sides combined) moved mesially ONLY 0.7 mm (SD 0.43; p < 0.008). All other cephalometric variables showed no significant differences between the two time points. From the study models, the molars moved mesially ONLY 0.5 mm on both the right and left sides (right side SD = 0.43 and left side SD = 0.38; p < 0.005), while the canines were retracted on average 5.8 mm on the right side and 5.6 mm on the left. The molars and canines showed significant mesiopalatal and distolingual rotations, respectively. Many of the study model and cephalometric variables were significantly correlated to one another. This study questions the need to use adjunctive appliances, which directs a distal force to the posterior teeth, if horizontal molar anchorage control is a treatment objective. By controlling forces and moments, using intraarch mechanics while retracting maxillary canines into first premolar extraction sites, minimal molar anchorage loss occurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Human papovavirus (JC): induction of brain tumors in hamsters.

Eighty-three percent of hamsters inoculated at birth with JC virus, a human papovavirus isolated from brain tissue of a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, developed malignant gliomas within 6 months. Three brain tumors have been serially transplanted as subcutaneous tumors. JC virus was isolated from five of seven tumors tested. Cells from four tumors were cultivated in vitro. These cells contained an intranuclear antigen with the characteristics of a T antigen, and this antigen was antigenically related to SV40 T antigen. Although virus was not recovered from extracts of serially cultured tumor cells, JC virus was rescued when one tumor cell line was fused with permissive cells.

Animals↗