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Results for “multimodal integration”

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PubMed1976

Efferent projections of the insular and temporal neocortex of the cat.

Anterograde degeneration resulting from small lesions placed in either the insular or temporal cortex were traced with the Fink-Heimer reduced silver procedure. In neocortical regions ipsilateral to the lesion axonal degeneration was present in auditory subdivisions AI, AII, Ep, I, T, in the second somatosensory area (SII), in the anterior and middle suprasylvian gyrus, in the posteromedial suprasylvian and posterior lateral gyri, in the posterior splenial gyrus, in the anterior two-thirds of the cingulate gyrus and in the orbitofrontal regions. With respect to interhemispheric connections, evidence was obtained for a dual pattern of projection. In addition to significant amounts of axonal and terminal degeneration in the corresponding insular or temporal fields, axonal degeneration was also present in posterior AII. In the thalamus degeneration was found in the medial dorsal, suprageniculate, and lateral posterior-pulvinar nuclei. In the posterior nuclear group (Po) and the principal division of the medial geniculate (GMp) evidence was obtained for a topographic pattern of projection; significantly more degeneration occurred in caudal Po following insular lesions whereas with temporal lesions more degeneration occurred in caudal GMp. Degeneration was also found in the dorsal cortex of the ipsilateral inferior colliculus, bilaterally in the deep layers of the superior colliculus and the periventricular central gray region, ipsilaterally in the ventromedial aspects of the head and body of the caudate nucleus, and in the lateral and central nuclei of the amygdala. These findings are discussed in terms of their significance for a possible role for the insular and temporal neocortex (I-T) in both multimodal sensory discrimination and sensory-visceral integrative functions.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Multiple management modalities in esophageal cancer: combined modality management approaches.

The overall success rate nationally in treating esophageal carcinomas remains poor, with over 90% of patients succumbing to the disease. In part I of this two-part series, we explored epidemiology, presentation and progression, work-up, and surgical approaches. In part II, we explore the promising suggestions of integrating chemotherapy and radiation therapy into the multimodal management of esophageal cancers. Alternative approaches to resection alone have been sought because of the overall poor survival rates of esophageal cancer patients, with failures occurring both local-regionally and distantly. Concomitant chemotherapy and radiation therapy (XRT) have been shown, by randomized trial, to be more effective than XRT alone in treating unresectable esophageal cancers and also have shown promise as a neoadjuvant treatment when combined with surgery in the multimodal treatment of this disease. Various studies have also addressed issues such as preoperative chemotherapy, radiation dose escalation, chemotherapy/XRT as a definitive treatment versus use as a surgical adjuvant, and alternative chemotherapy regimens. There are suggestions of some progress, but this remains a difficult problem area in which management is continuing to evolve.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2004

Recent advances in therapy for gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of death from cancer in Taiwan. Complete surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for gastric cancer. Randomized trials have failed to show the superiority of D2 over D1 dissection, and comparisons showing higher survival rates following more extensive surgery in Japan may have been influenced at least in part by the fact that D1 dissection underestimates disease stage in Western populations. No studies have shown convincing evidence of a survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. A regimen of postoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy can improve disease-free and overall survival compared with surgery alone. Inadequate lymph node dissection for local control is a major concern. For advanced disease, HDFL (weekly 24-hour infusion of high-dose 5-FU and leucovorin)-based 'doublet' chemotherapy forms a cornerstone of combination chemotherapy in gastric cancer, but the effect on prolonged median survival is minimal. A 'sequential' non-cross-resistant strategy may be useful to prolong overall survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer. There are indications that preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy may increase the resectability of tumors and reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence. In the future, substantial improvements of treatment outcome will likely depend on the integration of novel, molecularly targeted agents into multimodality treatment strategies for all stages of gastric cancer. Further clinical research is mandatory to develop optimal therapies for gastric cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1988

[Therapeutic advances in small cell bronchial cancers].

Small cell lung cancer is one of the most chemo and radiosensitive adult solid malignancies. The effects of treatment should be evaluated according to standardized rules to ensure reproducibility. Recent randomized clinical trials have shown that combined chemo and radiotherapy can improve survival. A 5-year survival rate of 20 per cent can be obtained for an initially limited disease. However, further improvement of results requires optimized drug combinations and multimodality approaches as well as a better integration of new biological concepts in therapeutic trials.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗

PubMed1997

Manual development for the treatment of child and adolescent disorders.

There has been a proliferation of treatment manuals in the past decade as part of an effort to operationalize treatment applications and standardize treatments across subjects, settings, and therapists. In this article we present the essential elements needed to develop manuals for the psychosocial and psychopharmacological treatments of child and adolescent disorders, using one modality or in multimodal treatment trials. We delineate how to integrate various treatment components for psychosocial and psychopharmacological manuals, as well as those for control conditions. We also examine the therapist variable as it concerns training and adherence to the structured or flexible scripted manuals. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of manuals in terms of how they may affect outcome, recommending that treatments be both empirically grounded and clinically meaningful.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Adjunctive therapy for spinal cord protection during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Paraplegia, resulting from spinal cord ischemia during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAA) repair, continues to be a devastating complication. The incidence of neurological complications, including paraplegia and paraparesis following TAA repair, ranges from 4% to 32% and averages 13% for nondissecting TAA and higher for dissecting TAA. Our current understanding of spinal cord ischemia associated with TAA repair has evolved from animal research and clinical experience. The pathophysiology of spinal cord ischemia is intricately related to three physiological variables. These include the severity and duration of spinal cord ischemia, neuronal reperfusion after reestablishment of spinal cord blood flow, and the neuronal metabolic rate during the ischemic insult. We have developed a multimodality approach to the prevention of neurological deficits, during and after TAA repair, which includes minimizing the severity of spinal cord ischemia, reducing the anticipated reperfusion phenomenon, and lowering the spinal cord metabolic rate. Over the past 16 years, the senior author has undertaken surgical repair of 265 TAAs using a multimodality approach in the protection of spinal cord integrity. In our experience, a combination of adjunctive therapies is critical to minimize the ischemic interval, reduce the neuronal reperfusion injury, and decrease spinal cord metabolism. These techniques have evolved over time, resulting in an overall neurological deficit rate of 4.5% and a neurological deficit at the time of hospital discharge of 1.9%. This article will outline our multimodality approach for spinal cord protection during TAA repair.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

A bioimaging integration system implemented for neurological applications.

A system aimed at the management and fusion of multimodal biomedical images, including X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography, has been implemented for neurological applications. This bioimaging integration system (BIS) consists of a network for image transmission from acquisition machines to dedicated image processing workstations, a software library for image standardization, and an image registration technique to project multimodal volumetric images into a common reference space. The registration procedure was evaluated in MRI/PET correlation studies, in which misalignment errors of 2.6 mm in the xy transaxial plane and 3.4 mm along the z axis were found. BIS has been validated for the anatomical-functional correlation analysis of MRI and PET images in neurological research protocols and clinical studies.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed2026

NeuroOmics-Net: An interpretable multimodal deep learning framework for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and progression prediction using neuroimaging, EEG, and genomic data.

Accurate diagnosis and progression prediction of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease, which involves structural brain degeneration, electrophysiological dysfunction, and molecular dysregulation. Most existing deep learning approaches rely on a single modality or limited multimodal combinations, thereby failing to capture the complex cross-domain interactions underlying AD progression. Furthermore, the scarcity of large-scale datasets containing synchronized neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and genomic measurements restricts the development of comprehensive multimodal diagnostic systems. To address these challenges, this study proposes NeuroOmics-Net, a multimodal deep learning framework for Alzheimer's disease analysis that integrates structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and gene expression data. The proposed framework combines a Hierarchical Multi-View Encoder (HME) for modality-specific feature extraction, a Cross-Omics Attention Fusion (CAF) module for adaptive integration of complementary biomarkers, and a Disease Progression Graph Learning (DPGL) module for modeling progression-related relationships across biological domains. To facilitate cross-modal integration from independent cohorts, Regularized Canonical Correlation Analysis (RCCA) is employed to align heterogeneous feature representations within a shared latent space. Experiments were conducted using publicly available datasets from ADNI, PhysioNet, and GEO repositories comprising 1120 diagnosis-aligned samples. The proposed framework achieved 94.3% classification accuracy and an AUC of 0.975 for distinguishing normal controls (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease subjects, while attaining 93.7% accuracy for predicting conversion from stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) to progressive mild cognitive impairment (pMCI). However, a fairness sensitivity analysis using stratified demographic reweighting revealed accuracy ranging from 90.8% (low-education, high-comorbidity proxy subgroup) to 96.1% (low-risk, high-reserve proxy subgroup), a demographic parity gap of 5.3 percentage points, indicating that overall accuracy reflects a performance ceiling in a relatively homogeneous research cohort rather than a realistic estimate for demographically diverse clinical populations. Comparative evaluations demonstrated consistent improvements over state-of-the-art unimodal and multimodal deep learning models. Interpretability analysis further identified clinically relevant biomarkers, including hippocampal and entorhinal atrophy, theta-alpha EEG alterations, and APOE-associated molecular pathways. Because sMRI, EEG, and gene expression data were sourced from separate, unpaired cohorts with no subjects possessing all three synchronized measurements, all reported cross-modal associations reflect population-level statistical correspondence across diagnosis-matched groups rather than within-subject physiological coupling; no claim of intra-individual causal cross-modal interaction is made. These findings demonstrate that NeuroOmics-Net provides an effective computer-aided framework for multimodal biomedical data processing and Alzheimer's disease analysis. By integrating neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and genomic information, the proposed approach enables accurate diagnosis, progression prediction, and biologically interpretable decision support for clinical and translational applications.

Humans↗

PubMed1985

Utility of multimodality evoked potentials in cerebral injury.

With technical rigor and a few modifications, reliable recordings of multimodality evoked potentials can be obtained in patients suffering head injury. The integrity or complexity of the EP waveform appears to be the best indicator of the reversibility of injury to the CNS. A multimodality approach is recommended in head trauma to enhance the sample of brain tissue evaluated, as a single pathway courses a very limited region of brain. In head injury, the EP and clinical findings do not correlate perfectly, although they are generally in agreement. In most cases, the EPs are accurate prognostic indicators and the rate of error of prediction is actually slightly lower than that of the clinical examination in head trauma. Serial evaluations are often necessary as a patient's course and prognosis may change. These changes may not be readily apparent on clinical examination. The information provided by MEP studies is quite helpful when the clinical examination is incomplete or inconsistent. Even when clinical data are available, the EP results, when combined with other indicators of neurologic integrity, afford a firmer basis for diagnostic and prognostic decisions.

Auditory Pathways↗

PubMed2004

Early integrative cognitive development in human infants.

This article argues that the multimodal processing of sensorial flows is a biological property of organisms. Already effective at birth, the multimodal processing of flows organizes the infant's environment and unifies his/her perception, permitting the perception of multimodal but unified objects. The multimodal processing of sensorial flows is also a setting event for self-perception because it allows the infant to resolve two crucial questions: what is the source of the flow and where is the action. Lastly the multimodal processing of sensorial flows identifies very early cognitive processes in newborn infants.

Brain↗

PubMed1997

Topoisomerase I inhibitors: review and update.

This review presents a summary of preclinical and clinical data on the topoisomerase I (topo I) inhibitors that are under clinical development. To date, all of the topo I inhibitors that have been clinically evaluated are analogues of camptothecin, an extract of the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata. The therapeutic development of camptothecin was initially limited by its poor solubility and unpredictable toxicity. More recently, a number of water-soluble camptothecin analogues have undergone extensive evaluation and have demonstrated significant clinical activity. These include irinotecan (CPT-II), topotecan, and 9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC). Preliminary data are also reviewed on other camptothecin analogues (GG-211 and DX-8951f), on oral formulations, and on non-camptothecin topoisomerase I inhibitors. The topoisomerase I inhibitors have already demonstrated a broad spectrum of antitumour activity, most probably due to their unique mechanism of action and lack of clinical cross-resistance with existing antineoplastic compounds. The challenge for the next five years is to identify ways to integrate the topo I inhibitors into multidrug and multimodality therapies to achieve optimal antitumour effect, while keeping the side effects of these therapies manageable.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Remote multiplexing of holograms with random patterns from multimode fiber bundles.

We propose the remote multiplexing of holograms with random patterns from a multimode fiber bundle used as the reference beams. The random pattern reference beam is characterized by the superposition and concatenation of propagation modes of multimode fiber and free space. For angle, shift, and wavelength remote multiplexing we compare two methods of laser coupling to the fiber bundle, i.e., direct coupling and lens coupling. A theoretical discussion that uses mode orthogonality is provided to describe multiplexing characteristics, and the theory is verified by experimental results. These remote-multiplexing methods can be applied to general multimode waveguide arrays for construction of compact and integrated optical systems in which multiplexing can be controlled remotely.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1980

A multimodal approach to elimination of stuttering.

Various approaches have been used in the treatment of stuttering. However, none of these approaches have been systematically incorporated via a multifaceted treatment program for the elimination of this disorder. The following case of a 15-yr.-old stutterer is presented to illustrate Lazarus' Multimodal Behavior Therapy Model, which is proposed to integrate various procedures whose singular effectiveness has been demonstrated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Multimodal inputs to the granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus.

There is growing evidence that hearing involves the integration of many brain functions, including vision, balance, somatic sensation, learning and memory, and emotional state. Some of these integrative processes begin at the earliest stages of the central auditory system. In this review, we will discuss evidence that reveals multimodal projections into the granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

TCRspec: A Recognition Interface-Informed Multimodal Method for TCR-pMHC Specificity Prediction.

Specific recognition between T-cell receptors (TCRs) and peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs) is central to adaptive immunity, yet accurate prediction of TCR-pMHC specificity remains challenging. Existing models mainly rely on sequence features or isolated molecular structures, limiting their ability to capture interface-level determinants within the ternary recognition complex. Here, we constructed the multimodal TCR-pMHC ternary complex (MM-TCR) data set, integrating paired TCR-pMHC sequences, V/J gene annotations, and modeled TCR-pMHC complex structures refined by short molecular dynamics-based relaxation. Based on MM-TCR, we developed TCRspec, an interpretable multimodal framework combining sequence embeddings, gene-usage features, and complex-level structural representations. Under a stringent CD-HIT TCR-cluster-disjoint split, TCRspec achieved an average AUROC of 0.896 and AUPRC of 0.882 across seven antigen-specific test data sets, outperforming representative baseline models. Cross-validation and ablation analyses confirmed the contribution of ternary complex structural information and MD-refined structures. In independent OOD peptide-TCR systems, TCRspec retained discriminative performance and identified model-inferred peptide positions associated with TCR recognition, providing a structure-informed framework for TCR specificity prediction.

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell↗

PubMed2002

Multimodality in the superior colliculus: an information theoretic analysis.

The deep superior colliculus (DSC) integrates multisensory input and triggers an orienting movement toward the source of stimulation (target). It would seem reasonable to suppose that input of an additional modality should always increase the amount of information received by a DSC neuron concerning a target. However, of all DSC neurons studied, only about one half in the cat and one-quarter in the monkey were multimodal. The rest received only unimodal input. Multimodal DSC neurons show the properties of multisensory enhancement, in which the neural response to an input of one modality is augmented by input of another modality, and of inverse effectiveness, in which weaker unimodal responses produce a higher percentage enhancement. Previously, we demonstrated that these properties are consistent with the hypothesis that DSC neurons use Bayes' rule to compute the posterior probability that a target is present given their stochastic sensory inputs. Here we use an information theoretic analysis of our Bayesian model to show that input of an additional modality may indeed increase target information, but only if input received from the initial modality does not completely reduce uncertainty concerning the presence of a target. Unimodal DSC neurons may be those whose unimodal input fully reduces target uncertainty and therefore have no need for input of another modality.

Bayes Theorem↗

PubMed2026

Dual-Reporter Gene-Based Multimodal Imaging for Tracking Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Diabetic Skin Wound Repair.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a clinically challenging complication characterized by poor healing outcomes, and conventional therapies provide limited benefit. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation offers a promising strategy for DFU repair. However, the low survival of transplanted MSCs in the hostile wound microenvironment, coupled with the lack of real-time, non-invasive methods to track these cells in vivo, severely hampers their therapeutic efficacy and clinical translation. METHODS: We engineered MSCs to co-express a dual reporter system comprising near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). These modified cells were then integrated with a fibrin glue (FG) scaffold to create a unified platform that supports both multimodal imaging and therapeutic function within skin wounds. First, FTH1 overexpression enhances the antioxidant capacity of MSCs, while the FG scaffold provides structural support; this combination enhances cell survival and retention. Second, the iRFP/FTH1 dual reporter enables near-infrared fluorescence imaging and MRI-based localization, establishing a multimodal platform for real-time cell tracking. RESULTS: In a full-thickness skin defect model in diabetic mice, multimodal imaging revealed that transplanted cells persisted in the wound area for approximately seven days. Treatment with iRFP/FTH1-MSCs/FG significantly accelerated wound closure and promoted hair follicle regeneration and angiogenesis. Additionally, local iron deposition resulting from FTH1 expression enhanced fibroblast migration and collagen synthesis, further facilitating extracellular matrix remodeling. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that this therapy drives macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and activates the PI3K-AKT-VEGF signaling pathway. These complementary effects synergistically enhance tissue regeneration and systematically improve diabetic wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, this multimodal stem cell-scaffold system effectively integrates dynamic cell tracking with stem cell therapy during skin wound repair. It addresses a critical technical gap in visualizing stem cells within the wound microenvironment and provides valuable methodological and theoretical foundations for optimizing regenerative strategies for diabetic skin wounds.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Principles of multimodal imaging.

Current medical practice deals with a variety of multimodal information (X-ray film, ultrasound, CT, MR, ECG and EEG, laboratory results, medical records, etc.) Diagnosis and treatment demand an integrated view of this information including the patient's record and history. This paper describes multimodal imaging approaches to such a system with regard to (i) user interface, (ii) data management (including access control), (iii) registration and modality matching based on reference models, and (iv) interface to the modalities.

Data Display↗