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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Preliminary results from a meta-analysis of drinking behavior in multiple longitudinal studies.

This paper introduces the scope and rationale of The Collaborative Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Project and describes the individual longitudinal studies which contribute to this large collaborative project, representing studies from 15 countries. It also serves as an introduction to four reports of the preliminary findings from the project. The project is distinguished by (1) its interdisciplinary research approach which has assembled a multidisciplinary group of scholars to direct and interpret analyses, (2) its use of primary data from multiple longitudinal studies, (3) the parallel analyses of primary data from multiple studies, using comparable measures across studies recorded to a standard format and common analytic model, and (4) its use of meta-analysis to combine results across studies. Its research objectives include determining the cross-study consistency of findings of (1) the incidence and chronicity of drinking patterns and problems, (2) exogeneous factors which initiate and alter drinking careers, (3) socio-behavioral factors measured in childhood and adolescence which predict adult drinking problems, (4) inter-generational biological and social factors which predict adult drinking problems, and (5) aggregate-level factors which account for study differences. The method of sampling of studies from the world's alcohol-related general population longitudinal research is described.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

Drinking behavior, remission, and relapse: the Rand Report revisited.

Utilizing the Armor, Polich, and Stambul 1976 criteria, the clinical course of patients from 26 treatment programs was studied, with relapse analyses differing from the data reported by Armor et al. The overall rate of remission at 6 mo follow-up was considerably lower (54%) in this study. The data suggest that those alcoholics who chose to reduce their drinking, as an option, experienced a substantial risk of relapse.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1994

Drinking behavior and jaw muscle (EMG) activity in the pigeon (Columba livia).

The relation between jaw movements and jaw muscle activity was examined during two different types of drinking in pigeons: "tip" and "rictus" drinking. The amplitude and duration of jaw opening is greater for "rictus" than for "tip" drinking, but both types involve individual cycles of jaw-opening and closing movements, organized into bouts. Cycle duration increases gradually over the initial portion of the bout and is relatively constant thereafter. Each drinking cycle is composed of an initial rapid jaw-opening component, a sustained opening phase of variable duration and a closing movement. The initial and final phases are related, respectively, to activity in the upper beak levator (protractor) and the jaw closer (adductor, pterygoid) muscles. The amplitude and duration of the sustained phase are correlated with the magnitude and duration of activity in the lower jaw opener (depressor). The kinematic and electromyographic organization of jaw movements during drinking is discussed in relation to the morphology of the jaw apparatus and the functional requirements of the behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cognitive ability and drinking behavior in a national sample of young adults.

The role of verbal intelligence (VI) as an antecedent and moderator of alcohol-related problems was investigated for a national sample of young adults. A measure of VI was used to predict alcohol related behavior 5 years later. Results indicated that lower VI was associated with lower risk for drinking per se. Lower VI was also associated with higher risk for alcohol-related problems among those who drink. These findings were robust across gender, age, and to a large extent across different areas of alcohol related problems. Cognitive-behavioral functions associated with intelligence, such as social judgement, social inference, and social skills, are proposed as possible moderators of the relationship between intelligence and alcohol-related problems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparisons of retrospective and current reports of alcoholics and their spouses on drinking behavior.

This study examined the correspondence between reports of alcoholic husbands and their wives on multiple dimensions of alcohol consumption and drinking-related events. Retrospective reports as well as prospective diaries (90 day period) were obtained from both spouses on husbands' behaviors, and correspondence was assessed at group and individual levels. Although there was some variability in agreement between individual husband-wife pairs, overall results indicated that husband-wife correspondence was robust not only for global measures, but also for more specific dimensions of day-to-day consumption. Findings were discussed in terms of issues that affect the validity of alcoholics' reports.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Differences in the drinking behavior between alcoholic men and women in the Schwerin district].

The present paper demonstrates some typical differences in drinking behaviour between female and male alcoholics. We investigated especially the difference in quantities of consumed pure alcohol. The ratio of the mean consumption per year by women and men was 1 : 1,9. The difference in due to differences in the drinking habits and a different alcoholic tolerance in both sexes. Generally we found that in both family and society alcohol abuse is less tolerated in women.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2006

College drinking behaviors: mediational links between parenting styles, impulse control, and alcohol-related outcomes.

Mediational links between parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive), impulsiveness (general control), drinking control (specific control), and alcohol use and abuse were tested. A pattern-mixture approach (for modeling non-ignorable missing data) with multiple-group structural equation models with 421 (206 female, 215 male) college students was used. Gender was examined as a potential moderator of parenting styles on control processes related to drinking. Specifically, the parent-child gender match was found to have implications for increased levels of impulsiveness (a significant mediator of parenting effects on drinking control). These findings suggest that a parent with a permissive parenting style who is the same gender as the respondent can directly influence control processes and indirectly influence alcohol use and abuse.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2001

The replicability of QTLs for murine alcohol preference drinking behavior across eight independent studies.

On the basis of eight independent quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies of ethanol (alcohol) preference drinking in mice, a meta-analysis was carried out to examine the replicability of QTLs across studies and to enhance the power of QTL detection and parameter estimation. To avoid genetic heterogeneity, we analyzed only studies of mapping populations derived from the C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2 (D2) inbred progenitor strains. Because these studies were carried out in five different laboratories, there were substantial differences in testing procedure, data analysis, and especially in the choice of mapping population (BXD recombinant inbred strains, F2, backcross, selected lines, or congenic strains). Despite this, we found several QTLs that were sufficiently robust as to appear consistently across studies given the strengths and weaknesses of the mapping populations employed. These were on Chromosomes (Chrs) 2 (proximal to mid), 3 (mid to distal), 4 (distal), and 9 (proximal to mid). The P value for each of these QTLs, combined across all applicable studies, ranged from 10(-7) to 10(-15), with the additive effect of each QTL accounting for 3-5% of the trait variance extrapolated to an F2 population. Two other QTLs on Chrs 1 (distal) and 11 (mid) were less consistent, but still reached overall significance (P <.0001).

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

[Youths and alcohol--drinking behavior of young people].

On the basis of several representative research findings of the Central Institute of Youth Research the drinking habits of young people are described. Besides the frequency of drinking, the weekly overall consumption of alcohol, the consumption of different kinds of alcoholic beverages as well as the combinations preferred were ascertained. A habitual daily alcohol intake of more than 40 g of pure alcohol was found among one fifth of the male workers up to the age of 35 and among 14 per cent of the male apprentices, but only among three per cent of the male intellectuals. We analyzed the conditions which encourage the abuse of alcohol on the societal and individual level as well as within social groups, and thus derived some conclusions for the prevention of alcohol abuse among adolescents. An effective reduction in the abuse of alcohol can--in the long term--only be achieved by a wide range of societal measures. The first step is to make the population more aware of the problems resulting from the abuse of alcohol.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Murine circadian patterns of eating and drinking behaviors revisited: rhythmometric analyses and neuro-ethological comments.

This research dealt with rhythmometric methods for estimating the main circadian parameters characterizing the temporal structure of feeding activities in the mouse. Such experiments provide a quantitative approach for studying some neurobiological mechanisms regulating the feeding behaviors. These basic motivational manifestations would appear to be modulated by the circadian fluctuations of vigilance.

Animals↗