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PubMedDate not supplied

[A new method of dental splinting].

A wire splint and the technique of its application for jaw immobilization is described. Stainless steel wires 0.7 to 1 mm in diameter are used to form the smooth and looplike parts applied to dentition in such a manner that loops be located closer to gingival margin and smooth part be situated in the vicinity of incisive margins of the teeth. Usually, the smooth part is an extension of looplike part of the splint and serves to embrace the lateral teeth into the splint. Both ends of the smooth part can be twisted together. The results of clinical application of the splint are compared to most common techniques and suggest major advantages of the novel splint.

Dental Occlusion↗

PubMed1983

Splint therapy for trigger finger in children.

During the last 9 years, 83 trigger digits in 65 children were treated using a modified coil spring splint which maintains the interphalangeal (IP) joint in neutral extension or hyperextension. Sixty-two digits (75%) were completely healed following splint therapy alone, after an average period of splinting for 9.4 months. Eight digits which did not improve with splinting were surgically treated. Splint therapy to maintain the IP joint in neutral extension or hyperextension proved markedly effective in our series.

Child↗

PubMed1995

A randomized clinical trial of intraoral soft splints and palliative treatment for masticatory muscle pain.

Thirty subjects seeking treatment for masticatory muscle pain at a university-based TMJ clinic were randomly assigned to soft-splint, palliative-treatment, and no-treatment groups. After 4 to 11 weeks of treatment, subjects were evaluated for changes from their baseline levels of symptoms, maximum pain-free opening, pain thresholds measured by a pressure algometer, and occlusal contacts. With the use of the multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of covariance, the results suggest that the soft-splint group had statistically significant improvement (P < .01), the palliative-treatment group had improvement that was not statistically significant, and the no-treatment group had a slight aggravation of symptoms. The soft-splint group had fewer occlusal contact changes assessed with shimstock compared to the palliative-treatment and no-treatment groups. The findings of this study suggest that the soft splint is an effective short-term treatment for reducing the signs and symptoms of masticatory muscle pain in patients, and the soft splint does not cause occlusal changes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Retention of teeth with reduced root length through use of a resin-bonded splint: a case report.

Orthodontic relapse and tooth migration are commonly observed in patients with severe postorthodontic root resorption. If conventional removable retention is not adequate, fixed splint retention is necessary. Proponents of flexible splints suggest that the difference in mobility between natural teeth and the rigid systems is responsible for the loss of cement seal in the rigid systems. Proponents of rigid splints suggest that the flexibility that allows physiologic movement of the teeth also contributes to fatigue and subsequent failure of the material in the flexible splint systems. A clinical technique for increasing retention, consequently improving the prognosis of a resin-bonded fixed splint, is described.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Evaluation of acupuncture and occlusal splint therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders.

One hundred patients showed signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder, were participated in a one year follow up study. The patients were randomly divided into four groups: Acuhealth treatment (group A), occlusal splint therapy (group B), Acuhealth and occlusal splint therapy (group C), and control (group D). Each group comprised 25 patients. The patients were examined before and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. At the three month evaluation, the patients who were not satisfied with the treatment outcome were offered additional treatment. The result showed that 87% of the patients treated by Acuhealth unit, 77.3% of the patients treated with occlusal splint therapy, and 91.3% of the patients received Acuhealth and occlusal splint therapy were improved subjectively and clinically after 3 months follow-up. The patients who responded well to treatment initially also responded well in the long run. The study showed that the Acuhealth unit proved to be an ideal early therapy for TMD, and complemented later with occlusal splint.

Acupuncture Points↗

PubMed1997

Suture splint: an alternative for luxation injuries of teeth in pediatric patients--a case report.

Stabilization of replanted tooth "splinting" is done to prevent further damage to the pulp and periodontal structure during the healing period. Suture and bonded resin splint is passive, semirigid and functional splint. It is easy to fabricate directly in mouth without lengthy laboratory procedures. A case is presented in which suture and bonded resin splint was performed on laterally luxated maxillary central incisor and avulsed lateral incisor. The splint was removed after one week and sufficient periodontal and gingival healing was observed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Short-term effects of the Michigan splint on muscular and joint pain].

BACKGROUND: In 1966 Ramfjord and Ash proposed the Michigan's splint that, at present, is one of the splints widely accepted for the treatment of craniomandibular disorders (CMD). METHODS: For this study, thirty-one subjects were examined according to the protocol of the European Academy of CMD; each patient indicated the intensity of pain using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). After therapy with Michigan's splint, the visit was repeated and the patient indicated again the VAS. RESULTS: The results showed that the splint has short-term benefit effects on the muscular and articular pain, even if the effects are lesser on the articular pain. CONCLUSIONS: The Michigan's splint is a valid device for therapy of CMD, moreover it is very cheap, very easy to use and without contraindications.

Craniofacial Dysostosis↗

PubMed1984

EMG response to alteration of tooth contacts on occlusal splints during maximal clenching.

Maximum clenching on an equilibrated occlusal splint yielded an increase of 17% in overall muscle activity over that of maximum intercuspation contributed mainly by masseter muscles. Maximum clenching on an anterior occlusal splint yielded a decrease of 13% in overall muscle activity compared with that of an equilibrated occlusal splint. When maximum clenching was performed with six left-sided teeth removed from contact while the left second molar remained in contact, there was no significant change in muscle activity when compared with that of an equilibrated occlusal splint. When left-sided muscles were compared with right-sided muscles for the same situation, there was no significant change. When maximum clenching was performed with all left-sided teeth removed from contact, there was a decrease of 21% in overall muscle activity compared with that of an equilibrated occlusal splint. When left-sided muscles were compared with right-sided muscles for the same situation, there was no significant change. Changes in the number of tooth contacts did not cause changes in the overall muscle activity during maximum clenching. Changes in the position of the tooth contacts altered the overall muscle activity during maximum clenching. Changes in occlusal contact symmetry did not cause changes in symmetry of muscle pairs during maximum clenching. Unilateral support produced the subjective response of pressure on the contralateral TMJ during maximum clenching.

Bite Force↗

PubMed1999

Optimum duration of splinting after endopyelotomy.

OBJECTIVE: Endopyelotomy is a well-accepted modality of treatment for pelviureteral junction (PUJ) obstruction, but the time period of stenting is debatable. The present study was aimed at evaluating the optimum duration and effectiveness of splinting after endopyelotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine consecutive patients with primary PUJ obstruction were randomized to have an external splint (for economic reasons) for 2 weeks or 4 weeks. Thirteen patients in each group were available for evaluation. The groups were comparable in age, sex, symptoms, and preoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR). All patients underwent antegrade endopyelotomy with placement of an 8F-12F polyethylene splint across the PUJ. A nephrostogram was performed after removal of splint at 2 or 4 weeks. Nondraining units were managed by putting in a 6F double-J stent for 6 weeks and considered failures. Patients were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months for symptomatic improvement, change in GFR, and drainage pattern on a diuretic renogram. RESULTS: At 1 year, a nonobstructed curve pattern was seen in 70% and improvement in GFR in 54% of the patients in the 2-weeks group, whereas in the 4-weeks group, these values were 54% and 39%, respectively. All patients in the 4-weeks group and 90% of those in the 2-weeks group were symptom free at 1 year of follow-up. Morbidity in terms of tube-related complications was comparable. CONCLUSION: Two weeks of splinting is as effective as 4 weeks in the successful outcome of endopyelotomy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Distal splint bone fractures in the horse: an experimental and clinical study.

An experimental and clinical study to investigate the aetiology of distal splint bone fractures is described. In vitro, extension of the fetlock did not appear to alter the position of the distal ends of the splint bones, although tension in the interosseous tendons increased. Flexion of the fetlock resulted in slight outward displacement of the distal ends of the splint bones. It is suggested that concurrent desmitis of the suspensory ligament can cause movement of the ends of the splint bones thus predisposing to a fatigue fracture. In a clinical study of 87 horses, 114 splint bone fractures were identified. In at least 70 per cent of horses, suspensory desmitis was present. Follow up information was available in 24 horses in which more than 80 per cent of the fractures healed spontaneously. Non-union fractures were not painful and did not cause lameness.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Microscopical splint epididymovasostomy.

Splint epididymovasostomy is a new approach in operative andrology. In 23 rats, a microscopical splint epididymovasostomy was done in two groups 40 days after sterilization using 5/0 polyglactic acid and 5/0 plain-catgut as a splint. 28 anastomoses could be evaluated. 3 months later, in 2 of the 16 animals (12.5%), spermatozoa were detected in the ejaculate after electro-ejaculation. In six of the specimens (27.3%), the methylene blue given from the vas deferens passed into the epididymis. The patency of these was also proved histopathologically. The catgut splints were absorbed within 3 months. Microscopical splint epididymovasostomy shows that this method can lead to a free passage of the spermatozoa.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Optimizing splinted ligation of highly structured small RNAs.

The synthesis of highly structured small RNAs containing nonstandard nucleotides is of high interest for structural and functional investigations. A general approach is the joining, by T4 DNA ligase-mediated splinted ligation, of two or more RNA fragments, each of which may contain its own set of modified nucleotides. The RNA fragments hybridize with a complementary DNA splint to form a ternary ligation-competent-complex (LCC), which is then turned over by the DNA ligase. We studied the formation of the LCC and its precursors using size exclusion chromatography combined with a fluorescence detector. The spatial proximity of two cyanine-dye-labeled RNA fragments in LCCs was detected by monitoring FRET. An observed correlation of LCC formation and ligation yields suggests the use of long splints to stabilize LCCs. Splint oligos of increasing length, which in general appear to reduce the number of different hybridization intermediate species found in a reaction mixture, were applied to the synthesis by T4-DNA-ligation of two highly structured target molecules, one a 73 mer tRNA, the other a 49 mer synthetic ribozyme. A stable LCC could be isolated and turned over with>95% ligation efficiency. In conclusion, the use of long splints presents a generally applicable means to overcome the low propensity of highly structured RNAs for hybridization, and thus to significantly improve ligation efficiencies.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2002

A comparison of splinted and banded Herbst appliances: treatment changes and complications.

The aims of this study were to compare the frequency of clinical problems, such as fracture and dislodgment, and the dentofacial changes in 28 13-year-old Chinese children with Class II, division 1 nalocclusions treated with either cast-metal splinted Herbst appliances or banded Herbst appliances. ne first fourteen children were treated with a maximum anchorage type of banded Herbst appliance for six months, and the remainder were treated with cast-silver splinted Herbst appliances for seven months. The dentofacial form and the treatment changes were assessed with one aid of pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs. The number of visits and the number of fractured and dislodged appliances were recorded. Both appliances had similar effects on the dentofacial structures. There were no statistically significant dentofacial differences between the groups at the conclusion of treatment. During treatment relatively few banded appliances were dislodged and few splinted appliances fractured. However, a large number of banded appliances fractured, and a similar number of splinted Herbst appliances were dislodged. The latter required less clinical and laboratory time to service and/or replace. It was concluded that splinted Herbst appliances are preferable to banded Herbst appliances because of the savings in clinical and laboratory time.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Neonatal chest wall suspension splint: a novel and noninvasive method for support of lung volume.

Surfactant and musculoskeletal immaturity results in lower compliance of the lung relative to the chest wall, with clinical manifestations of low lung volume, marked chest wall retractions (CWR), and thoracoabdominal asynchrony. Inspiratory efforts are dissipated on distorting the chest wall inward rather than recruiting lung volumes. The current study tests the hypothesis that a novel neonatal chest wall suspension splint (SP), designed to provide stability to the compliant chest wall, would reduce inspiratory chest wall retractions and improve lung volumes. Nine preterm infants (29 +/- 1 SE weeks of gestation; 1.59 +/- 0.27 SE kg study weight) were studied at 16 +/- 5 SE days of life at baseline (BL) and following application of the front plate (FP) and the full SP (Hug n Snug Neonatal Chest Splint, Respironics, Inc.). Phase angle of thoracoabdominal motion, CWR, functional residual capacity (FRC), and pulmonary function were evaluated during spontaneous breathing. Compared to BL, there was a significant decrease in anterior CWR (2.21 +/- 0.91 SE vs. 0.25 +/- 0.09 SE mm; P < 0.05), an increase in FRC (16.6 +/- 2.8 SE vs. 27.8 +/- 5.5 SE ml/kg; P < 0.05) and tidal volume (4.8 +/- 1.5 SE vs. 7.3 +/- 1.4 SE ml/kg; P < 0.05), minimal effect on pulmonary compliance (1.98 +/- 0.50 SE vs. 1.72 +/- 0.30 SE ml/cmH2O/kg), and a trend for a decrease in phase angle (128.4 +/- 10.9 SE vs. 111.8 +/- 19.3 SE) with the application of the splint. FRC correlated inversely with severity of CWR across all conditions (P < 0.05, r = -0.68). Phase angle was directly correlated to anterior CWR (r = 0.72; P < 0.05) and correlated inversely with FRC (P < 0.005; r = -0.56). We speculate that by improving CW stability, the use of this splint may reduce the energetic requirements of breathing and, potentially, the need for more invasive ventilatory support in the neonate.

Female↗

PubMed1992

The usefulness of nocturnal resting splints in the treatment of ulnar deviation of the rheumatoid hand.

Seven patients with definite RA and bilateral ulnar deviation of Fearnley grade I were included in a study of the usefulness of nocturnal resting splints. Each patient used the splint on average 17 months on one hand, randomly chosen, with the free hand as control. Joint mobility, grip strength, pain and radiographic findings were recorded at start and finish of the study. Splint treatment influenced grip strength positively, and most patients stated pain relief during the night. However, all but one patient showed progression of ulnar deviation in both hands, and there was no significant difference in progression between treated and nontreated hands. This study thus supported the use of resting splints at night for pain relief but not for prevention of ulnar deviation.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

[The influence of a controlled active motion splint on proprioception after anterior cruciate ligament plasty. A prospective randomized study].

BACKGROUND: A ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) leads to both mechanical and functional instability. Functional instability is caused by proprioceptive deficit. The aim of this study was to determine whether the proprioceptive deficit can be reduced by using a controlled active motion (CAM) splint postoperatively. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 50 patients with ACL rupture were randomized into two groups. After ACL plasty the PT group received postoperative physiotherapy, while the CAM group were managed with a CAM splint and physiotherapy. Proprioceptive ability was measured with a passive angle-reproduction test. RESULTS: On the day of discharge 80% of the patients in the CAM group and 25% in the PT group had a reduced proprioceptive deficit. Overall the main measured value in the CAM group improved by 83.7%, but deteriorated by 39.3% in the PT group. There was no significant difference between the CAM group and a healthy control group. CONCLUSION: Using a CAM splint in addition to physiotherapy after ACL plasty in comparison to physiotherapy alone decreases the proprioceptive deficit significantly. We recommend the use of a CAM splint in the postoperative management following ACL plasty.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗

PubMed1979

The maxillary orthopedic splint.

Craniomaxillary orthopedic correction of the skeletal imbalance of Class II malocclusions is often the desired method of treatment in these cases. The ability to apply a "pure" orthopedic force to the maxillary complex has so far eluded research efforts. However, the use of a maxillary splint with a high-pull extraoral traction assembly has been shown to be most effective in reducing Class II skeletal dysplasias through a combination of dentoalveolar and basal bone changes. Force delivery to the maxillary complex in Class II skeletal jaw disharmonies is through the teeth. The philosophy behind the use of the maxillary splint is that if the force delivered to the upper jaw involved the use of all the upper teeth (and hard palate) rather than only the maxillary first molars, as in conventional extraoral orthodontic therapy, the effect on the jaws would be more orthopedic than orthodontic in nature. The advantages of the use of the maxillary splint in the younger patient with a severe Class II malocclusion are that it reduces the vulnerability of the maxillary incisors to accidental fracture, while concomitantly reducing the Class II dysplasia, thereby effectively shortening the later-stage multiband corrective time and procedures. Further advantages of the maxillary splint described are ease of construction and clinical application, which makes it an attractive appliance for use in dental clinics or institutions in which patient volume, infrequent visits, and ecomomic factors are major considerations. This preliminary report on the philosophy of treatment procedure and description of the appliance design is to be followed by a further cephalometric and clinical evaluation of results achieved with its use.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1993

Do babies require arm splints after cleft palate repair?

Traditionally, arm restraints are used in children after cleft surgery to prevent traumatic disruption of the repair. A questionnaire amongst consultant plastic surgeons in the UK that restraints are in common use. However, a prospective randomised trial of 46 children having primary cleft palate repair showed that arm splints did not decrease the incidence of oronasal fistulae. Six of 21 children who had arm splints in the postoperative period and 5 of 25 who did not have splints developed an oronasal fistula. We have therefore abandoned the use of arm splints after cleft palate repair.

Arm↗