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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of bondable reinforcement fiber for post and core build-up in an endodontically treated tooth: maximizing strength and aesthetics.

Post/core placements in endodontically treated teeth are utilized as a means to retain a core or foundation for the final restoration. The question of whether a post placed in an endodontically treated tooth actually increases its strength is still being debated. Prefabricated metal posts have been used in most clinical situations in the past. Due to the reflection of metal through the remaining tooth structure, these posts present some concerns involving aesthetics. To address these concerns, this article presents a method of post fabrication using a bondable reinforcement fiber as the dowel post material. The learning objective of this article is to introduce this new post fabrication technique along with the materials utilized. A clinical case is used to present the technique.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1995

Discolouration of teeth: an overview of the diagnosis and management.

The dentist is faced with a daunting task in application of clinical skills to achieve maximum cosmetic results when it comes to the management of discoloured and/or hypoplastic dentition. In this paper, an overview is made of the diagnosis and the management of these broadly termed conditions and the cost-effectiveness of the various modalities discussed.

Dental Scaling↗
PubMed1994

Development of a quantitative measurement to assess the whitening effects of two different oxygenating agents on teeth in vivo.

A new approach to assess color change in teeth involves application of the Minolta CR-221 Chroma Meter. The process has been assessed in vitro by Dr. Stephen Rosenstiel of Ohio University and by Dr. Robert Seghi of the University of California School of Dentistry. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique to assess the tooth-whitening effects of peroxides on teeth in vivo, using a small-area colorimeter. Twenty male and female subjects participated. Study casts were made from alginate impressions. Two maxillary, white, polyvinyl siloxane, custom-postioning splints were fabricated for each subject. Each splint was modified to accept exactly the head of the colorimeter to a window exposing the middle one third of the facial surface of one central incisor. The coloimeter converts all colors within the range of human perception into a common numerical code. The use of the positioning splint allowed the researchers to reposition the colorimeter precisely for multiple reading each time measuremehts were taken. The color parameters were recorded in the L*a*b* color space. This method shows that multiple measurements on the same subject are consistent and statistically accurate. The standard deviation for L* (lightness) values was 0.22. This technique showed quantitatively the whitening effect on teeth to be increase in L* and a decrease in a* (red) and b* (yellow). The mean color difference (deltaE) for the 3-week study was 5.07.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Clinical comparison of Colgate Platinum Toothwhitening System and Rembrandt Gel Plus.

A 2-week, three-cell study was conducted to evaluate the tooth-whitening efficacy of the Colgate Platinum Professional Toothwhitening System vs Rembrandt Gel Plus (a regimen of products consisting of a 10% carbamide peroxide gel, a whitening toothpaste, and a mouthrinse), and a placebo paste. Seventy subjects completed this parallel, single-blind, three-compartment, randomized clinical study. The subjects were balanced into two groups based on a minimal shade of A3 on the Vita shade guide and assigned a product. The duration of product usage was 1 hour twice daily for 2 weeks. Change in tooth color was measured by reflectance spectroscopy using a colorimeter. The readings were taken in the L*, a*, b* color space at the initiation, at 1 week, and at 2 weeks of the study. Calculation of color change (delta E) was performed using the color difference equation established by the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage. Visual evaluation of shade changes was performed using the Vita shade guide. Results from this clinical study showed that Colgate Platinum was 77.7% more effective at tooth whitening after 1 week and 41.8% more effective after 2 weeks of treatment vs the Rembrandt regimen. Results showed that the Colgate product is significantly superior vs Rembrandt at increasing tooth whiteness (increase in delta E). Shade guide changes showed an overall improvement of 7.08 Vita tabs for the Colgate product and 5.12 Vita tabs for the Rembrandt regimen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of fluorosed and white-spot human enamel with calcium sucrose phosphate in vitro.

A number of treatments have been devised to improve the appearance of fluorosed enamel. However, many of these have been empirically based, and the success of the various treatment regimens have not been quantitated. In this study, the relative whiteness of normal, mildly fluorosed, moderately fluorosed, and carious white-spot lesions on extracted teeth was quantitated by light reflectance using a Minolta Chroma Meter. The color was again determined following a number of treatment regimens to assess the potential use of various agents in treating the enamel lesions. Treatment of the enamel with a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel resulted in a significantly increased whitening, which was not reduced by subsequent treatment (P < 0.05). Removal of the enamel surface with a dental bur, followed by treatment with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and placement in an artificial saliva was successful for returning white-spot lesions to a normal enamel color. Treatment of enamel with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite followed by calcium sucrose phosphate paste and placement in artificial saliva was most successful in returning both white-spot and fluorosed lesions to a normal color. SEM imaging of the calcium sucrose phosphate treated enamel suggests that this treatment filled the porous enamel, resulting in a normal light reflectance from the enamel.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of carbamide peroxide whitening agents on enamel surfaces and caries-like lesion formation: an SEM and polarized light microscopic in vitro study.

Whitening enamel with carbamide peroxide (CP) to remove cosmetically displeasing stains has become common-place in dental practice. This in vitro study evaluated CP treatment effects on enamel surface morphology and caries-like lesion susceptibility. Tooth quarters were prepared from 10 caries-free human molars following a fluoride-free prophylaxis. The tooth quarters were assigned to the following treatment groups: 1) Distobuccal-10 percent NW gel (Nite White, Discus Dental); 2) Distolingual-10 percent PL paste (Platinum, Colgate); 3) Mesiobuccal-16 percent NW gel; and 4) Mesiolingual-Control. Following the manufacturers' recommended treatment, each quarter was sectioned with one portion prepared for SEM and the other portion for caries-like lesion formation. Intact enamel surfaces were present with all treatments. Enamel prism markings with exaggerated prism peripheries and mild to moderate prism core loss were seen with both 10 percent NW and 16 percent NW gels, but was more prominent with 16 percent NW gel. Amorphous surface layers with occasional exposure of indistinct prism markings occurred with 10 percent PL paste. Body of lesion mean depths were 135 microns control, 159 microns 16 percent NW, 144 microns 10 percent NW, and 122 microns 10 percent PL. Lesion depths were significantly different (p < 0.05 DMR paired design) between 10 percent PL and 16 percent NW, and between control and 16 percent NW. Whitening enamel surfaces in vitro with 10 percent carbamide peroxide paste containing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (Colgate-Platinum) produced an amorphous surface layer and reduced caries susceptibility when compared with 16 percent carbamide peroxide gel (Nite White).

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMed1995

Aesthetic treatment of discoloration of nonvital teeth.

Attempts to treat discoloration in nonvital teeth were first reported a century ago. This article discusses two potential causes of nonvital tooth discoloration-trauma and endodontic treatment-along with a step-by-step clinical procedure for treatment of the discoloration. In trauma, hemoglobin is released into the tissues; iron oxides, formed by oxygen and iron in hemoglobin, cause discoloration and swelling that infringes on pulp space, forcing the pulp to recede with a potential loss of tooth vitality. After endodontic treatment, either hemorrhaging, materials used, or incomplete removal and breakdown of necrotic tissue may cause staining. The learning objective of this article is to review the causes and the prevention/treatment of discoloration in nonvital teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Conservative concepts for achieving anterior esthetics.

The options in conservative approaches to anterior esthetics include several that are often forgotten in favor of more complicated procedures. This article explores many of those treatments, including recontouring, abrasion and veneers.

Dental Enamel↗