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PubMedDate not supplied

Child development and quality of parenting in lesbian families: no psychosocial indications for a-priori withholding of infertility treatment. A systematic review.

Among fertility centres, much discussion focuses on whether to withhold infertility treatment from special patient groups (lesbians, prospective single parent(s), prospective parent(s) of relatively advanced age, or with severe diseases) because it is assumed that this is in the best interest of the child. The present study aimed to establish whether there is any empirical evidence for this assumption. A literature search was made in PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO to identify studies that had assessed psychological outcomes of children and quality of parenting after infertility treatment. Eight studies met the following inclusion criteria: published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal between 1978 and 2002, and focused on psychosocial child development and quality of parenting after infertility treatment in the above-mentioned special patient groups. All reviewed studies focused on lesbian or single-parent families. Overall, the methodological quality of studies as assessed by a standardized set of criteria was high. The evidence of the studies (assessed by the best evidence synthesis method) was strong for the conclusion that in lesbian families the psychosocial development of children (median age 6.1 years) and the quality of parenting are not different from those in healthy heterosexual two-parent families after infertility treatment or natural conception. Therefore, withholding infertility treatment from lesbian families on the assumption that such intervention may not be in the interest of the prospective child seems unjustified. For the other special patient groups, no conclusions could be drawn, because of a lack of relevant studies.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the child development review increases residents' discussion of behavioral problems.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether use of a parent questionnaire, the Child Development Review (CDR), before health maintenance examinations (HMEs) increases parent identification and increases resident discussion and documentation of behavioral issues for toddler and preschool-aged children. STUDY DESIGN: Quasi-experimental design using convenience samples with comparisons before and after questionnaire implementation. SAMPLE: Children 15 to 47 months of age and their parents attending a hospital-based, primary care clinic serving a low-income population, and the residents caring for them. METHODS: Participants were enrolled into early control, concurrent control, and intervention groups. All parents completed an exit interview about 9 behavioral issues and were asked if they had discussed these issues with the doctor. Before the visit, the intervention group parents completed the CDR, which was available for the residents to review. Information from the CDR and exit interview, and resident documentation were compared for control and intervention groups. RESULTS: There were 122 intervention and 135 control group HMEs. Parents using the CDR identified more behavioral issues for their children at the exit interview (median, 2.0 vs 1.0, P =.01). The 6 issues on both the CDR and the exit interview accounted for this increase. Intervention group parents reported discussion of more behavioral issues (median, 2.0 vs 0.0, P <.001). Discussion increased for all issues. Documentation was not increased for the intervention group. CONCLUSION: Use of the CDR before HMEs increased parent identification and reported discussion of behavioral topics for toddler and preschool children.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed2005

Physician-parent communication as predictor of parent satisfaction with child development services.

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of parental satisfaction with services of a child development center and to evaluate the physician-parent dimensions of communication. A total of 90 parents to children with disability ranging in age from 6 months to 6 years participated in the study (84% response rate). Attitudes regarding parental communication with physicians were evaluated by 15 items clustered into three factors, which expressed different dimensions of communication: caring, collaboration and interest. Parents ranked their general satisfaction with the center's services relatively high as well as their evaluations of physician behavior of caring, collaboration and interest. Positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the studied communication dimensions and general satisfaction. However, collaboration was the only dimension that explained the variability on general satisfaction in a multivariate analysis. The collaboration of the physician with the parents was a key factor to explain parental general satisfaction with child rehabilitative services. Collaboration, which is associated with processes such as mutual decision making and sharing of responsibility, should be nurtured, in order to increase parents' general satisfaction with the services given.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Poverty and child development: relevance of research in developing countries to the United States.

Data from low-income countries are helpful in understanding the effects of poverty on child development in the U.S. Illustrative are 3 public health issues: (1) In the U.S., among poor African-American and Hispanic babies anemia is as high as 20%-24%, while in low-income countries, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) causes poor performance on mental and motor tests among babies and children. These data suggest that IDA is a major public health problem among poor minority children that requires prompt attention. (2) In 1993 the U.S. government appropriated $2.86 billion for the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Evaluations of WIC, however, have failed to yield conclusive information on the benefits of the program. In low-income countries, nutritional supplements targeted to at-risk groups have resulted in developmental benefits. Thus, WIC is likely to buffer intellectual development against the adverse effects of malnutrition observed among poor children. (3) Evidence from developing countries suggests that concurrent illnesses and poor nutrition interfere with schooling. However, in the U.S., attention to such issues has declined, while common illnesses have increased among the poor. A reappraisal of this issue is warranted to meet the education and health goals proposed for the year 2000 in the U.S.

Adolescent↗