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PubMed1977

Effect of hormone replacement therapy on glucose tolerance in postmenopausal women.

Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on 50 symptomatic postmenopausal women before and after three months of hormone replacement therapy. All patients were randomly allocated to one of five groups treated with various synthetic or so-called naturally occurring oestrogens. Therapy produced a significant deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance with sequential preparations containing 100 microgram of ethinyl oestradiol or graduated doses of mestranol up to 50 microgram. The conjugated equine oestrogen (1.25 mg daily) and oestrogen valerate (2 mg daily) treated groups did not show abnormal glucose tolerance. The decreased glucose tolerance may be due as much to dosage levels as to any metabolic characteristics of the various oestrogens prescribed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasound demonstration of increased frequency of functional ovarian cysts in women using progestogen-only oral contraception.

Asymptomatic volunteer women with a regular pattern of uterine bleeding and using the progestogen-only oral contraceptive pill were compared with control women who were not exposed to hormones. Pelvic ultrasound scanning at the end of the next bleeding episode after recruitment demonstrated functional cysts with maximum diameters ranging between 30 and 58 mm in eight of the 21 pill users, four of whom also had palpable ovaries, three cysts regressed during the next cycle. Of the 13 women with normal ovaries initially, four developed a new functional cyst of which two were associated with pain. Of the 12 women with cysts seven complained of pain at some time during the monitored cycle. Among 21 control women only one symptom-free (42 mm) cyst was shown on the initial postmenstrual ultrasound scan and this resolved painlessly during the scanned cycle with ovulation from the opposite ovary. Ovulation was also demonstrated in 16 of the remainder; but in none of the three control women who developed asymptomatic functional cysts (35-47 mm in size) while under observation. Since 11 of the 14 pill-users who failed to ovulate also had a functional cyst, the contraceptive efficacy may depend in part on this association. Pain symptoms may make the method less acceptable and give rise to diagnostic problems and inappropriate therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Spironolactone in combination with an oral contraceptive: an alternative treatment for hirsutism.

The clinical efficacy of a combination of spironolactone and an oral contraceptive pill (Conova 30) was assessed in 23 patients presenting with hirsutism of whom 20 completed 6 months of treatment. Of the 20 patients, 16 showed improvement on objective (Ferriman & Gallwey hair score) and subjective assessment. Serum levels of androgens (testosterone, androstenedione and 17-hydroxy progesterone) were suppressed and sex hormone binding globulins were elevated. Nausea was the only significant side effect.

Contraceptives, Oral, Combined↗
PubMed1966

Acute phase protein in serum of women using hormonal contraceptives.

Acute phase protein precipitating sonatic C-polysaccharide of pneumococci appears in serum of women under treatment with hormonal contraceptives in a significantly higher number of cases when compared with control groups. The summarized results of three preliminary studies show that in 80 control serums there were four positive specimens (5 percent) and in 80 serums from women using hormonal contraceptives there were 58 positive specimens (72.5 percent).

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1968

Relation between headaches from oral contraceptives and development of endometrial arterioles.

The incidence of headaches during the first year on oral cotraceptives corrleates closely with the incidence of well-developed arterioles in endometrial biopsy specimens. This relationship appears to depend on the ratio between progestogenic and oestrogenic components of the pill as well as the particular steroids. Therefore endometrial biopsies are useful for assessing the vascular response to an oral contraceptive and also provide a short cut to clinical evaluation of new formulations.

Arachnoid↗