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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Langerhans cell histiocytosis with periorbital cellulitis.

PURPOSE: To report a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as periorbital cellulitis. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 3-year-old girl presented with periorbital swelling of the right upper lid laterally of two days' duration. A history of recent eye trauma was reported. RESULTS: Computed tomography showed a soft tissue mass that eroded the frontozygomatic suture. The lesion was debulked through a lateral orbitotomy. Electron microscopy disclosed Birbeck granules. Immunohistochemistry stained positively for CD68 and CD1a antigenic determinants. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, Langerhans cell histiocytosis can cause acute periorbital cellulitis in children. Trauma can induce an inflammatory response, allowing for earlier diagnosis of the orbital lesion.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed2006

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in a case of retroperitoneal fibrosis.

A patient with recurrent abdominal pain was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography showed a soft dense mass surrounding the abdominal aorta at the infrarenal level, which was compatible with retroperitoneal fibrosis. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography showed abnormal uptake of (18)F-FDG into these lesions. Two months after the initiation of corticosteroid therapy, the abnormal uptake of (18)F-FDG had ceased along with a reduction in the fibrous mass surrounding the abdominal aorta.

Abdominal Pain↗

PubMed2002

Benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone: a report of ten cases and review of literature.

The benign fibrous histiocytoma is a rare tumor with only a few descriptions. In order to better define the optimal therapeutic procedure and the necessity of surgery we retrospectively analyzed the patients of the orthopedic department. Benign fibrous histiocytoma occurred in the femur (n = 3), pelvis (n = 2), humerus, tibia, fibula, rib and spine. Pain as the cardinal symptom and a median age of 28 years are factors that differentiate benign fibrous histiocytoma from other metaphyseal fibrous lesions such as the nonossifying fibroma. Radiographic investigation of this entity showed osteolytic lesions with eccentric thinning of the cortex and small fissures. To a variable extent, sclerosis was found in the margin of the lesions. Computer tomography revealed dense soft tissue in the lesions, but one lesion was filled with fluid. The tumor was restricted to bone, with no periosteal or soft tissue reaction. Magnetic resonance imaging showed enhancement of the tumor after administration of contrast medium. All lesions had uniform histological findings. Although no pathologic fracture occurred in any case, local expansion of the tumor was indicated by cortical thinning, small fissures and pain. This implied that the patients needed prophylactic curettage and bone grafting. Surgery restricted to the osteolytic area was sufficient to prevent recurrence.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Surgical treatments for lumbar disc disease in adolescent patients; chemonucleolysis / microsurgical discectomy/ PLIF with cages.

The herniated lumbar disc (HLD) in adolescent patients is characterized by typical discogenic pain that originates from a soft herniated disc. It is frequently related to back trauma, and sometimes it is also combined with a degenerative process and a bony spur such as posterior Schmorl's node. Chemonucleolysis is an excellent minimally invasive treatment having these criteria: leg pain rather than back pain, severe limitation on the straight leg raising test (SLRT), and soft disc protrusion on computed tomography (CT). Microsurgical discectomy is useful in the cases of extruded or sequestered HLD and lateral recess stenosis due to bony spur because the nerve root is not decompressed with chymopapain. Spinal fusion, like as PLIF, should be considered in the cases of severe disc degeneration, instability, and stenosis due to posterior central bony spur. In our study, 185 adolescent patients, whose follow-up period was more than 1 year (the range was 1-4 years), underwent spinal surgery due to HLD from March, 1998 to December, 2002 at our institute. Among these cases, we performed chemonucleolysis in 65 cases, microsurgical discectomy in 94 cases, and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with cages in 33 cases including 7 reoperation cases. The clinical success rate was 91% for chemonucleolysis, 95% for microsurgical disectomy, and 89% for PLIF with cages, and there were no non- union cases for the PLIF patients with cages. In adolescent HLD, chemonucleolysis was the 1st choice of treatment because the soft adolescent HLD was effectively treated with chemonucleolysis, especially when the patient satisfied the chemonucleolysis indications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Determination of DNA ploidy, nuclear size, and proliferative activity by means of the computer-assisted image analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei in 68 soft tissue tumors of adults.

The diagnostic values of the ploidy level, the proliferative activity, and the nuclear size in a series of 68 soft tissue tumors of adults were determined by digital cell image analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The DNA ploidy level was characterized by calculating the DNA index (DI) and the percentage of the diploid and polyploid cells, and by typing the DNA histogram. Proliferative activity assessments were a function of the determination of the proliferation index (PI), ie, the percentage of cells engaged in the S phase of the cell cycle (SPF value). The present series included 19 benign and 49 malignant soft tissue tumors. The results show that DNA aneuploidy, as assessed by both the DI and the DNA histogram type, cannot be used as a discriminatory parameter for distinguishing between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. Indeed, some benign cases may be highly aneuploid, whereas some highly malignant soft tissue tumors may be definitely diploid. In contrast, the determination of the percentage of polyploid cell nuclei seems to be a useful parameter in distinguishing between benign and malignant cases. In fact, the benign soft tissue tumors showed a very significantly lower mean percentage value of polyploid cell nuclei than the malignant cases. The determination of the proliferative activity also discriminated significantly between the benign and the malignant cases, the former proliferating more slowly than the latter. Lastly, the determination of nuclear size made it possible to differentiate the primary malignant soft tissue tumors, whether recurrent or not, that were associated with metastasis from those free of metastasis.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

T cell lymphoma in the lumbar spine of a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

A 22-month-old castrated male ferret developed acute pelvic limb paresis. Radiographs and computed tomography revealed a soft tissue mass with associated bony lysis of L5, and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirates suggested that it was a lymphoma. Treatment with prednisone at immunosuppressive doses did not produce any detectable improvement in the ferret's clinical signs and it became moribund less than two weeks after they developed. A postmortem biopsy confirmed the presence of a lymphoma which had invaded the vertebral bone. No viruses were detected by cell culture, or electron microscopy.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Ergonomics of digital imaging.

There has been an increase in the use of digital imaging in recent years and radiologists have almost universally accepted the use of computers in their day-to-day work. Completely filmless radiology departments, with all reporting being done on visual display terminals and picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) around the department, are already a reality in many places in the UK and other parts of the world. There is a constant need of computers for literature searches on the web, e-mails, communication and preparing lectures and presentations. With this explosive increase in the use of computers in the hospital, it is imperative that the use of computer monitor screens for medical use is optimized in order to avoid eyestrain and fatigue. This is especially important as tired eyes and brains may be more likely to commit errors. We have reviewed the current literature to elaborate a few useful measures that can be taken to minimize the effect of excessive computer use in a soft-copy radiology reporting area on the eyes and the musculoskeletal system. We recommend that optimal placement of computer monitors with user-friendly PACS terminal interfaces will ensure greater acceptability and improve reporting efficiency and accuracy. Good work practices to ensure reduction of reporting errors are highlighted.

Computer Terminals↗

PubMed1990

Occipital condyle fracture presenting as retropharyngeal hematoma.

Reported is the case of a 30-year-old male motorcycle accident victim who was found on plain cervical-spine radiography to have prevertebral soft-tissue swelling. Although subsequent computed tomography demonstrated no cervical-spine fracture, it did reveal a fracture of one occipital condyle. The mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of occipital condyle fractures are reviewed, as is the ligamentous and fascial anatomy of the cervicocranium. Dissection of fracture hematoma inferiorly along vertically oriented tissue planes is hypothesized as the pathogenesis of our patient's retropharyngeal hematoma. In addition to being a sign of potential cervical-spine injury, post-traumatic prevertebral soft-tissue swelling may also indicate occipital condyle fracture. To avoid overlooking such fractures, computed tomography undertaken to investigate upper cervical-spine prevertebral soft-tissue swelling should always include slices up to the level of the basal skull so as to visualize the condyles.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Osteosarcoma in adjacent lumbar vertebrae in a dog.

An 8-year-old male Belgian Malinois was referred for evaluation of progressive caudal paresis of 2 to 3 weeks' duration. Radiography revealed a mottled appearance to the body of L4 and misshapen intervertebral foramen at L4-L5. Myelography revealed that the dye column terminated within the body of L4. Computed tomography revealed a soft tissue mass adjacent to or involving the spinal cord and L4, with complete destruction of a portion of the floor of the vertebral foramen. Small circular lesions were also noticed within the body of L3 and L5. A left-sided hemilaminectomy was performed. Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed a high-grade sarcoma. Because of the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanatized. Necropsy examination revealed osteosarcoma, with lesions in L3 to L7, the sacrum, and the lungs. Metastatic lesions in adjacent bones have been termed skip metastases and the primary tumor is typically in long bones. Prognosis associated with skip metastases is similar to or even graver than that associated with pulmonary metastases. In the dog of the present report, the unusual finding of distinct foci of osteosarcoma within 5 adjacent lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum was consistent with skip metastases, potentially spread via the vertebral venous plexus.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Soft tissue swelling and acute skull fractures.

To determine whether soft tissue swelling, as identified by computed tomography, invariably accompanies acute calvarial fracture, the computed tomography scans of 35 children aged 3 months to 8 years with acute skull fractures were evaluated. Bone window settings revealed at least 4 mm of soft tissue swelling in all instances. We conclude that a skull fracture without overlying soft tissue swelling demonstrable by computed tomography is probably inconsistent with an acute injury.

Child↗

PubMed1996

Quantitative comparison of computerized discrete and animated profile preferences.

To determine the physical bases of subjective judgments of facial appearance, two computer presentations of discrete soft tissue profile (STP) images were compared with the same images appearing in an animated format. The images were judged by 24 volunteers. The influences of the number and order of faces presented, gender, and dental knowledge were evaluated. Fifteen to eighteen digitized distortions of the chin, upper lip, mandible, bimaxillary relationship, and lower face height were prepared from STPs of four faces (two males and two females) representing Class I, Class I with microgenia, Class II division 1, and Class III. The judges responded to each discrete alteration as acceptable or unacceptable and with a separate rating from 1 to 6. Each feature was then "animated" by presenting the distortions serially at 1.25 frames/sec in counterbalanced order six times, from both the extreme protrusive (P) and retrusive (R) distortions. The judges indicated an acceptance zone by pressing a button when the face became acceptable and releasing if when no longer acceptable. The rating responses were more favorable than the simple acceptable/unacceptable dichotomy. Neither of the discrete methods was found to be as reliable as the animated method. Significant differences were found for the animated responses between the aggregate midpoint of acceptability of Class II division 1 and Class III for all features except bimaxillary relationship, thus providing a criterion-based validation of the animated method. The dental judges had a greater tolerance of feature variations than did the nondental judges. By establishing a zone of acceptability in addition to a single midpoint of acceptability, the animation technique may be more clinically useful than discrete presentation for determining individual as well as group perceptions of physical change.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Computed tomography, ultrasonography and plain radiography in the detection of foreign bodies in pork muscle tissue.

To evaluate the possibility to detect foreign bodies in superficial soft tissue a comparative study, including computed tomography, ultrasonography and plain radiography, is presented. Nine different materials, ranging in size from 2 x 3 to 3 x 10 mm, were inserted into pork muscle. All foreign bodies were detected and exact location was achieved using computed tomography and ultrasonography. In plain radiography wood was not visualised and exact location of all foreign bodies was not obtained. According to our results computed tomography and ultrasonography is useful in detecting foreign bodies in superficial soft tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Persistence of myeloma protein for more than one year after radiotherapy is an adverse prognostic factor in solitary plasmacytoma of bone.

BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors for solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB), whether measured before or after radiotherapy (RT), have not been established. The authors analyzed multiple factors for myeloma-free survival (MFS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) in SPB patients treated with RT alone. METHODS: Between 1965 and 2000, 60 patients with carefully staged SPB were treated with RT alone at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Patient ages ranged from 29-77 years (median, 54 years), and 75% of patients had a myeloma (M) protein in the blood and/or urine. No patients showed other lesions on skeletal survey or, in recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine; marrow aspirate was normal in all patients. Radiotherapy to the solitary lesion was given to a total dose of 30-70 Gy (median, 46 Gy). The authors analyzed the impact of multiple factors on MFS and CSS, including resolution v. persistence of M protein after RT, secretory v. nonsecretory disease at diagnosis, presence v. absence of an associated soft tissue mass on computed tomography or MRI scan, magnitude of serum M protein elevation at diagnosis, age, spinal v. nonspinal location, Karnofsky performance status, total RT dose, and tumor size. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 7.8 years (range, 1.0-25.5 years). On multivariate analysis, persistence of M protein more than one year after RT was the only independent adverse prognostic factor for MFS (P = 0.005) and CSS (P = 0.04). Most patients with M protein that persisted for more than one year after RT were diagnosed with multiple myeloma within 2.2 years of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with M protein that persists for more than one year after RT should be monitored frequently and considered for standard chemotherapy followed by intensive consolidation therapy when they either develop symptoms or show an increasing M protein level.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Measurement of vascular volume fraction and blood-tissue permeability constants with a pharmacokinetic model: studies in rat muscle tumors with dynamic Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI.

We propose a compartmental model to explain the signal enhancement curves following the bolus injection of Gd-DTPA. The model incorporates vascular volume fraction contribution, and the possibility of having different transport constants between the plasma and extravascular components. A Walker 256 carcinoma grown in rat muscle was used to demonstrate the capability of this model. Several different types of tissues were included in the measurements: normal, quickly enhanced, slowly enhanced, and necrotic tissues. Blood volume and blood-tissue permeability information can be derived from the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI study employing the proposed model. In the tissue contrast enhancement curve, the initial rising slope after injection is related to the blood volume (or, vascular volume fraction), the maximum enhancement ratio is related to the uptake of tissue, and the decay rate is related to the clearance of tracer from tissue. The measured permeability constant is not the conventional permeability; instead they are contrast agents uptake and clearance rates, which are limited by the blood perfusion. These parameters can be used to characterize different enhancement patterns.

Albumins↗

PubMed1995

Magnetization transfer contrast MRI of musculoskeletal neoplasms.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed in 15 patients with musculoskeletal neoplasms to assess the value of magnetization transfer contrast in tumor characterization. Multiplanar gradient-recalled echo sequences (TR 500-600/TE 15-20/flip angle 20-30 degrees) were performed first without and then with magnetization transfer contrast generated by a zero degree binomial pulse (MPGR and MTMPGR). Standard T1-weighted spin echo images (SE; TR 300-400/TE 12-20) and either T2-weighted SE (TR 2000-2900/TE 70-80) or T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE; TR 4000-5000/TE 100-119 effective) images were also obtained. Signal intensities on MTMPGR scans were compared to those on MPGR scans for both tumors and normal tissues. Signal intensity ratios (SIR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were also compared for all sequences. MTMPGR images provided better contrast between pathologic tissues and muscle than did standard MPGR images, increasing both conspicuity of lesions and definition of tumor/muscle interfaces. Benign and malignant tumors, with the exception of lipoma, underwent similar degrees of magnetization transfer and could not be distinguished by this technique.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2005

[Clinical results of digital mammography].

Digital mammography is the technology of the future in breast diagnosis. This article provides an overview of all digital mammography units admitted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), results of clinical studies, soft copy reading, CAD (computer aided detection), and presents an overview on possible further developments. It is obvious that clinical results are equivalent to conventional screen film mammography and digital mammography.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2001

[Traumatic temporomandibular joint injuries].

Injuries of the temporomandibular joint are mostly due to injuries or fractures of the mandibular condyle. Fractures of the skull base involving the temporomandibular joint are rare. Classification of fractures refers to their anatomical positions and the presence or absence of a luxation. Further, it is important whether the fracture is intra- or extra-capsular. The primary imaging method should be orthopantomography. As for therapy planning, especially surgery, also evaluation of soft tissue is necessary, computed tomography is the imaging method of choice. For diagnosis of complications or internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint, magnetic resonance imaging is to be recommended.

Humans↗

PubMed2000

[Polytopic manifestations of paragangliomas. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and indications for therapy].

Paragangliomas of the glomus caroticum are relatively rare, but highly vascularized neoplasmas, which develop from chemoreceptors. They can be develop at any age, but most often in the third or fourth decade of life. Paragangliomas grow very slowly and are most always of benign origin. There is a familial predisposition, and an autosomal-dominant transmission is presumed. They are commonly located in the jugular region; in rare cases a polytopic manifestation is found. We describe the case of a 47-year-old male patient who was referred to our department because of a progressive swelling of the neck on both sides. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography had displayed soft tissue tumors in the jugular regions. We performed an operative exploration, which showed a highly vascularized tumor. Histopathologic analysis revealed the diagnosis of a paraganglioma. An angiography of the neck and thoracic region, furthermore, revealed an additional paraganglioma in the anterior mediastinum. Using a surgical approach via lateral cervicotomies and thoracotomy the paragangliomas were extirpated. Our case report demonstrates the rare polytopic manifestation of paragangliomas. This perivascular neoplasms have to be removed before haemodynamic complications develop. The extent of this tumors is clearly illustrated by use of an angiography. Because of the familial predisposition, clinical and radiological examinations of relatives are mandatory.

Carotid Body↗