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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[The usefulness of cholesterol determination in the etiology of pleural effusion].

95 pleural effusions of different etiology were studied. 25 were transudate, 22 neoplastic, 28 caused by tuberculosis, and 20 miscellaneous. The Light parameters (pleural protein/plasma) (Prot LP/P), Pleural LDH (LDH LP) and LDH pleural/plasma quotient (LDH LP/P) were determined and compared with the efficacy of pleural cholesterol (Chol LP) and pleural cholesterol/plasma quotient (Chol LP/P) to differentiate the transudate from pleural exudate. With Prot LP/P quotient the sensitivity was of 85% and the specificity 91.6%; with LDH LP the sensitivity was of 74.6% and the specificity 97.6%. With the LDH LP/P quotient the sensitivity was of 89% and the specificity 87.8%. The sensitivity of each parameter was similar to that obtained by Light but less specific. All the transudates had levels of chol LP lower than 55 mq/dl (100% specificity) with a sensitivity of 84%. The Chol LP/P quotient had a limit of 0.3, this being its sensitivity of 91.3% and 93.1% its specificity. The presence of both parameters were necessary to the classification and the sensitivity obtained being of 80.3% and the specificity 100%. We concluded that the determinations of Chol LP and the Chol LP/P quotient are of great advantage in differentiating the pleural transudate from pleural exudate and the predictive value is, at least, similar to that obtained by Light.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Pleurisy in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome].

The syndrome of ovarian hyperstimulation is an exceptional aetiology of pleural effusion. It should be thought of any young women who are under treatment to induce ovulation. The effusions are exudates and not transudates as occurs in Demons-Meigs syndrome. The regression of effusions is usual.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Stereospecific pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of carprofen in the dog.

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) carprofen (CPF) contains a single chiral centre. It was administered orally to Beagle dogs as a racemate (rac-CPF) at a dose of 4 mg per kg body weight and as individual (-)(R) and (+)(S) enantiomers at 2 mg per kg body weight. Each of the enantiomers achieved similar plasma bioavailability following administration as the racemate as they did following their separate administration. Only the administered enantiomers were detectable when the drug was given in the (-)(R) or (+)(S) form, indicating that chiral inversion did not occur in either direction. Higher plasma concentrations of the (-)(R) (Cmax 18 micrograms/ml, AUC0-24 118 micrograms h/ml) than the (+)(S) (Cmax 14 micrograms/ml, AUC0-24 67 micrograms h/ml) enantiomer were achieved following administration of the racemate. Both enantiomers distributed into peripheral subcutaneous tissue cage fluids, but Cmax and AUC values were lower for both transudate (non-stimulated tissue cage fluid) and exudate (induced by the intracaveal administration of the irritant carrageenan) than for plasma. Drug concentrations in transudate and exudate were similar, as indicated by Cmax and AUC values, although CPF penetrated more rapidly into exudate than into transudate. Neither rac-CPF nor either enantiomer inhibited thromboxane B2 (T x B2) generation by platelets in clotting blood (serum T x B2), or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) synthesis in inflammatory exudate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Pharmacokinetics and PK-PD modelling of danofloxacin in camel serum and tissue cage fluids.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danofloxacin were studied in the camel in a two period cross-over study. After intravenous (i.v.) administration at a dose rate of 1.25 mg/kg, the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin indicated a high volume of distribution (V(d(area))=3.43 L/kg), relatively rapid clearance (0.44 L/kg/h) and half-life of 5.37 h. After intramuscular (i.m.) dosing absorption was complete (F=114.5) and rapid (T((1/2)abs)=0.12 h) and terminal half-life was 5.71 h. Danofloxacin penetrated fairly slowly into both inflamed (exudate) and non-inflamed (transudate) tissue cage fluids and was cleared slowly from these fluids, elimination half-life being at least twice that for serum for both exudate and transudate after both i.v. and i.m. dosing. The antibacterial actions of danofloxacin against the camel pathogen Escherichia coli 0157-H7 were determined by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in vitro (single measurement) and ex vivo measurements of bacterial count at nine times between one and 48 h after i.m. dosing in each of the fluids, serum, exudate, and transudate. Using in vitro MIC data and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters, the surrogate markers of antimicrobial activity, C(max)/MIC, AUC/MIC and T>MIC, were determined for all three fluids. The ex vivo serum AUC(24 h)/MIC data were integrated with reduction in bacterial count to provide values producing a bacteriostatic action (no change in bacterial count), inhibition of bacterial count by 50%, reduction in bacterial count by 99.9% (bactericidal action) and elimination of bacteria. Mean AUC(24h)/MIC values were 17.20, 20.07, 21.24, and 68.37 h, respectively. To describe the latter, the introduction of a new term to supplement MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is proposed, namely minimum elimination concentration (MEC). A novel means of designing antimicrobial drug dosage schedules for evaluation in clinical trials is proposed, using ex vivo AUC(24h)/MIC values for bactericidal activity and elimination of bacteria together with MIC(90) data for camel pathogens.

Absorption↗
PubMed2000

The diagnostic significance of polyclonal lymphocytosis in pleural effusions.

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic contribution and clinical relevance of analysing subpopulations of lymphocytes in pleural effusions. METHODS: Forty patients (age >60 years) with newly diagnosed, polyclonal, lymphocyte-rich pleural effusions were evaluated. The following data were collected: demographic characteristics, associated diseases, fluid type, fluid white blood cells count, differential morphology and immunephenotyping, and final diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 33 patients for whom biochemical data were available, 18 had exudative effusion, while 15 had transudate. Thirty-three fluids contained mostly T cells and only one was B-cell rich. (The lymphocytes of five patients with malignant epithelial cells in the effusion were not subtyped.) Thirty-two of the 33 T-cell rich fluids contained mainly CD4+ lymphocytes. The most common causes of pleural effusion were congestive heart failure (17 patients) and epithelial malignant diseases (eight patients), while none of the patients had tuberculosis. Since most effusions were CD4+ rich, no correlation could be detected between lymphocyte subtyping and diagnosis or the biochemical type of the fluids. Congestive heart failure was significantly associated with transudates, while malignant diseases correlated with exudates. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with pleural polyclonal lymphocytosis, especially those with transudates, have congestive heart failure. The presence of exudative, lymphocyte-rich effusion is an indication for further evaluation, since it is most commonly associated with malignancy. The clinical value of lymphocyte subtyping is low and this procedure should not be used routinely.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence and characteristics of pleural effusions in superior vena cava syndrome.

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: The prevalence and characteristics of pleural effusions occurring in adults with the superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to characterize these pleural effusions. METHODS: Charts of patients diagnosed with SVC syndrome at a tertiary care referral centre were reviewed. Radiographs were evaluated for the presence and size of pleural effusions, presence and location of masses and mediastinal width. If a pleural effusion was present, the patient's chart and a pre-existing database on pleural effusions were searched to determine whether the effusion was sampled and the results of any laboratory investigations on the fluid. RESULTS: The SVC syndrome occurred in 78 patients. Malignancy was the aetiology in 60% of the cases and bronchogenic carcinoma was the most common malignancy. An intravascular device was the aetiology in the majority of benign cases. Pleural effusion was found in 70% of patients with a malignant aetiology and 58% of those with a benign cause (P=0.345). The mean size of the effusions was larger in malignant cases (P=0.012). Of the 44 effusions 22 were sampled (17 in malignancy and five with benign processes); none was transudates, 20 (91%) were exudative (four of these were chylous) and the remaining two were reported as exudates but did not have pleural chemistries documented. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of patients with SVC syndrome have pleural effusions, regardless of the aetiology. However, the effusions are larger when associated with malignancy. The majority of these effusions are exudative and occasionally chylous. None was transudates.

Adult↗