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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Segmental distribution of muscle weakness in SMA III: implications for deterioration in muscle strength with time.

We examined 26 spinal muscular atrophy type III (SMA III) patients with SMNt deletions, searching for possible segmental distribution of muscle weakness. In those with disease duration of < or = 11 years, the weakest muscles were upper lumbar innervated ones in the lower extremities. In the upper extremities, early involvement of triceps muscle suggested the possibility of lower cervical (C7) onset. Electrophysiologically, weaker muscles had a more severe reduction in the recruitment pattern, particularly in the lower extremities. However, severe reduction in recruitment was sometimes also observed in clinically strong muscles. In patients with disease duration of > or = 16 years and regardless of disease duration, in those with disease onset at < or = 3 years of age, weakness and severe electrophysiological changes were more widespread. These findings may suggest a progression in muscle weakness with time. When compared to 12 patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), early stage SMA III with weak iliopsoas-strong gluteus maximus stood in contrast to BMD with weak gluteus maximus-strong iliopsoas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Enlarged iliopsoas bursa. A rare cause of inguinal mass].

Bursa iliopsoatica is a well-defined anatomical structure lying under the corresponding muscle on the pelvis and hip joint. If it becomes large, it can be an uncommon cause of an inguinal mass with symptoms from compressed neighbour structures. An enlarged bursa can be associated with arthritis and arthrosis of the hip. We describe a patient with an inguinal tumour, with radicular pain, and discuss the diagnostic approach, pathogenesis and treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Nociceptive withdrawal reflexes evoked by uniform-temperature laser heat stimulation of large skin areas in humans.

Nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWR) were evoked by brief (200 ms) painful CO(2) laser stimulation at five intensities (1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 x pain threshold) applied to nine sites (2 cm(2)) separated by 1.7 cm on the dorsal side of the foot and anterior part of the lower leg of 14 healthy volunteers. The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of NWRs evoked by a natural stimulation modality. The reflexes were measured as the electromyographic response from the iliopsoas (ILI), quadriceps vastus lateralis (QVL), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and soleus (SOL) muscles. Stimulus-response relationships between heat intensity and the reflex magnitude and correlation between perceived pain intensity and reflex magnitude were observed in the ILI, QVL, BF, and TA but not the SOL. No significant differences in reflex magnitude were found between the stimulation sites. NWRs were evoked more often in flexor muscles than extensor muscles, indicating a non-site-specific reflex organization. The paper presents a new method to evoke NWRs by uniform-temperature laser heat stimulation of large skin areas in humans. These heat evoked reflexes had a stimulus-response relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Modifications to the traditional description of neurosegmental innervation in myelomeningocele.

The consistency between patterns of lower-limb muscle strengths in children with myelomeningocele and Sharrard's classic description of segmental innervation was examined in 291 patients. Although it has been assumed that medial hamstring innervation was from a similar neurosegmental level as gluteus medius, and gluteus maximus was from a similar level as gastrocnemius-soleus, the authors found that medial hamstring strength more frequently correlated with iliopsoas and quadriceps, and glutei with anterior tibialis. It is proposed that children with myelomeningocele be grouped according to specific muscle strength rather than by neurosegmental level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Spontaneous iliopsoas hematoma in patients with unstable coronary syndromes receiving intravenous heparin in therapeutic doses.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between the use of anticoagulants, specifically heparin, and the development of iliacus and psoas muscle hematoma. Three patients with unstable angina who developed groin pain while on heparin anticoagulation are presented. Patients who are anticoagulated with heparin are at increased risk of developing iliacus or psoas hematoma, manifesting a wide range of symptoms from groin pain to massive bleeding and shock. Identification of these patients is crucial in cardiology practice. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE searches under "iliacus', "psoas' and "iliopsoas hematoma' were conducted and cross-referenced with patients on anticoagulant therapy. Only English language articles were included. STUDY SELECTION: The search covered January 1966 to February 1995. Fifty-one articles were studied. DATA SYNTHESIS: The current literature suggests that anticoagulation can cause iliacus or psoas muscle hematoma and usually presents as femoral neuropathy. However, the presented case reports provide evidence that an earlier manifestation of this entity is the development of groin pain, and that early identification is crucial to improving patient morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are on heparin anticoagulation should be carefully monitored for development of groin pain or leg weakness. In such cases, early recognition of possible iliacus or psoas hematoma should be by abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography, and heparin anticoagulation should be modified according to its clinical requirement.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Myofascial origins of low back pain. 2. Torso muscles.

Trigger points (TPs) in muscles of the lower torso associated with the spine are an important cause of low back pain. The quadratus lumborum is the muscle most commonly involved, but TPs located there are often overlooked because of inadequate physical examination techniques. TPs in the lower rectus abdominis refer pain horizontally across the low back, and those in the iliopsoas refer pain in a vertical pattern, parallel to the lumbosacral spine. The pain pattern of TPs in the serratus posterior inferior is noted in the region of the muscle itself.

Back↗
PubMed1991

Ambulatory outcome of children with myelomeningocele: effect of lower-extremity muscle strength.

The relationship between patterns of strength and mobility was studied in 291 children with myelomeningocele, graded as community ambulators, partial (household) ambulators and nonambulators. Iliopsoas strength was found to be the best predictor of ambulation, with the quadriceps, anterior tibialis and glutei also contributing significantly. Grade 0 to 3 iliopsoas strength was always associated with partial or complete reliance on a wheelchair. No patient with grade 4 to 5 iliopsoas and quadriceps function relied completely on wheelchairs and the majority were community ambulators. Grade 4 to 5 gluteal and anterior tibialis function was associated with community ambulation, without aids or braces. Deterioration in mobility was most common in those with strong iliopsoas/quadriceps and grade 0 to 3 gluteus medius, and was not age-related.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Force- and moment-generating capacity of lower-extremity muscles before and after tendon lengthening.

A computer model of the human lower extremity was developed to study how surgical lengthening of tendon affects the force- and moment-generating capacity of the muscles. This model computes the maximum isometric force and the resulting joint moments that each muscle-tendon complex can develop at any body position. Tendon lengthenings were simulated by increasing the tendon length of each muscle-tendon complex and computing the change in the maximum isometric muscle force and joint moments at a specific body position. These simulations showed that the forces and moments developed by the ankle plantarflexors are extremely sensitive to changes in tendon length. For example, at a body position corresponding to the midstance phase of gait, the maximum isometric moment generated by soleus decreased 30% with a 1-cm increase in tendon length, and 85% with a 2-cm increase in tendon length. In contrast, 1- and 2-cm increases in iliopsoas tendon length decreased its hip flexion moment by only 4% and 9%, respectively. This article quantifies the sensitivity of muscle force and joint moments to changes in tendon length for the most commonly lengthened lower-extremity tendons. These results indicate how much each of these tendons should be lengthened to achieve an incremental decrease in muscle force or joint moment.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1978

Myelodysplasia. The influence of the quadriceps and hip abductor muscles on ambulatory function and stability of the hip.

In an analysis of motor function, ambulatory function, and hip stability in sixty-five patients with myelodysplasia, four motor-function groups based on the strength of the quadriceps and hip abductor muscles were identified. Retrospectively, it was evident that based on these groups, it would have been possible to predict which hips would remain stable, what level of ambulatory function the patients could achieve, and whether treatment to reduce and stabilize the hips was indicated. Fifty-seven of fifty-eight hips in the twenty-nine patients with functioning quadriceps muscles but non-functioning hip-abductor muscles were either subluxated or dislocated. Thirty-nine of the remaining forty-six patients with functioning quadriceps muscles could walk. In this series, three operative procedures were used to treat hip subluxation: varus osteotomy, varus osteotomy combined with iliopsoas transfer, and iliopsoas transfer alone. One shelf procedure was also done. Varus osteotomy was the best procedure for hip subluxation while posterior iliopsoas transfer, either alone or in combination with a varus osteotomy, was of questionable value. Treatment of hip instability (subluxation or dislocation) in patients without quadriceps function was not necessary.

Adolescent↗