PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Acinetobacter Infections”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Intravenous colistin as therapy for nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.

Sixty nosocomial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, quinolones, penicillins, monobactams, and imipenem were treated with colistin (one patient had two infections that are included as two different cases). The infections were pneumonia (33% of patients), urinary tract infection (20%), primary bloodstream infection (15%), central nervous system infection (8%), peritonitis (7%), catheter-related infection (7%), and otitis media (2%). A good outcome occurred for 35 patients (58%), and three patients died within the first 48 hours of treatment. The poorest results were observed in cases of pneumonia: only five (25%) of 20 had a good outcome. A good outcome occurred for four of five patients with central nervous system infections, although no intrathecal treatment was given. The main adverse effect of treatment was renal failure; 27% of patients with initially normal renal function had renal failure, and renal function worsened in 58% of patients with abnormal baseline creatinine levels. Colistin may be a good therapeutic option for the treatment of severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2026

Necrotizing fasciitis associated with Acinetobacter lactucae and Bacillus paramobilis infections in 2 dogs.

Two immunocompetent dogs from separate households were presented to a tertiary referral hospital with soft tissue wounds attributable to severe bacterial infection. A 5-y-old, castrated male Golden Retriever dog (case 1) was presented with extensive hemorrhagic cellulitis of the forelimbs and neck that developed over 48-h and was attributable to Acinetobacter lactucae infection. Additionally, an 8-y-old, spayed female Labrador Retriever-mix dog (case 2) sustained a deep penetrating wound over the left hip that progressed over 24 h to necrotizing fasciitis, from which Bacillus paramobilis was isolated. Histopathologic findings in both cases included severe acute, skeletal muscle necrosis and necrosuppurative myofasciitis, dermatitis, and panniculitis with intralesional rod-shaped bacteria. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial isolates revealed numerous cytolytic toxins and other virulence genes carried by the isolates, expanding the profile of these 2 bacteria. To our knowledge, canine cases of A. lactucae and B. paramobilis associated with necrotizing fasciitis have not been reported previously. In both cases, progression from an inciting incident to septic disease was extremely rapid, occurring within 48 h in case 1 and 24 h in case 2, underscoring the fulminant nature of necrotizing fasciitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Identification of acinetobacter species isolated from human infections based on a new classification by Bouvet and Grimont].

The genus Acinetobacter was recently re-classified by Bouvet and Grimont who described four new species, A. baumannii, A. haemolyticus, A. johnsonii and A. junii, and five unnamed genospecies, with a re-definition of A. calcoaceticus and A. lwoffii which appeared in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, 1980. One hundred and twenty-eight clinical isolates previously identified as Acinetobacter were retrieved from storage and re-characterized by using a system based on the grouping reactions described by Bouvet and Grimont. Of these 86.7%, 2.3%, and 1.6% were identified as A. baumannii, A. junii and Acinetobacter genospecies 11, respectively, and the remaining 9.4% of the cultures were unidentified. None of the cultures identified as A. calcoaceticus and A. lwoffii was included in the 128 cultures.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed2004

In vitro activity and potency of an intravenously injected antimicrobial peptide and its DL amino acid analog in mice infected with bacteria.

We report that intravenous injection (3 mg/kg of body weight twice daily) of a diastereomer (containing 33% D amino acids) of an antimicrobial peptide, K6L9 (LKLLKKLLKKLLKLL-NH2), but not the all-L-amino-acid parental peptide, cures neutropenic mice infected with gentamicin-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gentamicin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria. Various biophysical experiments suggest a membranolytic-like effect.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2004

Interhospital transfer of pan-resistant Acinetobacter strains in Johannesburg, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Acinetobacter species infections are increasingly found to cause nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units. These pathogens are difficult to eliminate from the hospital environment, and the emergence of multiple-drug-resistant strains complicates patient treatment. In this retrospective study, several strains were analyzed to study the possible spread of pan-resistant strains. METHODS: Macrorestriction analysis was performed on isolates collected in July 2001 from Johannesburg Hospital and strains collected from a number of hospitals in Johannesburg a year later. RESULTS: A strain endemic to Johannesburg Hospital that was cefepime and ceftazidime sensitive in 2001 developed resistance to these antibiotics within 1 year. This and other resistant strains were found to have spread among academic and private hospitals in the area by July 2002. CONCLUSIONS: The development of resistance is believed to be a response to antibiotic pressure and the spread of resistant strains a result of health care worker and/or patient transfer among hospitals. This snapshot epidemiologic study highlights the need to institute stricter infection control measures to limit the spread of organisms such as Acinetobacter among hospitals.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1999

Six-year prospective study of risk and prognostic factors in patients with nosocomial sepsis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.

In this prospective study, the risk factors associated with nosocomial sepsis Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared. Prior use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, urinary tract catheter, prior surgery, and mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with nosocomial sepsis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. The mean prognostic factors significantly associated with mortality were known focus of infection, multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and inappropriate antibiotic treatment. Adequate knowledge of these findings is important to ensure appropriate management of patients and rational use of antibiotics.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outbreak of a multiply resistant Acinetobacter in a surgical intensive care unit: epidemiology and control.

During January, 1976 seven patients in an SICU became colonized or infected with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (variation, anitratum) at an attack rate of 12.5 per cent. The organism showed a marked reduction in antimicrobial sensitivity from previous experience. Comparison with 34 uninfected control patients indicated that intubation and continuous ventilatory assistance were significantly associated with acquiring the organism (p = 0.0154). Acinetobacter was cultured from nurses' hands, AMBU adaptors, respirator apparatus, respirometers, and unlabeled bottles of saline used for tracheal irrigation. Control measures were designed to interrupt transmission. The investigation identified the nursing techniques and reservoirs that allowed this outbreak to occur, and we emphasize the need for close surveillance of patient care procedures in an intensive care unit.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of efficacy of cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem/cilastatin for treatment of Acinetobacter bacteremia.

Multiple antibiotic resistance threatens successful treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections worldwide. Increasing interest in the well-known activity of sulbactam against the genus Acinetobacter has been aroused. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes for patients with Acinetobacter bacteremia treated with cefoperazone/sulbactam versus imipenem/cilastatin. Forty-seven patients with Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia were analyzed through a retrospective review of their medical records for antibiotic therapy and clinical outcome. Thirty-five patients were treated with cefoperazone/sulbactam, and twelve patients with imipenem/cilastatin. The percentage of favorable response after 72 hours was not statistically different between cefoperazone/sulbactam group and imipenem/cilastatin group. The mortality rate was not statistically different, too. Cefoperazone/sulbactam was found to be as useful as imipenem/cilastatin for treating patients with Acinetobacter bacteremia.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed2004

Microbiology and drug resistance mechanisms of fully resistant pathogens.

The acquisition of vancomycin resistance by Gram-positive bacteria and carbapenem resistance by Gram-negative bacteria has rendered some hospital-acquired pathogens impossible to treat. The resistance mechanisms employed are sophisticated and very difficult to overcome. Unless alternative treatment regimes are initiated soon, our inability to treat totally resistant bacteria will halt other developments in medicine. In the community, Gram-positive bacteria responsible for pneumonia could become totally resistant leading to increased mortality from this common infection, which would have a more immediate impact on our current lifestyles.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2005

Acinetobacter as a causative agent in preseptal cellulitis.

BACKGROUND: The bacterial genus Acinetobacter, once viewed as inconsequential, has been increasingly implicated as a significant pathogen. Acinetobacter is becoming progressively more resistant to older and newer-generation antibiotics. The primary species encountered in infections is Acinetobacter baumannii. CASE REPORT: A 39-year-old woman came in for treatment of a preseptal cellulitis and conjunctivitis. She was referred to W.W. Hastings Optometry Clinic eleven days after first being diagnosed with a hordeolum that developed into a preseptal cellulitis, despite the use of oral cephalexin anazithromycin. After being referred, the patient was placed on oral regimen of gatifloxacin and topical ciprofloxacin. The patient gradually improved over the next 10 days, with full resolution occurring 21 days after the first presentation. Culturing revealed the offending organism to be Acinetobacter. DISCUSSION: Most ocular infections are still caused by common organisms such as Staphylococcus. However, atypical bacteria such as Acinetobacter are responsible for a minority of infections. Careful consideration of patient history and clinical signs must be made to differentiate preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis. CONCLUSION: This case emphasizes that clinicians need to be aware of emerging and resistant bacteria in ocular infections. Infections that do not respond to traditional therapy should be treated aggressively with the latest-generation antibiotics. Ocular infections that do not resolve in a timely manner should be cultured for the offending organism and these organisms should be tested for susceptibility to anti-microbial drugs.

Acinetobacter↗