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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources

PubMed1987

Human chorionic gonadotropin, prolactin, estriol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in cord blood of premature and term newborn infants: relationship to the sex of the neonate.

Although the composition of human chorionic gonadotropin, prolactin, estriol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the umbilical cord blood has been studied, less information is available on the effect of fetal sex on the cord blood concentrations. We assayed these hormones in cord blood from 405 newborn infants delivered between 23 and 43 weeks of gestation. In pooled data for both sexes, human chorionic gonadotropin showed a declining trend from the beginning to the end of the sampling interval. By contrast, in 398 newborn infants of known sex, prolactin, estriol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels increased during the same period. Sex differences were observed for human chorionic gonadotropin only; female newborn infants had higher cord blood concentrations throughout the sampling period, with the differences becoming statistically significant between 29 and 36 weeks.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗

PubMed1989

Effects of fetal sex and dexamethasone on preterm maternal serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, estrone, estradiol, and estriol.

The serum human chorionic gonadotropin concentration for the 43 female-bearing gestations was significantly higher (geometric mean 15,603 mIU/ml; 95% confidence interval 12,337 to 19,733) than that for 26 male-bearing pregnancies (geometric mean 8902 mIU/ml; 95% confidence interval 6288 to 12,596), p = 0.0087. The mean gestational age was 32 +/- 2.4 weeks (mean +/- SD). There was no significant difference between male- and female-bearing pregnancies for progesterone, cortisol, estrone, estradiol, estriol, or gestational age. In 19 placebo-treated pregnancies and 14 dexamethasone-treated pregnancies with a mean gestational age of 31.5 +/- 2.7 weeks, there was no significant change from the baseline value observed for either maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin level or maternal serum progesterone level at 42 hours after institution of treatment. In the dexamethasone-treated subjects the geometric mean was reduced to 20% of baseline for cortisol; 42% of baseline for estrone; 30% of baseline for estradiol; and 41% of baseline for estriol (all p less than 0.001).

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗

PubMed1990

Maternal serum Down syndrome screening: unconjugated estriol is not useful.

Study of 41 known Down syndrome cases and 441 matched controls did not confirm earlier reports that low unconjugated estriol levels can be used to detect fetal Down syndrome. Hence the obstetric community should exercise caution in using unconjugated estriol levels as a marker in prenatal Down syndrome screening.

Down Syndrome↗

PubMed1993

A prospective trial of prenatal screening for Down syndrome by means of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of prenatal screening for Down syndrome by means of multiple serum markers. STUDY DESIGN: alpha-Fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol were measured in 8233 midtrimester serum samples, including 7492 from women < 35 years old and 741 from women > or = 35 years old. Down syndrome risks were computed by means of age and all three markers. Further testing was recommended for patients with a risk > or = 1:270. Testing for trisomy 18 was recommended for patients with an alpha-fetoprotein < or = 0.70 multiples of the median, human chorionic gonadotropin < or = 0.50 multiples of the median, and unconjugated estriol < or = 0.55 multiples of the median. RESULTS: Of women screened initially 10.4% had a Down syndrome risk > or = 1:270; 10 of 12 known cases of Down syndrome were identified. One abnormality was detected for every 33 amniocenteses performed in this group. Of 0.4% of patients at increased risk for trisomy 18, two cases of trisomy 18 and one of triploidy were found. CONCLUSION: Multiple marker screening is effective in identifying the majority of fetal chromosome anomalies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

A comparative multicenter study of the effects of continuous low-dose estradiol released from a new vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal pessaries in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital atrophy.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of a new estradiol-releasing (6.5 to 9.5 micrograms per 24 hours) silicone rubber vaginal ring compared with Ovesterin 0.5 mg estriol vaginal pessaries. STUDY DESIGN: Gynecologic clinical status, vaginal pH, cytologic characteristics, and occurrence of bacteriuria were determined before starting and after 3 and 12 weeks of treatment in 146 postmenopausal women. RESULTS: Both treatments alleviated the subjective and objective symptoms of estrogen deficiency excellently, and both were equally effective at restoring the vaginal pH to levels normally seen in fertile women (< 5.5). Vaginal cytologic studies showed a significant difference in maturation value in favor of the estradiol-releasing silicone rubber vaginal ring, as measured by the pathologist's assessment of the proliferation of the vaginal mucosa. A total of 77% of users were classified as responders, compared with 39% in the pessary group. Both treatments were well accepted. The administration of the pessary was associated with a significantly higher (p < 0.001) incidence of discomfort than that of the ring, which was given better (p < 0.001) rating by the patients at the 12-week visit. A strong preference (p < 0.001) for the ring was shown by patients with previous experience with pessaries. CONCLUSION: Treatment of urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women with an estradiol-releasing vaginal ring is shown to be an effective and safe method, exhibiting advantages over treatment with estriol vaginal pessaries.

Administration, Intravaginal↗

PubMed1982

Preparation and antigenic properties of estriol 16-glucuronide- and estradiol 17-glucuronide-[C-6]-bovine serum albumin conjugates.

The preparation and antigenic properties of estriol 16-glucuronide-bovine serum albumin (BSA) and estradiol 17-glucuronide-BSA conjugates in which the hapten molecule is linked to the carrier protein through an (O-carboxymethyl)oxime bridge at the C-6 position on the steroid nucleus, have been described. Antibodies raised against the two immunogens in the rabbit possessed excellent specificity to estriol 16-glucuronide and estradiol 17-glucuronide, respectively, exhibiting no significant cross-reactions with estrogen glucuronides having a substituent in ring A and no cross-reactivities with free estrogens, their sulfates and related steroids.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1984

The early history of estriol.

The early history of estriol is reviewed with special emphasis on its isolation, identification, quantitation in tissues and body fluids and its unique biogenesis in the human feto-placental unit. The relationship to epimeric estriols and acidic estrogens and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties which led to a widespread therapeutic use of this compound are also discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

The agonistic and antagonistic actions of estriol.

Estriol is a short acting estrogen, and as such, displays both agonistic and antagonistic properties, when it is injected in saline solution. These are predictable attributes of any short acting agonist if one considers the basic pharmacology of receptor ligand binding interactions. That is, short acting hormones or drugs occupy receptor sites for protracted time periods and, although they stimulate responses, these are of short duration. However, when estriol is administered in continuous fashion the estrogen receptor is occupied for long periods of time and full estrogenic responses are observed, and there is no antagonism of estradiol action. The purpose of this paper is to review the work that leads to the above conclusion and to discuss our more recent work on the relationship between estrogen receptor binding and the stimulation of type II estrogen binding sites.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Preparation of specific antiserum to estriol 3-sulfate 16-glucuronide.

The preparation and antigenic properties of estriol 3-sulfate 16-glucuronide-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate in which the hapten is linked to the carrier through an (O-carboxymethyl)oxime bridge at the C-6 position on the steroid nucleus, have been described. Coupling of 6-oxoestriol 3-sulfate 16-glucuronide acetate-methyl ester 6-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime with BSA by the activated ester method followed by removal of the protecting groups with alkali provided the desired conjugate. The antisera raised against the conjugate in rabbits were highly specific to the double conjugate, estriol 3-sulfate 16-glucuronide, discriminating from ring A or D monoconjugated and unconjugated estrogens. The specificity of antisera elicited has been discussed on the basis of stereochemistry of the hapten-[C-6]-BSA conjugate.

Cross Reactions↗

PubMed1982

The use of human placental lactogen, oxytocinase and estriol in twin pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation.

In 38 twin pregnancies human placental lactogen (HPL) and oxytocinase were measured in serum and estriol in urine. Eleven women carried light-for-dates (LFD) twins (birth weight less than P5), and 27 had appropriate-for-dates twins (birth weight greater than P5). We investigated if intrauterine growth retardation in these patients could be detected either by the biochemical measurements of by clinical examination. The values of oxytocinase and estriol were not related to fetal weight. A serum level of HPL of 12 mg/l after 34 wk of gestation proved to be helpful in the detection of LFD twins. The predictive value of a positive test was 64% (7/11) and of a negative test 84% (21/25). Eight LFD twins were suspected clinically. If clinical examination and HPL measurements were used in conjunction all LFD twins could have been suspected before birth.

Aminopeptidases↗

PubMed1982

Measurement of plasma placental proteins and estriol in the detection of intrauterine growth retardation.

This study was designed as an assessment of the clinical value of total estriol, placental lactogen (hPL), pregnancy specific glycoprotein (SP1), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and placental protein 5 (PP5), measured in a single sample of maternal serum, in the detection of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in a large series of high risk pregnancies. Our results show the highest detection rate with SP1 (51%) and second highest with hPL (35%); estriol was less useful while PAPP-A and PP5 were of no value. However, there was 31% of false positives with SP1 compared with 14% for hPL. The best combination of the five parameters for the diagnosis of IUGR was achieved by measurement of both SP1 and hPL, with a low concentration of either protein indicating IUGR (sensitivity 63%, specificity 63%).

Estriol↗

PubMed1977

Synthesis of new steroid haptens for radioimmunossay. Part IV. 3-O-Carboxymethyl ether derivatives of estrogens. Specific antisera for radioimmunossay of estrone, estradiol-17beta, and estriol.

The syntheses of 3-O-carboxymethyl ether derivatives of estrone, estradiol-17beta, and estriol and the preparation of their bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates are described. These conjugates were employed for the generation of specific antisera suitable for radioimmunoassay (RIA) of estrone, estradiol-17beta, and estriol. The previous concept that specific antisera for estrogens cannot be obtained by employing estrogens derivatized at the 3-position is unfounded.

Estradiol↗

PubMed1996

Salmon calcitonin plus intravaginal estriol: an effective treatment for the menopause.

OBJECTIVE: Intravaginal estriol (E3) effectively improves postmenopausal genito-urinary disturbances, without stimulating endometrial proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of intravaginal estriol (E3) plus nasal spray salmon calcitonin (sCT), to improve neurovegetative symptoms and to prevent the decline of bone mineral density (BMD) of postmenopausal women. METHODS: Two hundred and fourteen (214) healthy postmenopausal women were treated for 12 months with: (1) E3 (0.5 mg every other day) + Ca (0.5 g/day); (2) E3 + Ca + sCT (50 IU x 2/day); (3) sCT + Ca; (4) Ca. Climacteric complaints, such as hot flushes and sweating, BMD at the distal 1/10 of the radius, analyzed by dual photon absorptiometry, urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and serum alkaline phosphatase were evaluated at baseline and every 6 months. At the same time, patient compliance and drug tolerability were evaluated. RESULTS: E3 but not sCT, improved hot flushes and sweating. E3 blunted but not completely counteracted the BMD decline observed in women treated with only Ca, and reduced urinary hydroxyproline excretion. sCT markedly increased BMD values and reduced both urinary hydroxyproline excretion and serum alkaline phosphatase. These effects were not potentiated by E3 coadministration. All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Present data indicate that the combined administration of intravaginal E3 and sCT may represent an alternative therapeutic regimen for those postmenopausal women who do not accept or have contraindications to classical hormone replacement therapy.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1992

Placental insufficiency as a possible cause of low maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin and low maternal serum unconjugated estriol levels in triploidy.

We report three cases in which triploidy (69,XXX) was detected by amniocentesis performed for very low maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels. All three cases also had low maternal serum unconjugated estriol levels. We suggest placental insufficiency as the cause of the very low human chorionic gonadotropin because of histologic observations and because a known marker for placental insufficiency, estriol, was also very low.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗

PubMed1980

Estimation of gestational age and maternal serum steroid concentrations: total estriol.

Acute increases in maternal serum unconjugated estriol between 35 and 37 weeks of pregnancy have been reported to correlate predictably with gestational age. In this study estriol was measured by radioimmunoassay in an effort to define maturational surges. Statistically significant variations from predicted regression lines were not demonstrated in any individual patient or in grouped data.

Estriol↗

PubMed1987

Human chorionic gonadotropin, estriol, and testosterone changes in two pregnancies with hyperreactio luteinalis.

A case of hyperreactio luteinalis is presented with measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin, total and free testosterone, and estriol throughout two term pregnancies. Ovulation induction with menotropins resulted in one spontaneous first-trimester abortion, one singleton term pregnancy, and 1 triplet pregnancy that converted to a singleton term pregnancy after spontaneous degeneration of two fetuses in the first trimester. During the first term pregnancy, levels of human chorionic gonadotropin peaked at 34 weeks of gestation (169,000 mIU/ml) and levels of total testosterone peaked at the same time (1777 ng/dl). Free testosterone (16.6 ng/dl) and estriol (10.8 ng/ml) reached their peak at 36 weeks of gestation. During the second term pregnancy, peak values of human chorionic gonadotropin (150,900 mIU/ml) and total testosterone (870 ng/dl) occurred at 10 and 5 weeks of gestation, respectively, before two fetuses of a triplet pregnancy degenerated.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Unconjugated estriol as an indication for prenatal diagnosis of steroid sulfatase deficiency by in situ hybridization.

BACKGROUND: Undetectable or very low unconjugated estriol (E3) levels in routine maternal serum screening are associated with steroid sulfatase deficiency, miscarriages, and anencephaly. CASES: Fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques were used in the diagnosis of steroid sulfatase deficiency prenatally in three cases with low or undetectable unconjugated E3 levels. Results showed a male fetus with a deleted steroid sulfatase region, but intact Kallmann syndrome region in all three cases. One mother was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization and showed a similar deletion for steroid sulfatase gene in one copy of X chromosome (carrier). CONCLUSION: Women with undetectable or very low levels of estriol on serum screening should be counseled regarding steroid sulfatase deficiency with evaluation by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Second trimester total human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein and unconjugated estriol in predicting pregnancy complications other than fetal aneuploidy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), total human chorionic gonadotropin (ThCG) and unconjugated estriol in predicting certain complications of pregnancy other than fetal aneuploidy. STUDY DESIGN: Among 2384 women that underwent biochemical screening between 15 and 22 weeks of gestation, pregnancy outcome was evaluated in 677 women under 35 years of age according to serum marker levels by using cut-off points discriminative for Down syndrome or neural tube defect (NTD). RESULTS: High alpha-fetoprotein levels (MoM>/=2.0) were found to be significantly more frequent (P<0.05) in cases of fetal growth restriction (odds ratio=2.7), miscarriage (odds ratio=4.4) and intrauterine fetal death (odds ratio=5.8). High chorionic gonadotropin levels (MoM>/=2.02) were associated with intrauterine growth restriction (odds ratio=2.1; P<0.05), miscarriage (odds ratio=4; P<0.01), preterm birth (odds ratio=2.5; P<0.05), and intrauterine fetal death (odds ratio=4.2; P<0.01). Among pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction and threatening preterm delivery, low unconjugated estriol levels (MoM</=0.74) were significantly more frequent (odds ratio=2.2; P<0.05 and odds ratio=2.6; P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: All three markers predictive for fetal trisomy 21 shown to be associated with various pregnancy complications in euploid pregnancies.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗