SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Generalization, Psychological”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

Impact of upper digestive symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Functional digestive disorders constitute a sizable proportion of gastroenterology and primary healthcare consultations, and have a negative impact on health-related quality of life. Dyspepsia and heartburn are often associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, the incidence of these symptoms and their effect on IBS patients have not been evaluated. AIM: To investigate the clinical, psychological and health-related quality of life impact of upper digestive symptoms on IBS patients. METHODS: A prospective, observational, multicentered study was conducted in Spain: 517 IBS patients (Rome II criteria), grouped according to predominant symptoms of constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D) or alternating bowel habit (IBS-A) and 84 controls without IBS were recruited. Upper digestive symptoms were recorded in a 30-day diary. Health-related quality of life was evaluated by Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life and Euro-Quality of Life Five-Dimension Questionnaires; psychological well-being was evaluated by the Psychological General Well-Being Index. RESULTS: IBS patients had greater frequencies of upper digestive symptoms (72.3 vs. 6.0%), dyspepsia (21.1 vs. 4.8%) and heartburn (40.0 vs. 13.1%) (all P < 0.05) than controls. Prevalence of upper digestive symptoms was lower in patients with IBS-D than in those with IBS-C or IBS-A (P < 0.05). Health-related quality of life and psychological status were significantly worse in IBS patients with upper digestive symptoms than in those without. CONCLUSIONS: Upper digestive symptoms, frequently present in IBS patients, impair health-related quality of life and psychological status. This effect is greater in patients with IBS-C and IBS-A than in those with IBS-D. These data emphasize the importance of evaluating the presence of upper digestive symptoms in IBS patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) focusing on oral symptoms: a questionnaire study.

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of oral problems reported among a large group of adults with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). Furthermore, to compare proportions of disorders and general psychological well-being with those in a cohort of randomized population-based controls. DESIGN: A questionnaire study. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: A total of 265 persons with EDS (response rate 77%) and 750 controls (response rate 63%) in a population-based cohort. Sixty persons were excluded from the EDS group (support members, children, undiagnosed EDS) leaving a final study group of 144 adults. The final control group consisted of 331 persons since many had sent back unanswered questionnaires. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES: Questions concerning general and oral symptoms, VAS scales for masticatory muscle pain ratings and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) questions were included. OUTCOME MEASURE: Proportions of affirmative answers in EDS group and controls were compared. Mean values for ratings on VAS scales. Proportions of GHQ12 scores with a threshold score of four or more. RESULTS: The proportions of affirmative answers for persons with EDS concerning general health problems, oral problems and masticatory muscle symptoms were significantly higher compared with controls. In the EDS group those who had daily pain in the masticatory muscles had significantly higher mean values on the VAS scales compared with those who had pain a few days per month. A GHQ12 score of four or more was significantly more common in the EDS group than in the controls, suggesting that a decline in psychological well-being was also more common in this group. CONCLUSION: It is important that dental practitioners should be aware of the oral problems associated with EDS and the impact the disease has on quality of life.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid assessment of tinnitus-related psychological distress using the Mini-TQ.

The aim of this study was to develop an abridged version of the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) to be used as a quick tool for the assessment of tinnitus-related psychological distress. Data from 351 inpatients and 122 outpatients with chronic tinnitus were used to analyse item statistics and psychometric properties. Twelve items with an optimal combination of high item-total correlations, reliability and sensitivity in assessing changes were selected for the Mini-TQ. Correlation with the full TQ was >0.90, and test-retest reliability was 0.89. Validity was confirmed by associations with general psychological symptom patterns. Treatment effects indicated by the Mini-TQ were slightly greater than those indicated by the full TQ. The Mini-TQ is recommended as a psychometrically approved and solid tool for rapid and economical assessment of subjective tinnitus distress.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Psychological characteristics of women with androgenetic alopecia: a controlled study.

The psychological characteristics and the hair problems of 58 females with androgenetic alopecia were compared with a group of women with non-apparent dermatological diseases, and with a group of men with androgenetic alopecia. The women with androgenetic alopecia had higher scores for self-sufficiency and social inadequacy compared to women with non-visible dermatological complaints, and they scored higher for inadequacy, rigidity and general psychological maladjustment than the men and had lower scores for injuredness self-evaluation and self-esteem. The women with androgenetic alopecia had more psychosocial problems, which they attributed to the hair loss, than the other groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality of life in relation to health and obesity in a primary care center].

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the association between obesity and two aspects of health-related quality of life: self-perception of health status and psychological well-being in patients assigned to a primary care center. METHODS: 167 patients between 20 and 70 years old with a body mass index > or = were included in the study. A clinical interview was carried out to get sociodemographic and clinical data and to administer two questionnaires: 1) Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and 2) Psychological General Well-being (PGWB) index. RESULTS: The mean scores of the NHP indicated a moderate overall impairment of perceived health in females. Pain, emotional reactions and physical mobility were the affected dimensions. Females, age group over 50, low level of education and the presence of psychiatric pathology or osteoarthritis were significantly associated with worse scores. The mean scores of PGWB indicates a small impairment of psychological well-being. In this case, worse scores were associated with females, anxiety and low level of education. CONCLUSIONS: In the study population, we identify a profile of obese patients with worse quality of life: women with age over 50, low level of education and the presence of psychiatric pathology or osteoarthritis. We think it would be a good idea to achieve a prior performance towards them.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Impact of undergoing prostate carcinoma screening on prostate carcinoma-related knowledge and distress.

BACKGROUND: Despite the ongoing controversy regarding the utility of prostate carcinoma (PCa) screening, the prevalence of asymptomatic men who participate in free PCa screening programs is on the rise. However, this increased awareness has not been associated with increased knowledge about the potential limitations of PCa creening. We conducted a prospective assessment to delineate men's motivations for undergoing screening and to determine the impact of screening on psychological distress and on men's knowledge about PCa screening. METHODS: We conducted two telephone interviews with a group of 136 men registered to undergo free PCa screening at two hospital-based sites. The first interview was conducted before screening and the second interview followed receipt of the screening results. Interviews assessed demographics and screening history, reasons for undergoing the current screening, cancer-related and general psychological distress, knowledge of risk factors for PCa, and knowledge of the benefits and limitations of screening. Only participants with normal screening results were included in these analyses. RESULTS: "Seeking peace of mind about prostate cancer" was rated as the most important reason for undergoing screening. PCa-related distress decreased following receipt of a negative result (P < 0.01). Stratified analyses indicated that this was particularly true among younger men and African American men (both Ps < 0.001). Awareness of the benefits of screening was very high, but awareness of limitations was low, with fewer limitations reported following screening compared with prescreening (P < 0.01). Although awareness of the established risk factors improved following screening, controversial risk factors (i.e., those with limited empirical support) and factors that were unrelated to PCa risk were also rated as more important in the development of PCa than they were before screening (all Ps < 0.05). Therefore, the results may reflect that following screening, participants were simply more likely to endorse plausible risk factors, rather than actually reflecting an increase in participants' knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the importance of developing informed consent procedures and educational programs for the asymptomatic men who participate in free prostate screening programs each year, as the decision to be screened is being made without the benefit of a full understanding of the current state of medical knowledge about PCa screening. Until the definitive results of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial are available, improved patient education is needed to assist men in making screening decisions consistent with their own preferences.

Black or African American↗

PubMed2001

A comparison of the psychologic impact and client satisfaction of surgical treatment with medical treatment of spontaneous abortion: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the psychologic impact and client satisfaction of routine surgical evacuation of the uterus with medical evacuation in cases of spontaneous abortion. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Two hundred eighteen women who were admitted to a university teaching hospital after spontaneous abortion and who consented to the study were randomized to routine surgical evacuation or medical evacuation of the uterus with the use of misoprostol. General psychologic well-being, level of depression, fatigue symptoms, psychiatric morbidity, social functioning, client satisfaction, and acceptance were measured in the 2 groups. RESULTS: The 2 groups did not differ in any of the measured psychological outcomes. Significantly more participants who experienced successful evacuation of the uterus with the misoprostol protocol would choose the same mode of treatment if they were able to choose again. However, participants for whom the medical treatment failed to evacuate the uterus and subsequent surgical evacuation was required are significantly less satisfied with the treatment. CONCLUSION: Medical treatment of spontaneous abortion with misoprostol is psychologically safe and more compatible with the ethnomedical beliefs of our Chinese participants. Client satisfaction and acceptance should be taken into consideration in the evaluation of treatment outcomes.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1998

Long-term outcome of trauma in children: the psychological consequences of a bus accident.

The psychological consequences of trauma on 28 Swedish children were examined 1 year and 3 years after a bus accident in western Norway in 1988. Symptoms were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale (IES), semi-structured interviews, and a questionnaire developed for this study. At the 1-year follow-up, large proportions of the sample had symptoms of Intrusion and Avoidance (IES) and symptoms of general psychological distress, but no clinically significant symptoms were observed at the 3-year follow-up. Girls and children who experienced loss in the accident were characterised by high levels of Intrusion, whereas passenger trauma and age were unrelated to the outcome. A bidirectional relationship was observed between the mothers' and the children's symptoms over time, whereas the fathers' symptoms were unrelated to the children's symptoms. The clinical implications of the study are that symptoms in all children of traumatised families deserve attention during the first year post-trauma, and that objective risk indicators (age, sex, and types of trauma) do not provide sufficient information to identify children at risk.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed2006

[Counselling versus a self-help manual for tinnitus outpatients: a comparison of effectiveness].

BACKGROUND: Counselling is a basic psychological intervention for chronic tinnitus the effectiveness of which has not yet been evaluated. SCIENTIFIC QUESTION: The therapeutic effect of counselling was compared to that of a self-help manual. Outcome was analysed for tinnitus disability, tendency to become chronic, and accompanying psychiatric disorders. METHODS: A total of 75 tinnitus outpatients were randomly assigned to group counselling (n=35) and self-help (n=40). Tinnitus disability, general psychological disturbances, depression, anxiety, coping and illness beliefs were measured using questionnaires (TQ, SCL-90-R, BDI, BAI, FKV, KKG) administered before and after treatment and at a 6-month follow-up. Psychiatric disorders (DSM-IV) were assessed using the CIDI. RESULTS: Counselling and the self-help manual had a significant effect on tinnitus disability, showing most profit for participants with a high level of tinnitus distress. The significant reduction in tinnitus distress was maintained at the 6-month follow-up. There was, however, no difference between the two treatment-groups. Effect-sizes for patients with DSM-IV-diagnoses were smaller. CONCLUSION: For tinnitus outpatients without psychiatric comorbidity, self-help manuals can be an effective first treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Internet-mediated, protocol-driven treatment of psychological dysfunction.

An Internet system was developed for assessing psychopathology, for on-line, protocol-driven cognitive-behavioural psychological treatment and for measuring the effects of treatment. The system focused on the treatment of post-traumatic stress. The treatment comprised 10 writing sessions (45 min each) over five weeks. Participants were assessed on-line before treatment, after treatment and after six-week follow-up. After treatment the participants had improved significantly in terms of post-traumatic stress symptoms (P < 0.005) and general psychological functioning (P < 0.005), and this was sustained during the follow-up. Nineteen of the 20 participants were clinically recovered after treatment. Reduction in post-traumatic stress symptoms compared favourably to changes in control and experimental groups in trials of similar but face-to-face treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Effects of 100 mg of controlled-release metoprolol and 100 mg of atenolol on blood pressure, central nervous system-related symptoms, and general well being.

Central nervous system (CNS)-related symptoms and quality of life during treatment with controlled-release (CR) metoprolol and a standard formulation of atenolol were compared in a double-blind crossover study in 60 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. After a 4-week placebo run-in period, each beta 1-adrenoceptor blocker was administered at a dosage of 100 mg once daily for 6 weeks. Quality of life was assessed regularly during the active treatment phases by use of two standardized self-administered questionnaires, the minor symptom evaluation (MSE) profile, and the psychologic general well-being (PGWB) index. Both questionnaires have previously been shown to be effective in detecting CNS symptoms and changes in well being produced by beta-blockers. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored to assess the antihypertensive efficacy of the two drugs. Metoprolol CR and atenolol produced equivalent, clinically effective reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured 24 hours after administration. The drugs were found to exert similar effects on general well being, as assessed by the PGWB index, and there were no significant differences between the two treatments with regard to the three dimensions of the MSE profile, contentment, vitality, and sleep. Thus, at equivalent antihypertensive dosages, metoprolol CR and atenolol are clinically comparable with regard to the degree of CNS-related symptoms produced and effects on general well being. Because these agents differ markedly in lipophilicity, other factors, such as beta 1-selectivity/nonselectivity, may be more important determinants of whether these subjective symptoms occur during therapy with beta-blockers.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Comparative psychological disturbance in patients with pancreatic and gastric cancer.

One hundred and seven patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and 111 patients with advanced gastric cancer, stratified for key medical and sociodemographic variables, were assessed with the Profile of Mood States before beginning combination chemotherapy in a national cancer clinical trials group. The pancreatic cancer patients had significantly higher self-ratings of depression, tension-anxiety, fatigue, confusion-bewilderment, and total mood disturbance; no difference was found in vigor or anger-hostility. These data support prior observations that patients with advanced pancreatic cancer experience significantly greater general psychological disturbance than patients with another type of advanced abdominal neoplasm.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1999

Representativeness and response rates from the Domestic/International Gastroenterology Surveillance Study (DIGEST).

BACKGROUND: The Domestic/international Gastroenterology Surveillance Study (DIGEST) examined the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms among the general population in 10 countries, and the impact of these symptoms on healthcare usage and quality of life. This report discusses the validation of the DIGEST sample and reviews the response rates from the survey. METHODS: External validation of the DIGEST sample was conducted by comparing the age, age by gender and annual household incomes of the sample with census-derived data. A comparison was also made between Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) scores from study subjects in the Scandinavian countries and the USA and the total sample population norms. RESULTS: Under- and oversampling, defined as > or =5% difference from the population norms, was evident in eight out of 10 countries, but no systematic bias was evident. The final distribution of the sample by gender was 51% female and 49% male. Although differences in PGWBI scores were noted between DIGEST subjects and population norms, these differences were <0.30 standard deviations--markedly below the difference considered as relevant for the PGWBI. Response for the survey in individual countries ranged from 17% in the USA to 61% in Norway, with a survey-wide rate of 27%. The overall response rate, including primary non-respondents, was 13.4%. The majority of nonresponse (51.4%) was attributed to failure to establish contact with the subjects, with 41.7% of subjects declining to be interviewed and the remaining 6.9% of subjects not meeting the age and sex criteria used for the survey. CONCLUSIONS: The DIGEST sample exhibited good external validity, providing a foundation for comparison between data derived from individual countries in the survey.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Prolonged fatigue, anxiety and depression: exploring relationships in a primary care sample.

OBJECTIVE: While prolonged fatigue states are frequently comorbid with other forms of distress, they are now the subject of independent aetiological and treatment research. The objective of this study was to use principal component analysis to clarify the relationships between proposed measures of prolonged fatigue and anxiety and depression in data obtained from patients attending primary care. METHOD: Self-report measures of prolonged fatigue and psychological distress (anxiety and depression) were administered to consecutive ambulatory care patients attending primary care. RESULTS: Data from 1593 subjects were obtained. A two-factor principal component solution (varimax rotation) demonstrated a clear separation between fatigue-related items (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81) as compared with those items describing anxiety and/or depression (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95). A four-factor solution produced similar results with two factors describing general psychological distress (contrasting anxiety and depression), with two other factors describing the profiles of mental and physical fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: The results lend weight to the argument that prolonged fatigue states can be measured independently of conventional notions of anxiety and depression in patients attending primary care. Epidemiological, aetiological and treatment research in psychiatry may need to focus greater attention on such prolonged fatigue states.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2002

Psychobehavioral response and weight loss prediction in a hospital-based weight reduction program.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Depression and binge eating are common adverse psychologic responses associated with weight loss in overweight and obese adults. This study aimed to assess the effects of different degrees of weight loss on psychologic functioning and the relationship between mood change and weight reduction, and to identify predictors of short-term weight loss among subjects in a hospital-based weight reduction program. METHODS: A total of 189 obese subjects who participated in a hospital-based weight-reduction program during a 12-week interval were enrolled in this study. They ranged in age from 18 to 67 years (mean, 40.5 +/- 12.3 yr) with female predominance (87.8%). Mean body weight was 79.3 +/- 13.9 kg and mean body mass index was 31.1 +/- 3.8 kg/m2 on entry into the program. Body weight was periodically measured and subjects were asked to complete two self-administered questionnaires including the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS) and the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE), pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS: Using the last observation carried forward method of analysis, the average weight loss for all participants was 5.6 +/- 3.7 kg. For subjects who completed the 12-week program, weight loss was 6.6 +/- 3.6 kg. Subjects who completed the program (n = 115, 60.8%) had significantly reduced BITE as well as all BSRS subscale scores at the end of the program. There was no linear relationship between mood change and weight loss by correlation analysis, but subjects with higher degrees of weight loss had improvement in more dimensions of psychologic functioning. Initial mood and binge-eating status predicted neither compliance nor weight reduction. Two biologic factors (initial weight loss, initial body weight) and one behavioral factor (attendance rate) were identified as significant predictors of short-term weight loss for all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence that weight loss made mood or eating pathology worse among those who completed the weight loss program. Beneficial effects on general psychologic functioning and eating pathology were demonstrated for subjects with a minimal weight loss of 5% of initial weight and who completed the program. Psychologic assessments at the start of the program did not predict weight loss at the end of participation in this hospital-based weight loss program.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

A comparison of the psychological effects of breast-saving procedures with the modified radical mastectomy.

Twenty women who underwent conservative surgical treatment of their breast cancer were compared with 20 women who underwent modified radical mastectomies on several indices of body image and psychological adjustment. The women were matched by pairs in terms of age and time postsurgery, and were group matched with respect to marital status. Women who underwent conservative surgical procedures showed significantly greater intactness of their external body boundaries, and significantly less change and weighted change in overall body satisfaction than women in the modified radical group. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to body anxiety, general psychological adjustment, or marital satisfaction. The results with respect to body boundary and body satisfaction were interpreted to be the result of the less intrusive surgical procedures used to treat the breast cancer. Since body anxiety did not appear to be affected differentially by the two procedures, it may be that women in both groups were highly concerned about their bodies as a result of having had cancer. It was suggested that there was no difference in the psychological adjustment of the two groups because the women in the modified radical group were representative of that population which adjusts well to surgery. Finally, it was concluded that marital satisfaction is stable regardless of the surgical procedure undergone to treat the breast cancer.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2003

[Symptoms, depression, and coping behaviors of university students].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among subjective symptoms, depression, and stress coping behavior of university students. METHOD: The survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 298 university students. The questionnaire consisted of each scale for symptoms, depression, and stress coping behaviors. Data analysis procedure included the factor analysis for stress coping behaviors, and the correlation analysis describing a relationship among symptoms, depression, and stress coping behaviors. RESULT: There were significant correlations between depression and the three types of symptoms : general, psychological, and somatic symptom. Subjects using the negative-emotional-response coping and the self-control coping showed a more severe depression, and those using the problem-solving reappraisal coping and the positive-emotional-response coping showed a milder depression. Subjects using the negative-emotional-response coping complained of all 3 types of symptoms severely, and those using the positive-emotional-response coping complained of general symptoms mildly. Of five stress coping methods, the negative-emotional-response and the positive-emotional-response coping methods were related to both symptoms and depression significantly. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the emotional-oriented coping method has more important role for university student's depression and their subjective symptoms than the problem-oriented coping or social supports seeking coping. Further study needs to be conducted to help students effective coping mechanism for good mental health. Also it is necessary for university students to recognize that their symptoms are associated with depression.

English Abstract↗

PubMed1999

Psychological aspects of in vitro fertilization: a review.

This paper reviews psychological research within the context of in vitro fertilization (IVF). The focus will be on psychological reactions before entering an IVF-procedure, during an IVF-treatment, and after both unsuccessful and successful IVF. The effects of psychosocial factors on the treatment outcome after IVF and interventions on conception rates will also be discussed. Undergoing an IVF-treatment is an emotional and physical burden, for both the woman and her partner. Research results suggest that couples entering an IVF-treatment program are, in general, psychologically well adjusted. Concerning reactions during the treatment, both women and men experience waiting for the outcome of the IVF-treatment and an unsuccessful IVF. as most stressful. Common reactions during IVF are anxiety and depression, while after an unsuccessful IVF, feelings of sadness, depression and anger prevail. After a successful IVF-treatment, IVF-parents experience more stress during pregnancy than 'normal fertile' parents. Mothers with children conceived by IVF express a higher quality of parent child relationship than mothers with a naturally conceived child. Research further suggests that psychosocial factors, like ineffective coping strategies, anxiety and/or depression are associated with a lower pregnancy rate following IVF-procedures. In addition, support has been found suggesting that stress reduction through relaxation training or behavioral treatment improves conception rates.

Adaptation, Psychological↗