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PubMedDate not supplied

Specialized PC software package for creation of computer systems supporting partial diagnostics based on numerical results of medical examinations.

Computer scientists creating computer systems supporting partial diagnostics based on numerical results of medical examinations always follow a similar method. Why not algorithmize this procedure? This was the main reason for preparation of the specialized PC software presented in the paper. The software is addressed to clinicians-scientists and enables such users to create by themselves (with no need of programming) practically useful computer systems for differential diagnosis of chosen diseases. These generated systems are assigned to an end-user, i.e. any physician interested in a partial diagnosis of the considered type. They perform classification of patients on the basis of numerical results of the examinations selected for the training databases. The software is based on a statistical approach; multi-dimensional variance analysis and discriminant analysis methods have been used. The pilot version of the software (experimentally implemented in a Warsaw clinic) and an outline of planned work are presented.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1983

The key role of software in implementing computer-based information systems for the hospital pharmacy.

The technology of the information age has the potential to significantly alter the many ways pharmacists acquire, control, and use information about drugs, patients, and personnel. Computer-based information systems will become the expected standard of practice. To obtain maximum benefit from these automated systems requires an understanding of all three aspects of computer technology: hardware, "peopleware," and software. Knowledge of software is the weakest element. This report identifies problems associated with software acquisition and evaluation, then suggests guidelines to enhance successful implementation of automated systems. Until competence in software literacy is achieved, it is unrealistic to expect pharmacists to derive optimal benefit from any investment in computer-based pharmacy information systems.

Computers↗

PubMed1999

The medical software quality deployment method.

UNLABELLED: The objective of this study was to develop a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) model for design of information systems in health-care environments. Consecutive blocked-subject case studies were conducted, based on action research methods. RESULTS: Starting with a QFD model for software development, a model for information system design, the Medical Software Quality Deployment (MSQD) model, was developed. The MSQD model was divided into the pre-study phase, in which the customer categories and their power to influence the design are determined; the data collection phase, in which the voice of customers (VoC) is identified by observations and interviews and quantified by Critical. Incident questionnaires; the need specification phase, where the VoC is specified into ranked customer needs; and the design phase where the customer needs are transformed stepwise to technical requirements and design attributes. QFD showed to be useful for integrating the values of different customer categories in software development for health-care settings. In the later design phases, other quality methods should be used for software implementation and testing.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1998

Virtual reality in psychotherapy: the MYTHSEEKER software.

This chapter outlines the use in psychotherapy and medical diagnosis of an intelligent software system that helps clients to explore Personal Myth within virtual reality environments. Patented MYTHSEEKER software will allow clients to work with mythic analogues of lifeshapes and aspirations. This can help to focus therapy directions, find ways to participate with the person's world, and allow a kind of personal expression not previously possible. The software phases of assessment, facilitation, and enaction are described by which the client is assisted to explore systems of mythology or spirituality (called Depth Systems) that are traditional, ancient or newly-arising. The client builds a Personal Depth System representing Personal Myth, based on experiencing other Depth Systems, which can itself be experienced in the virtual environment. This paper outlines our methodology and technology to realize these operations. Space limitations prevent further description in the present chapter of MYTHSEEKER software technology or psychotherapy scenarios of involvement.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed1999

New AICPA standards aid accounting for the costs of internal-use software.

Statement of Position (SOP) No. 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use," issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants in March 1998, provides financial managers with guidelines regarding which costs involved in developing or obtaining internal-use software should be expensed and which should be capitalized. The SOP identifies three stages in the development of internal-use software: the preliminary project stage, the application development stage, and the postimplementation-operation stage. The SOP provides that all costs incurred during the preliminary project stage should be expensed as incurred. During the application development stage, costs associated with developing or obtaining the software should be capitalized, while costs associated with preparing data for use within the new system should be expensed. Costs incurred during the postimplementation-operation stage, typically associated with training and application maintenance, should be expensed.

Accounting↗

PubMed2000

FDA regulation of medical software.

Currently the FDA is reviewing its policy on the regulation of computer software in the medical arena. Healthcare practitioners hope that the FDA will take the least possible regulatory action required by law to fulfill its public health responsibility and will take into account the unique status of the ever-changing software industry. Innovations in telemedicine and medical informatics have yielded significant improvements in the quality and cost of healthcare, and the imposition of cumbersome regulatory requirements on the medical software industry would slow the development and introduction of medical software products.

Software Validation↗

PubMed2000

[Sem: a suitable statistical software adaptated for research in oncology].

Many softwares have been adapted for medical use; they rarely enable conveniently both data management and statistics. A recent cooperative work ended up in a new software, Sem (Statistics Epidemiology Medicine), which allows data management of trials and, as well, statistical treatments on them. Very convenient, it can be used by non professional in statistics (biologists, doctors, researchers, data managers), since usually (excepted with multivariate models), the software performs by itself the most adequate test, after what complementary tests can be requested if needed. Sem data base manager (DBM) is not compatible with usual DBM: this constitutes a first protection against loss of privacy. Other shields (passwords, cryptage...) strengthen data security, all the more necessary today since Sem can be run on computers nets. Data organization enables multiplicity: forms can be duplicated by patient. Dates are treated in a special but transparent manner (sorting, date and delay calculations...). Sem communicates with common desktop softwares, often with a simple copy/paste. So, statistics can be easily performed on data stored in external calculation sheets, and slides by pasting graphs with a single mouse click (survival curves...). Already used over fifty places in different hospitals for daily work, this product, combining data management and statistics, appears to be a convenient and innovative solution.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed2000

[A special software for area and volume measurement and 3D image of skin expander].

OBJECTIVE: A special software for measuring expanded skin area and volume and creating a 3D image of skin expander protrusion has been introduced. METHODS: The 3D coordinates of all the points on the surface were obtained by means of interpolation in computer, according to its base, central horizontal and vertical sections that should be adopted in advance. This software was programmed with C language and performed in Microsoft Windows. RESULTS: The area, volume, and 3D image were acquired according to 3D coordinates. The deviation of the software measurement was less than 4% of actual sizes at most in our reliability demonstration. CONCLUSION: This software, combined with our protocol of conversion from tridimensional surface to a plane reported previously, makes up a preferable scheme in this field.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Implementation of a software for acquiring and analysing myoelectric potential signals in ergonomical research of space manual system].

Objective. A software used for acquiring and analyzing signals was developed for ergonomical research on Human Workload in space manual system. Method. As an important part of the whole experimental equipment and being developed in PC, the software is composed of acquisition and display program, analysis and processing program and data files. Result. The software is capable of making realtime acquisition and display of four channels of myoelectric potential signals and one channel of operation signal synchronously. The signals are then analyzed and processed off-line. Conclusion. During the development, its realtime feature was implemented by means of some technical methods, such as that different machine assigned to view-scenery display and signal acquisition, different frequency assigned to EMG signal and operation ones, and different cycle assigned to acquisition, display and storage. Above all, with friendly man-machine interface and high accuracy of data, the software was even reliable.

Data Display↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Development of software in the study of carotid artery in the neck.

The aim of this work was to develop and employ software for the study of the common carotid artery and its branches in the neck. We first constructed geometric models of anatomic components, for the building of knowledge bases to be used in automatic feature extraction techniques from images. Then, we developed a software system characterised by three-dimensional visualisation, image processing functions, knowledge base and a programming language to describe classification processing by means of fuzzy logic. The software system was used to perform automatic reconstruction of three-dimensional models of carotid arteries from contiguous CT scans of the neck. These findings suggest that such software systems represent a useful help in the study of image based diagnosis of carotid arteries.

Carotid Artery, Common↗

PubMed2000

The Household Registration System: computer software for the rapid dissemination of demographic surveillance systems.

Although longitudinal experimental community health research is crucial to testing hypotheses about the demographic impact of health technologies, longitudinal demographic research field stations are rare, owing to the complexity and high cost of developing requisite computer software systems. This paper describes the Household Registration System (HRS), a software package that has been used for the rapid development of eleven surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Features of the HRS automate software generation for a family surveillance applications, obviating the need for new and complex computer software systems for each new longitudinal demographic study.

Africa↗

PubMed2003

PyPop: a software framework for population genomics: analyzing large-scale multi-locus genotype data.

Software to analyze multi-locus genotype data for entire populations is useful for estimating haplotype frequencies, deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and patterns of linkage disequilibrium. These statistical results are important to both those interested in human genome variation and disease predisposition as well as evolutionary genetics. As part of the 13th International Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Working Group (IHWG), we have developed a software framework (PyPop). The primary novelty of this package is that it allows integration of statistics across large numbers of data-sets by heavily utilizing the XML file format and the R statistical package to view graphical output, while retaining the ability to inter-operate with existing software. Largely developed to address human population data, it can, however, be used for population based data for any organism. We tested our software on the data from the 13th IHWG which involved data sets from at least 50 laboratories each of up to 1000 individuals with 9 MHC loci (both class I and class II) and found that it scales to large numbers of data sets well.

Computational Biology↗

PubMed2003

Experience using the latest OrthoPilot TKA software: a comparative study.

The OrthoPilot (Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) Knee Navigation System represents a computed tomography (CT)-free system. In older software versions, a rigid-body at the iliac crest was necessary to calculate the centre of the hip. The latest software versions, 3.0 and 4.0, use a new mathematical algorithm to reconstruct the mechanical axis. Using the OrthoPilot system, an intraoperative cinematic study can be done that results in calculation of the mechanical axis and navigation of resection cuts. According to flexion- and extension-gap balancing, the anterior/posterior (a.p.) position and rotation of the femoral component also are navigated. Thirty navigated SEARCH (Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) total knee arthroplasties (TKA) using the software version 3.0 of an uninterrupted series were evaluated, versus 30 navigated knees using older software and a manual group. Results concerning alignment were determined to be superior to the older navigation and manual groups. The number of cases with a good mechanical axis, 0; low; or 2 of deviation from optimum, was reached in 17 of the manual, 19 of the older-version, and 27 of the newer-version navigation cases. More features were solved in a convincing manner. The numbers of ouliers were diminished. Navigation in TKA using the OrthoPilot has become more safe and effective.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Increasing compliance with stretch breaks in computer users through reminder software.

In order for a repetitive strain injury (RSI) prevention program to be effective, it is important to implement strategies to maintain a client's compliance with the program. This quantitative study explored the effectiveness of computer reminder software in increasing compliance with a stretching program designed to prevent RSI associated with prolonged computer use. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 26 participants who were instructed in a preventative stretching program and assigned to either a treatment group with the computer reminder software, or a control group without the software. To measure compliance, all participants recorded the number of times per day they stretched. Although a statistically significant difference was not found in the mean number of stretch breaks taken by the two groups (p = 0.09), further analysis suggested a type II error may have occurred. The effect size, d, revealed a large effect suggesting that the computer software had an impact on the frequency of stretch breaks, with the mean number of breaks per hour of work greater for the treatment group. Results strongly suggest that further research is warranted in this area.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Development and its clinical application of an acid-base balance computer software].

OBJECTIVE: To develop acid-base balance computer software for estimating acid-base disturbance rapidly and accurately. METHODS: The data module was set up, based on Henderson-Hasselbalch (H-H) and compensation formula, and the program was written with Delphi 5.0. RESULTS: The right RESULTS was 100.0 percent in 118 cases of acid-base disturbance patients by the software, while those with the right RESULTS was 89.8 percent by hands (P<0.05). In 20 cases pure acid-base disturbance, 70 cases double acid-base disturbance and 28 cases with triple acid-base disturbance, it took only (9.0+/-0.6) seconds, (8.9+/-1.3) seconds and (9.1+/-1.6)seconds respectively, with software, while which were much less than those by hands ((20.4+/-16.8) seconds, (92.4+/-45.3) seconds and (128.6+/-66.4) seconds, respectively, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This software has a terse interface, by which the acid-base disturbance was concluded exactly and quickly.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed2004

Software approach to merging molecular with anatomic information.

Software image registration is a powerful and versatile tool that allows the fusion of molecular and anatomic information. Image registration can be applied to compare anatomic information with function, localize organs and lesions, and plan radiation therapy, biopsy, or surgery. Automatic volume-based image registration techniques have been devised for both linear and nonlinear image alignment. Challenges remain in the validation of the accuracy of software registration. Image registration has been applied clinically in neurology and oncology and may be particularly practical in radiotherapy applications. Potential new applications in cardiology could allow the combination of CT angiography with perfusion and viability images obtained by PET, SPECT, or MRI. Software methods allow versatility in the choice of modalities and facilitate retrospective and selective application. Fully automatic registration algorithms are needed for routine clinical applications. Connectivity, compatibility, and cooperation between various clinical departments are essential for the successful application of software-based image fusion in a hospital setting.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1992

FDA regulation of biomedical software.

A major problem faced by biomedical software developers and users is the complexity of the regulatory regimes confronting them. Of particular concern is whether, and to what extent, they are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the consequences of such regulation. Producers, distributors, and users of biomedical software often are unaware that FDA regulates many of these products as medical devices. Developers, vendors, distributors, or users of such software are subject to significant civil and criminal liability for noncompliance. This article explains the current regulatory requirements imposed on computer software developers and users by FDA, biomedical and some proactive strategies for avoiding adverse enforcement.

Documentation↗

PubMed2003

[Development of software system of medical monitoring equipment in spacecraft].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a software system that can gather, manage and transmit signals of electrocardiograms, respiration, body temperature and blood pressure at real time, in order to monitor physiological signals of astronauts. METHOD: Based on single-chip microprocessor, software system completed the A/D conversion, real-time signal processing, storage and transmission. RESULT: The software system realized data acquisition of electrocardiogram, respiration, body temperature and blood pressure, as well as heart rate extraction from electrocardiogram, storage of physiological data, and transmission of physiological parameters to spacecraft. CONCLUSION: The software system could meet the needs of medical monitoring during manned spaceflight.

Aerospace Medicine↗