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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Sustained oscillations in free-energy state and hexose phosphates in yeast.

In a population of intact cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the dynamics of glycolytic metabolism were investigated under the condition of sustained oscillations. At 5-s intervals cells were quenched in -40 degrees C methanol, extracted and the intracellular concentrations of glycolytic metabolites, adenine nucleotides and phosphate were analysed. Oscillations were found for the glycolytic intermediates glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. At variance with earlier reports on transient glycolytic oscillations, some intermediates further down the glycolytic pathway did not oscillate significantly, even though NADH did. In addition, the adenylate energy charge and the free energy of ATP hydrolysis oscillated significantly. Dynamic coupling through the latter may be responsible for this effective compartmentation of glycolytic dynamics.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1976

The effect of enzymes upon metabolism, storage, and release of carbohydrates in normal and abnormal endometria.

This paper presents preliminary data concerning the relationship of various components of glandular epithelium and effect of enzymes on metabolism, storage, and release of certain substances in normal and abnormal endometria. Activity of these endometrial enzymes has been compared between two groups: 252 patients with normal menstrual histories and 156 patients, all over the age of 40, with abnormal uterine bleeding. Material was obtained by endometrial biopsy or curettage. In the pathologic classification of the group of 156, 30 patients had secretory endometria, 88 patients had endometria classified as proliferative, 24 were classified as endometrial hyperplasia, and 14 were classified as adenocarcinoma. All tissue was studied by histologic, histochemical, and biochemical methods. Glycogen synthetase activity caused synthesis of glucose to glycogen, increasing in amount until midcycle, when glycogen phosphorylase activity caused the breakdown to glucose during the regressive stage of endometrial activity. This normal cyclic activity did not occur in the abnormal endometria, where activity of both enzymes continued at low constant tempo. Only the I form of glycogen synthetase increased as the tissue became more hyperplastic. With the constant glycogen content and the increased activity of both the TPN isocitric dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the hyperplastic and cancerous endometria, tissue energy was created, resulting in abnormal cell proliferation. These altered biochemical and cellular activities may be the basis for malignant cell growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Effect of chemotherapeutic agents on metabolic and bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Blood was obtained on 36 occasions from 12 healthy adult volunteers and the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were separated. PMNL hexose monophosphate shunt activity of whole blood and ability of separated cells to phagocytize and kill E. coli were evaluated when the PMNL were incubated with normal pooled sera and sera containing therapeutic concentrations of either 15 cancer chemotherapeutic drugs singly and in combination or 9 antibiotics. Resting and stimulated HMPS activity was significantly (p less than 0.025 to p less than 0.001) decreased by cyclophosphamide, carmustine (BCNU), high dose prednisone (pred), vinblastine (vinbl) and vincristine (vinc) and significantly (p less than 0.025 to p less than 0.01) increased by combinations of vinc-pred, vinc-predasparaginase, 6-mercaptopurine (6MP)-methotrexate (Mtx) and 6MP-Mtx-pred when compared to controls. No significant differences in HMPS activity of PMNL were found when exposed to various antimicrobial agents singly or in combination. The killing of E. coli by PMNL was significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased when exposed to BCNU, high concentration pred or combinations of 6MP-Mtx-pred, 6MP-Mtx and vinc-vinbl-pred but not when exposed to other chemotherapeutic agents. This study shows a disparity in results obtained when evaluating PMNL function by HMPS activity and bactericidal assay. In addition, a functional impairment in PMNL exposed to various antimetabolites occurred at a time when they exhibited normal morphology.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Involvement of adipokinetic hormone in the homeostatic control of hemolymph trehalose concentration in the larvae of Bombyx mori.

Prior to wandering, 5th instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, maintain constant hemolymph titers of trehalose. Head ligation of day 3, 5th instar larvae significantly decreased the hemolymph trehalose concentrations, but the concentrations did not decrease in starved larvae. After being diluted by replacement of larval hemolymph with insect Ringer's solution, the trehalose concentrations recovered the initial levels in 90 min in the non-ligated larvae, while they were not restored in 90 min in the neck-ligated larvae. These results suggest that a head factor(s) with hypertrehalosemic activity is involved in the homeostatic control of hemolymph trehalose concentration. When adipokinetic hormone (AKH) was injected into neck-ligated larvae, the trehalose concentrations increased in 2 h and decreased thereafter. Repeated injections of AKH every 4 h maintained the concentrations for 12 h. These findings suggest that AKH induces a hypertrehalosemic response and is involved in the homeostasis of hemolymph trehalose concentration in the larval feeding period.

Animals↗