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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Recession: a 4-year longitudinal study after free gingival grafts.

Free gingival grafts were performed on recession areas around 42 teeth in 12 patients, with postoperative evaluation of recurrent recession after 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 months. No changes in degree of recession were observed during the 4-year period. The vestibuloplasties, which were always wider than the transplants, exhibited recurrence up to the transplant margin 6 months after surgery, while the transplants themselves exhibited an average shrinkage of 25%. In addition, 25% of the increase in vestibular depth achieved by the surgery was lost 1 month postoperatively, but there was a tendency toward increasing vestibulum depth during the ensuing 47 months. Gingival sulcus depth was not affected by the surgery.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1982

A longitudinal study of isolated gingival recession in the mandibular central incisor region of children aged 6-8 years.

A 2-year longitudinal investigation of isolated gingival recession was undertaken in 42 children aged 6-8 years at the commencement of the study. Gingival inflammation was controlled by supervised tooth brushing or professional plaque control. Mandibular anterior crowding considered to have contributed to the degree of recession was untreated in 11 subjects, while in 13 subjects serial extractions had been undertaken. No attempt was made to correct frenal involvement in those subjects (9) where it might have been considered a contributing etiologic factor. After 2 years, improvement in gingival contour was most apparent in those subjects whose gingival inflammation had been controlled. This was achieved more readily with professional plaque control than with supervised tooth brushing. Improvement in arch alignment and gingival contour was greater in untreated subjects than in those receiving serial extractions. WHen gingival inflammation was controlled evidence of frenal involvement declined. Control of gingival inflammation appears to be the most important factor in the treatment of isolated gingival recession in the mandibular central incisor region.

Child↗
PubMed1982

A clinical study comparing the width of attached gingiva and the prevalence of gingival recessions.

One hundred preclinical year dental students were examined. Oral hygiene status and gingival condition were determined using the Plaque Index score (Silness & Löe 1964) and the Gingival Index score systems (Löe & Silness 1963). The width of the attached gingiva and the depth of the gingival pockets were evaluated. The gingival recessions were recorded and their heights measured from the CEJ to the gingival margin. No significant correlation was found between oral hygiene and gingival recession, oral hygiene and width of attached gingival conditions and width of attached gingiva. Only a negative correlation (P less than 0.05) was found between the width of attached gingiva and the number of gingival recessions. No statistically significant differences were observed in oral hygiene status and gingival conditions among three groups of students (without, with one and with two or more recessions, respectively). The roles of toothbrushing trauma and "adequate" width of attached gingiva in the etiology of gingival recessions are questioned.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Recession in sites with inadequate width of the keratinized gingiva. An experimental study in the dog.

The present investigation was performed to assess the inflammatory response in gingival units subsequent to the placement of restorations with subgingivally located margins. 3 beagle dogs were used. Cotton floss ligatures were placed around the neck of the mandibular third and fourth premolars of all dogs. The ligatures were exchanged once a month during the first 6 months of experiment. When 40-50% of the height of the supporting tissues had been lost in an experimental periodontitis the ligatures were removed but the animals allowed to accumulate deposits for another 60 days. The inflamed periodontal tissues were subsequently excised using either an "apically placed flap" procedure or a "gingivectomy" procedure. In the flap procedure the main part of the keratinized gingiva was preserved while in the gingivectomy procedure the keratinized part of the gingiva was removed in toto. Following scaling and root planing the animals were during a maintenance period of 4 months placed on a program involving chlorhexidine application and mechanical tooth cleaning twice daily. On Day 0 a notch was prepared in the buccal surface of each root at the level of the gingival margin. Furthermore, steel bands were placed along the buccal surface of each root of the third and fourth premolars and secured with an apical margin at the level of 1 mm apical to the notch. The bands were cemented to the root surfaces by a cement. The dogs were allowed to accumulate plaque and calculus for 6 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. II. Severely advanced periodontitis.

Healing events following nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontal pockets up to 12 mm deep were investigated. Incisors, cuspids and premolars in 16 patients were treated by plaque control and supra- and subgingival debridement using hand or ultrasonic instruments in a split mouth approach. The results were evaluated by recording of plaque scores, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depths and probing attachment levels. Minimal change in gingival conditions occurred during the initial 3 months of experimentation, which were utilized for plaque control measures alone. Subsequent to instrumentation and during the following 9-month period, a gradual and marked improvement of periodontal conditions took place. During the remaining 12 months of the 24-month experimental period no further changes of the recorded parameters were noted. No differences in results could be observed when comparing hand versus ultrasonic instrumentation, or when comparing the results of 2 different operators. Initially, a total of 305 sites demonstrated probing pocket depths greater than or equal to 7 mm. At the 24-month examination 43 such sites remained. The results indicate that there is no certain magnitude of initial probing pocket depth where nonsurgical periodontal therapy is no longer effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A direct technique with a double lateral bridging flap for coverage of denuded root surface and gingiva extension. Clinical evaluation after 2 years.

We are introducing a new surgical technique which enables us to cover gingival recessions and extend the gingiva with a one-step procedure. This method can be described generally as a combination of a coronally repositioned flap and a modified vestibulum plastic. So far this method has been applied to 55 teeth of 19 different patients. The results have been observed for 2 years. After this time, 54.4% (30 teeth) still had complete coverage of the previously denuded root surfaces. The results show that it is possible to cover gingival recessions without increasing the zone of keratinized gingiva.

Dentin Sensitivity↗
PubMed1986

Gingival salivary gland choristoma. Report of a case.

A unique example of a gingival salivary gland choristoma together with a gingival cyst is described in a human autopsy specimen of periodontal tissues. A choristoma is a tumor-like growth which is derived from primordial cells which have been displaced from their original tissue or organ. Only 6 other examples of the gingival salivary gland choristoma have been described in the world literature.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of localized gingival recessions with coronally displaced flaps and citric acid. An experimental study in the dog.

The present study was designed to examine the effect of citric acid conditioning on the result of healing following treatment of localized gingival recessions with coronally displaced flaps. In 3 beagle dogs, localized gingival recessions were surgically created at the buccal surfaces of canines, premolars and molars. All experimental sites were allowed to accumulate plaque for a period of 6 months. Following preparation of notches in the buccal root surfaces at the level of the gingival margin, buccal and lingual mucoperiosteal flaps were raised. The exposed portion of the root surfaces was scaled and the cementum layer was removed. Another notch was prepared in the root surfaces at the level of the crest of the alveolar bone. Half the number of the roots were treated by topical application of citric acid while the remaining roots were used as non-acid treated controls. The flaps were sutured in a coronally displaced position. After 3 months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and the jaws removed and placed in fixative. After decalcification, histological sections of the experimental roots and their periodontal tissues were produced. The 2 notches described above were used as reference points in the histological examination. The histological analysis disclosed that new attachment had formed on all test and control roots and extended in some specimens of both groups to a position coronal to the presurgical level of the gingival margin. The amount of new attachment was similar in the 2 categories of roots, demonstrating that citric acid conditioning did not produce additional new attachment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Semilunar coronally repositioned flap.

A semilunar coronally positioned flap is described. The technique involves a semilunar incision made parallel to the free gingival margin of the facial tissue, and coronally positioning this tissue over the denuded root. This technique has the advantage over other coronally positioned flaps, in that no sutures are required, there is no tension on the flap, there is no shortening of the vestibule, and the existing papillae are not interfered with.

Gingival Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Some periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic tooth movement in monkeys.

The purpose of the experiment reported was to study soft tissue changes at teeth which were orthodontically moved into areas with varying thickness and quality of periodontal tissues. The maxillary central incisors and first premolars in 5 adult monkeys were used as experimental teeth. 6 months prior to the start of the orthodontic treatment phase, the maxillary second premolars were extracted. By surgical means, areas with varying width of the keratinized gingiva were established in the incisor and premolar region. Following a clinical baseline examination which involved assessments of gingival width, location of the gingival margin in relation to cemento-enamel junction and probing attachment level, fixed orthodontic appliances were inserted in order to bodily move the two contral incisors in labial direction through the alveolar bone envelope and the first premolars in distal direction into contact with the first molars. Orthodontic forces were applied for a period of 3-4 months. The lateral incisors and first molars were selected as non-moved control teeth. After the experimental teeth had been retained in their new positions for 1 month, the clinical examination was repeated. Tissue blocks containing test and control specimens were subsequently dissected and prepared for microscopic analysis. The analysis included histometric assessments of loss of connective tissue attachment and height of alveolar bone. The results showed that at every second labially moved incisor, the gingival margin had become displaced in apical direction. The degree of displacement, however, was small and only at 2 teeth accompanied by loss of connective tissue attachment. Throughout the study, these particular teeth also showed obvious signs of gingival inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1987

Lack of association between width of attached gingiva and development of soft tissue recession. A 5-year longitudinal study.

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally monitor changes in the position of the soft tissue margin at 26 buccal sites surgically deprived of all gingival tissue. A baseline examination carried out 6 months after treatment revealed that the sites to be monitored were lacking or had only a minimal zone (less than 1 mm) of regenerated attached gingiva. 12 control sites with an "adequate" width of attached gingiva (greater than 1 mm) were also examined. Assessments of oral hygiene and gingival conditions, probing pocket depths, probing attachment levels, position of the soft tissue margin, and gingival width were carried out at baseline and after 5 years. The results revealed that in the test sites, a slight increase of the width of the gingiva occurred during the observation period. 7 out of the 26 areas showed a coronal regrowth of the soft tissue margin, while 2 sites showed a further apical displacement of the soft tissue margin. In the control areas, 3 sites developed recession accompanied by a reduction in the width of the gingiva. Hence, it appears that in patients maintaining a proper plaque control, the lack of an "adequate" zone of attached gingiva does not result in an increased incidence of soft tissue recessions.

Dental Plaque Index↗
PubMed1989

A 1-year study on the maintenance of gingival health by a dentifrice containing a zinc salt and non-anionic antimicrobial agent.

An experimental dentifrice containing zinc citrate and Triclosan was used by student nurses for 12 months without supervision, while a corresponding group used a control dentifrice. Dental flossing was not permitted during the first 6 months. Gingival health achieved in a pre-experimental period, during which oral hygiene instruction was given, was maintained by users of the experimental dentifrice for 12 months but not by users of the control dentifrice. About 1/3 of the control group used floss daily during the 2nd 6 months and significantly improved their gingival health to a level comparable to that of the experimental group. Flossing brought no extra benefit for the latter group. In the control group, approximal regions were less healthy than buccal or lingual sites. The gingival health of these sites improved significantly with daily flossing. The experimental dentifrice maintained gingival health in all sites irrespective of the use of floss. The study has confirmed that oral health can be maintained by the use of the experimental dentifrice for at least 12 months in a habitual toothbrushing regime, and that the dentifrice would be as effective and simpler than relying on the combination of brushing and regular flossing.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Improvement of gingival health by toothbrushing in individuals with large amounts of calculus.

Dental calculus itself is not thought to affect gingival health, but its rough and porous surface retains plaque better than a calculus-free surface. In a population with a high degree of supragingival calculus, the effect of toothbrushing after a careful professional prophylaxis (group A) has been compared with the effect of toothbrushing as the sole oral hygiene aid (group B). The subjects in this comparison were Indonesian soldiers, 20-25 years of age, none of whom had pathological pockets (CPITN less than or equal to 2), but all had large amounts of calculus. They had no experience of modern oral hygiene practice but were given individual instruction in toothbrushing at the start of the study and were provided with toothpaste and toothbrush. Removal of calculus in group A took an average of 1 h per subject by an experienced clinician. Gingival health in both groups improved after 2 months: group A from 63% to 34% bleeding points and group B from 61% to 36%. There was thus no obvious benefit from the professional prophylaxis received by group A. The results are particularly relevant for populations in which professional prophylaxis is not normally available. However, they were obtained in a group of young, healthy individuals and may not be extrapolated to older and less healthy populations or to individuals with deep periodontal pockets. The improvement of gingival health through toothbrushing, in spite of the presence of calculus, supports the contention that plaque, rather than calculus as a non-inflammatory scale, provides the pathogenic potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Altered tissue metabolism of progesterone in pregnancy gingivitis and granuloma.

The metabolism of progesterone may play a special role in the gingival physiology. The lower the metabolism the higher its hormonal activity in the tissue. In healthy human gingiva, progesterone is metabolized only partially and is therefore in an active form. In the present study, gingival samples from pregnancy gingivitis (n = 1) and granulomas (n = 4) were studied histologically and biochemically. All samples were homogenized and then incubated with [4-14C]-progesterone and NADPH for 2 h at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. The metabolites were separated and characterized with column, solvent and thin-layer chromatographies as well as radioautography and quantified with liquid scintillation counting. The results showed low metabolism of progesterone, indicating active hormonal function as in healthy gingiva. It is suggested that progesterone functions as an immunosuppressant in the gingival tissues of pregnant women, preventing the rapid acute-type of inflammatory reaction against plaque, but allowing an increased chronic-type of tissue reaction, resulting clinically in an exaggerated appearance of inflammation.

5-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed1992

The effect of partial denture connectors on gingival health.

The effect on the gingiva of a variety of relationships of a removable partial denture connector to the gingival margin was investigated in 10 subjects. Acrylic resin baseplates were designed incorporating a variety of relationships of the connector to the gingival margin. The appliances were worn for a 12 hour period daily, for 21 days. At baseline and at days 7, 21 and 49, plaque index, gingival index and probing pocket depth measurements were recorded, and subgingival plaque samples were examined using darkfield microscopy. No increase in plaque accumulation was detected in any area at any time interval. There was a significant increase in gingival index at day 21 in areas where the appliance covered the gingival margin. Small increases in probing pocket depth were recorded at day 21, there being no difference between any of the test areas. Baseline values were re-established by day 49. No significant differences were detected in the percentage of motile organisms or spirochaetes counted in the subgingival plaque samples collected from any area. It was concluded that deterioration in gingival health occurred rapidly following the insertion of a removable appliance, and that coverage of the gingival margin, irrespective of the degree of gingival relief, had a detrimental effect.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1997

The oral hygiene and gingival health of paraplegic inpatients--a cross-sectional survey.

Physical and/or mental handicaps are known to directly or indirectly compromise hygiene habits including oral hygiene. It is recommended that handicapped patients, their parents or care workers require from an early stage dental health education and active involvement in preventive programmes. This study surveyed the oral hygiene of paraplegic patients in a specialised centre to determine their oral hygiene needs. Most patients had moderate to poor oral hygiene and gingivitis was prevalent and severe. Plaque and gingivitis was increased in quadriplegic compared to hemiplegic patients. The data indicate that as part of rehabilitation of paraplegic patients there is a need for oral hygiene programmes to be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Subgingival microbiota of periodontally untreated Mexican subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Specific microbial profiles that may distinguish between generalized aggressive-periodontitis (GAgP) and generalized chronic-periodontitis (GCP) have, to date, not been described. The purpose of the present study was to describe the subgingival microbial composition of Mexican subjects with GAgP and compare it with that of individuals with GCP and periodontal health (PH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-seven subjects with GAgP (n=19), GCP (n=39) and PH (n=19) were selected. Clinical measurements included plaque accumulation, gingival erythema, bleeding on probing, suppuration, pocket depth and attachment level. Up to 28 subgingival plaque samples were obtained from each subject and analysed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. RESULTS: GAgP and GCP subjects harboured significantly higher levels and/or proportion of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia (levels: p<0.001, proportion: p<0.01), Prevotella nigrescens (p<0.05 levels) and "red" complex species (p<0.001 proportion) than PH subjects. All GAgP subjects were carriers of P. gingivalis and P. nigrescens. No significant differences in any of the 40 microbial species tested were detected between GAgP and GCP subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that the microbial differences between GAgP and GCP subjects were only discrete and none of the bacterial species tested seemed to specifically differentiate the subgingival microbial profile of either periodontitis group.

Actinomyces↗