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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Stimulation of mycelial growth of Endothia parasitica by heavy metals.

Of 16 metal cations tested on agar medium, only copper and iron stimulated mycelial growth of Endothia parasitica in relatively high concentrations. Similarly enhanced growth was produced in high (32%) glucose concentrations and also when the fungus was grown on cellophane placed over the agar surface. E. parasitica secreted large amounts of oxalate that precipitated primarily as calcium oxalate at the periphery of the fungal colony, causing an opaque halo in the medium. Mycelial growth was retarded greatly when calcium oxalate accumulated, but retardation was reversed by copper and iron salts that prevented accumulation of the calcium oxalate crystals. E. parasitica grew well on media containing copper oxalate and copper-calcium oxalate but grew poorly with calcium oxalate as the carbon source and was inhibited by sodium oxalate in the medium. The specificity by which only copper and iron salts stimulated mycelial growth suggested that the metal and oxalate ions interact to form specific oxalate complexes that reverse the inhibition of simple oxalate salts. This probably accounts for enhanced growth in the presence of otherwise toxic levels of metals and oxalate. The stimulation did not occur in liquid cultures.

Agar↗
PubMed1974

Detecting the enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strains.

An optimal sensitivity plate method for examining large number of staphylococcal strains for production of the known enterotoxins (A-E) is presented. Small volumes of relatively concentrated enterotoxin are produced by the semi-solid agar, cellophane-over-agar, or sac culture techniques. Detection of the enterotoxin in the supernatant fluid is accomplished with the optimal sensitivity plate method. In this method small plastic petri dishes (50 mm) were used for a modified Ouchterlony of high sensitivity.

Agar↗
PubMed1970

Anticoagulation by ancrod for haemodialysis.

The defibrinating agent ancrod (Arvin) was used instead of heparin for intermittent haemodialysis. It was an effective, and apparently safe, anticoagulant and reduced the deposition of fibrin and leucocytes on the Cellophane membrane. Administration was more complicated and urea dialysance was less with ancrod than with heparin.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Role of substrate mycelium in colony development in Streptomyces.

Cellophane cultivation techniques have been proven to be useful for the study of colony growth in Streptomyces. Results obtained by this procedure indicate that, in S. antibioticus, substrate mycelium was a nutrient support for aerial mycelium growth. Oleandomycin synthesis starts before aerial mycelium formation and may play an important role during colony growth.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1999

Artificial dialysis membranes: from concept to large scale production.

The development of hemodialysis from an experimental concept to a routine medical therapy is closely related to research, manufacturing and availability of dialysis membranes. Collodion, a cellulose-trinitrate derivative, was the first polymer to be used as an artificial membrane and played a central role in further investigations and applications. Basic studies on the mechanism of solute transport through membranes, like diffusion, were done by A. Fick and T. Graham using collodion as a membrane material. In vivo dialysis in animals and humans was performed with collodion by J. Abel in the USA and G. Haas in Germany. Cellophane and Cuprophan membranes replaced collodion later, because of their better performance and mechanical stability. However, due to its alleged lack of hemocompatibility, membranes made from unmodified cellulose lost their market share. They have been replaced by modified cellulosic and synthetic dialysis membranes which show a better hemocompatibility than unmodified cellulose membranes. Most of the new membrane materials are also available in high-flux modifications and for this reason suitable as well for more effective therapy modes, such as hemodiafiltration and hemofiltration. The success of hemodialysis as a routine therapy is also the success of membrane development, because both, a reproducible membrane production and an unlimited availability of dialysis membranes have increased the number of dialyzed patients to about 1 million patients worldwide in 1999.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of angiotensin II in renal wrap hypertension.

The role of angiotensin II in the development of renal wrap hypertension was studied in rabbits that underwent either bilateral renal cellophane wrap or sham operation. In half the rabbits, angiotensin II production was blocked by continuous administration of enalapril. Four weeks after renal wrapping, mean arterial pressure had risen by 48 +/- 5 mm Hg in untreated rabbits, but by only 25 +/- 4 mm Hg in enalapril-treated rabbits (p less than 0.01). Similar differences were also measured 6 weeks after wrapping. In untreated rabbits, plasma renin activity had increased fourfold 4 and 6 weeks after renal wrapping. There were no significant changes in blood pressure or plasma renin activity following sham operation. Compared with that in sham-operated rabbits, renal blood flow was reduced by 60% in the untreated rabbits 4 weeks after wrapping but by only 30% in the enalapril-treated wrapped rabbits (p less than 0.05). Renal vascular resistances were 5.5 +/- 1.7 mm Hg . ml-1 . min-1 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 mm Hg . min . ml-1 in the untreated wrapped and sham-operated rabbits respectively and 1.9 +/- 0.4 mm Hg . min . ml-1 and 0.8 +/- 1 mm Hg . min . ml-1 in the enalapril-treated wrapped and sham-operated rabbits. Renal wrapping did not alter filtration fraction in untreated rabbits, but markedly reduced it in enalapril-treated rabbits. These results suggest that angiotensin II had two major effects in rabbits after bilateral renal wrapping: it contributed substantially to the increase in blood pressure and caused renal vasoconstriction, primarily at a postglomerular site.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2006

Circumcaval ureter associated with an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a dog.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 4-month-old Bernese Mountain Dog was examined because of shifting hind limb lameness and lethargy of 2 weeks' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS: The lameness was attributed to hypertrophic osteodystrophy. Portosystemic shunting was suspected on the basis of low serum albumin concentration and high serum bile acids concentration, and an intrahepatic shunt was identified ultrasono-graphically. Celiotomy was performed, and the shunt was partially closed with a cellophane band. During follow-up ultrasonography 7 months later, dilation of the left renal pelvis and proximal portion of the left ureter was identified. During exploratory celiotomy, the left ureter was found to pass dorsal to the caudal vena cava, and circumcaval ureter was diagnosed. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The ureter was transected, repositioned ventral to the vena cava, and anastomosed. Follow-up ultrasonographic examinations revealed gradual resolution of the hydronephrosis and hydroureter. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggest that circumcaval ureter should be considered in the differential diagnosis for hydronephrosis and hydroureter in dogs. Partial obstruction of the middle segment of the ureter on ultrasonograms or contrast radiographs should increase the index of suspicion for this condition.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

[Inspection of inner structure of sealed 60Co sources by the autoradiography with radcolor film].

In studies using 60Co gamma-ray irradiation, an extremely high dose rate is often required and samples must be placed very near a 60Co source. The dose rate in the vicinity of the source depends on the inner structure of the source. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the distribution of source activity. As a method of the examination an autoradiographic technique using several coloring materials for irradiation was tried. The materials used were "Radcolor film" developed by our center, besides a glass, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and a blue cellophane. Results showed that the autoradiography with Radcolor film is very useful to examine the position, the size and the activity difference of 60Co pieces by the change of color.

Autoradiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic portosystemic shunt attenuation in two dogs.

Laparoscopic portosystemic shunt attenuation was successfully performed in two dogs. Aberrant vessels were noted on visual examination of the abdominal vasculature. Cellophane bands were placed around the vessel laparoscopically for attenuation. The dogs had minimal postoperative morbidity, and there was biochemical evidence of adequate shunt ligation at follow-up examination.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemodialysis 1912-1945: no medical technology: before its time: part I.

W. J. Kolff's development of the first clinical dialysis device was a remarkable achievement in the absence of any previous extensive laboratory or experimental data. An examination of the four decades before the emergence of dialysis provides a unique occasion to see how science and medical technology evolved relative to the growth of complex bodies of knowledge. Dialysis emerged from the development of six distinct scientific and medical knowledge bases: 1) mechanical forces (diffusion and convection); 2) anticoagulants (hirudin and heparin); 3) membranes (collodion and cellophane); 4) kidney physiology; 5) serum and urine analysis; and 6) clinical perceptions and treatment. Each area progressed independent of the others and at different rates of speed. Basic sources of information were found in Index Medicus, Biological Abstracts, and Chemical Abstracts between 1900 and 1945. These references were surveyed for articles and the main reference works that delineated historic stages in each. With a critical mass of knowledge, Kolff envisioned a technologic solution to specific clinical needs. His work is illustrative of how medical science and practitioners work in a dynamic manner drawing from a wide array of scientific areas to meet clinical needs.

Cellophane↗
PubMed2000

[Storage of cereal bars with mesquite cotyledon (Prosopis chilensis (Mol) Stuntz)].

The use of walnut or peanut in the elaboration of cereal bars represents a possible risk of undesirable changes during their storage due to their high content of unsaturated fatty acids in the oil; oxidizing of the fatty acids is one of the main causes of deterioration. Development of new snack products implies the use of packages that should protect the food against the damage caused by light and reduce the oxygen concentration of in their interior. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensory changes in the storage of cereal bars with peanut or walnut and mezquite cotyledon subjected to two thermal treatments, packed in cellophane or milky polypropilene. Four types of bars were elaborated with 6% of mezquite cotyledon, treated by microwaves or toasted, and with 18% of peanut or walnut. The bars were stored for 90 days at room temperature; and each 30 days it was measured moisture content, peroxides index, water activity, sensory quality and acceptability. The peroxides values (4.9-13.8 meq/kg of oil) indicates that the shelf life of the bars in all the studied treatments was 90 days. The packaging materials used allows to maintain in good conditions, for 3 months, the cereals bars of moisture (7.4-11.2%), water activity (0.50-0.65) and sensory acceptability.

Arachis↗
PubMed1975

[Effects of slowly progressive constriction on the proximal pancreas of the rabbit].

Slow, progressive constriction with cellophane tape was experimented on the proximal segment of the rabbit pancreas. Histological examination of the distal segment over a period of 10-30 days showed the appearance of morphological changes reminiscent of chronic pancreatopathy in man. Stress is laid on the need for an experimental model suitable for the provocation of chronic forms, particularly if similar results can be obtained on animals of larger size.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Mechanical test methods of biomedical membranes such as used for otolaryngology.

Biomedical membranes, such as artificial tympanic membranes, are subject to noncontact internal air pressure. To estimate mechanical characteristics of such membranes, it is necessary to carry out the noncontact pressure test and membranous contact test, in addition to the usual monotonic tensile test, by using a rectangular specimen cut from the membranes. In this paper, these mechanical test methods and results on such biomedical membranes were studied. Some of the authors have already presented the mechanical test methods of cellophane membrane for hemodialysis under applied water pressure. Herein, we are concerned with the mechanical test methods of biomedical membranes such as tympanic membrane, in which gaseous pressure was applied.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in three socioeconomically-different regions of Sivas, Turkey.

The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of parasites in three socioeconomically-different regions (Alibaba, Esentepe, and Cayboyu) of Sivas, Turkey, to determine the most accurate method for the diagnosis of taeniasis and enterobiasis, to determine the importance of household visits in primary healthcare to control parasitic diseases, and to treat intestinal parasitic diseases in those regions. Both stool specimens and cellophane tape (CT) samples were taken from 1,864 participants during 641 household visits in the three regions. The age groups included were pre-school [(0-6 year(s)], primary school (7-15 years), and the upper age group (16 years and above). The total prevalence of intestinal parasites in the three regions was 37.2%. Eleven intestinal parasite species were detected in both stool specimens and CT samples. Giardia intestinalis and Enterobius vermicularis were the most frequent species identified in all the three regions. Region I (Alibaba) had a higher prevalence of parasites compared to the other two regions. There was no significant difference between Region II (Esentepe) and Region III (Cayboyu) in isolation of intestinal parasites. There were statistically significant differences between the age groups when the rates of parasitic infection were compared. The highest prevalence of parasitosis was observed among the age group of 7-15 years and in the socioeconomically lowest one of the three regions. While the most accurate way of diagnosis for taeniasis was the combined usage of the CT and direct preparation methods, the CT method was the best method for the diagnosis of enterobiasis. Thus, the local administrators in cities need to pay more attention to the prevention of parasitic infections along with improvements in educational, environmental and sanitary conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Somatic hybridization and oncogenesis; (Mechanism of formation of malignant tumors and metastases by the action of antilymphocytic serum).

The results of experiments carried out to test some of the consequences of the earlier general theory of oncogenesis, according to which the malignant tumor cell can arise as a result of somatic hybridization of cells of different organ- and tissue-specificity, are described. In the first series a tumor induced by cellophane film, was grafted into syngeneic and allogeneic mice, and antilymphocytic serum (ALS) was then injected. Metastases occurred only in allogeneic recipients receiving ALS. It was thus shown that the ability of cells of this particular tumor to metastasize is not a property inherent in its cells but is acquired by them as a result of interaction with the recipient organism. In the second series it was shown by two immunological methods that the cells of metastases arising under these conditions contain tissue compatibility antigens of donor and recipient origin, i. e., that they are somatic hybridsmin the third series skin from individuals of another strain was grafted on to mice and ALS was injected; hepatomas developed in 74% of these mice. The theory is used to explain several phenomena of carcinogenesis not explicable by other theories: the phenotypic nature of cell transformation, the causes and nature of the duration of the latent period of tumor development, the mechanism responsible for the ability of tumors to overcome the system of immunological defense, the mechanism of activation of endogeneous oncogenic viruses, etc. Finally an answer is given to the question: what is a tumor?

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A new method of cultivating Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

The possibility is shown of microcultivation of Mycobacteria tuberculosis on semipermeable cellophane membranes covering solid nutrients. The new method of cultivation may be used for enhanced microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis, for determination of drug resistance of the tuberculous pathogen as well as for assessment of the biological properties of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in live unstained culture.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1975

Drug diffusion and bioavailability: tetracycline metallic chelation.

The effects of chelation on the in vitro diffusion rate of tetracycline at variable pH values and concentrations was studied. A two-compartment diffusion cell using a semipermeable cellophane membrane was used to determine diffusion rates. Tetracycline in solution was mixed with aluminum, magnesium, copper, calcium and cobalt ions and analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Diffusion rates were determined at pH 1, 5.5 and 8. Tetracycline chelate formation is pH-dependent. The diffusion rate of tetracycline chelates is concentration-dependent and is reduced even if the chelate is water soluble.

Biological Availability↗