SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Immigration”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Dental caries and resources spent for dental care among immigrant children and adolescents in Norway.

The purpose of this study was to compare dental status and resource requirements in immigrants to Norway, three to 18 years of age, with Norwegians of the same age group. Data on dmft and DMFT, fillings placed and time spent for dental care were registered in the records of 9000 such children in the period 1992-93. Eleven per cent of the children were immigrant children. Immigrant children three to six years of age had fewer sound teeth and more decayed, missing and filled teeth than Norwegian children and the pre-school immigrant children had higher treatment needs. However, the time spent on a pre-school child with an immigrant background was shorter than the time spent on a Norwegian child with the same number of decayed teeth. The differences between immigrants and Norwegians disappeared with higher age. Immigrant children older than six years had dental health and resource requirements similar to those of Norwegian adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1963

The increased incidence of thyrotoxicosis in immigrants.

Evidence is presented that, in Toronto, hyperthyroidism is significantly more prevalent in immigrants than in native-born patients. In a series of 4000 outpatients only eight of 1854 native-born patients were thyrotoxic, whereas 33 of 2146 immigrants proved to be so (p < 0.001). There is little likelihood that a genetic or nutritional predisposition accounted for the findings, because the immigrants came from widely scattered parts of the world. Possibly, the immigrants were reluctant to seek medical attention for minor illnesses, thereby giving rise to an apparent but not real increase of thyrotoxicosis in the foreignborn. There was less mental illness diagnosed in the immigrants than in the nativeborn patients, a point against relating the thyroid overactivity to emotional stress. It is suggested that the adjustment of settling in a strange country may be physiologically disturbing in some unknown way and may give rise to an increased incidence of thyrotoxicosis in immigrants.

Emigrants and Immigrants↗

PubMed2001

The effect of fear on access to care among undocumented Latino immigrants.

The passage of California's Proposition 187 in 1994 intensified debate over health care access for the undocumented population. Under Proposition 187, physicians would have been required to report the undocumented immigrants to immigration authorities. Even before 187, some undocumented may have been wary to come in contact with the medical care system. This paper examines whether concerns about one's immigration status serves as a deterrent to seeking care. These concerns may be resurfacing, with changes under the 1996 welfare reform legislation and related amendments that affect eligibility of non-citizen immigrants for public programs and states' ability to provide care to undocumented immigrants. Therefore, representative in-person surveys of undocumented Latinos were conducted in Houston, El Paso, Fresno, and Los Angeles in neighborhoods with significant concentrations of Latinos. It was found that 39% of the undocumented adult immigrants expressed fear about receiving medical services because of undocumented status. Those reporting fear were likelier to report inability acquiring medical and dental care, prescription drugs, and eyeglasses. Hence it can be concluded that concern about immigration status decreases the likelihood of receiving care.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1994

West African Immigrants and New Patterns of Malaria Imported to North Eastern Italy.

With the settlement of increasing numbers of immigrants from tropical African countries into Italy over the last decade, the epidemiologic pattern of imported malaria underwent significant change. Italian immigrants originating from endemic areas who revisit their country of origin have exhibited an increasing incidence of malaria: the Italian Ministry of Health recorded an increase of from 14% in 1986 to 40.4% in 1991. This retrospective study reviews the epidemiology of all malaria cases recorded from 1988 to 1991 in a regional reference center in North Eastern Italy. Epidemiologic factors, including the details of their travel experience, were examined for all cases, and the relation of immigrants to Italian-born citizens were compared. Of the 100 cases recorded during this period, 36 were diagnosed in 1988-1989 and 64 in 1990-1991. Immigrants accounted for six times more cases during the latter than during the former time period. Compared to nonimmune short-term travelers, immigrants experienced significantly milder forms of the disease and lower levels of parasitemia (Plasmodium falciparum) on admission. Notably, 10 cases of malaria in immigrants were not recognized at first observation on microbiology. With the advent of this new risk group of immigrants that originate from endemic countries, especially those making occasional short visits to their native countries, this new epidemiologic profile of malaria imported into Italy shows the need for improvement in the areas of prophylaxis, pretravel education, and diagnostic services.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1991

Social relationships between immigrant and resident bonobo (Pan paniscus) females at Wamba.

Social relations and behaviours of adolescent female pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus) that migrated between unit groups were studied at Wamba, Zaïre. Each immigrant female selected one particular resident female, a 'specific senior female' (SSF) and frequently approached and followed her. Affinitive behaviours (e.g. grooming, genitogenital rubbing) were frequently performed between the immigrant and her SSF. Most affinitive behaviours were more likely to be initiated by the immigrant than by her SSF. The immigrant's relationship with her SSF seemed to facilitate the immigrant's integration into the new unit group. Resident males actively approached and mated with the immigrant females. Copulation also appeared to further the immigrant's stable relationship with the resident males.

Agonistic Behavior↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Positive pregnancy outcomes in Mexican immigrants: what can we learn?

OBJECTIVE: To provide an integrated review of the literature of potential explanations for better than expected pregnancy outcomes in Mexican immigrants, focusing on socioeconomics, social support, desirability of pregnancy, nutrition, substance use, religion, acculturation, and prenatal care. DATA SOURCES: Computerized searches of MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, as well as reference lists from published articles on low birth weight and prematurity in immigrants and acculturation in immigrants from January 1989 to December 2002. Search terms were Mexican immigrant women, childbearing, and pregnancy outcome, and only English-language articles were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Literature was selected from refereed publications in the areas of nursing, medicine, public health, family, and sociology. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted using keywords pertinent to pregnancy outcome in Mexican immigrants. DATA SYNTHESIS: Despite having many of the risk factors for poor pregnancy outcomes, Mexican immigrants have superior birth outcomes when compared to U.S.-born women. Social support, familism, healthy diet, limited use of cigarettes and alcohol, and religion may play a role in improved outcomes. The superior outcomes diminish with the process of acculturation as the individual adapts to her new culture. CONCLUSIONS: Low birth weight and prematurity are public health concerns in the United States. Through further study of the factors that lead to superior birth outcomes among Mexican immigrant women, rates of low birth weight and prematurity in the United States may be reduced.

Acculturation↗

PubMed2006

Hospitalisation among immigrants in Italy.

BACKGROUND: Immigration is increasing in Italy. In 2003, 2.6 million foreign citizens lived in the country; 52% were men and the majority were young adults who migrated for work. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in hospitalisation between immigrants and the resident population during the year 2000 in the Lazio region. METHODS: Hospital admissions of immigrants from Less Developed Countries were compared to those of residents. We measured differences in hospitalisation rates and proportions admitted. RESULTS: Adult immigrants have lower hospitalisation rates than residents (134.6 vs. 160.5 per thousand population for acute care; 26.4 vs. 38.3 for day care). However, hospitalisation rates for some specific causes (injuries, particularly for men, infectious diseases, deliveries and induced abortions, ill-defined conditions) were higher for immigrants than for residents. Immigrants under 18 years seem to be generally healthy; causes of admission in this group are similar to those of residents of the same age (respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning). The only important differences are for infectious and parasitic diseases, with a higher proportion among immigrant youths. CONCLUSION: The low hospitalisation rates for foreigners may suggest that they are a population with good health status. However, critical areas, related to poor living and working conditions and to social vulnerability, have been identified. Under-utilisation of services and low day care rates may be partially due to administrative, linguistic, and cultural barriers. As the presence of foreigners becomes an established phenomenon, it is important to evaluate their epidemiological profile, develop instruments to monitor and fulfil their specific health needs and plan health services for a multi-ethnic population.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

[Antenatal care in immigrants].

The phenomenon of immigration has had an impact on the health care of the population. The immigrant population in Spain today represents approximately 8% of the total population. The majority of this population proceeds from countries with low income, and its origin and distribution is diverse. The immigrant population is characterised by its being young and healthy, and with a capacity to adapt to changes, but its social, economic and labour conditions are frequently insecure and favour vulnerability to disease. In spite of the number of immigrants of the male sex being globally higher than that of women, the percentage of immigrants of the female sex is growing. This increase of the female immigrant population has resulted in the appearance of specific health care needs, especially with respect to sexual and reproductive health. To which we must add a substantial increase in pathologies prevalent in the countries of origin, such as anaemia, tuberculosis, malnutrition, haemoglobinopathies, consanguinity, hypocalcaemia, hepatitis B and/or C, sexually transmitted infections, infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods, such as Chagas disease and other parasitoses, as well as genital mutilations. The aim of this article is to analyse the factors that make it difficult to control gestation in the immigrant population, as well as to establish guidelines for acting in antenatal care consultations. Insistence is placed on health education and prevention during pregnancy, and consideration is given to the appearance of rare diseases related to some of these groups.

Female↗

PubMed1996

The earnings of Mexican immigrants in the United States.

"This paper documents the trends in the earnings of Mexican immigrants during the 1970-1990 period. The empirical evidence indicates that there has been a decline in the relative wage of successive Mexican immigrant waves in the past three decades and that little wage convergence occurs between the typical Mexican immigrant and the typical native worker. The data also suggest that the increasing importance of Mexican immigration is partly responsible for the deterioration in relative skills observed in the aggregate immigrant population, but that there has also been a decline in relative skills even among non-Mexican immigrants."

Americas↗

PubMed1995

Modelling migration flows of immigrant groups in Canada.

"In this paper, the authors briefly review the findings of an earlier study on the patterns of both regional and metropolitan redistribution of immigrant groups in Canada. Against this backdrop, a hierarchical model of migration for immigrant groups for the period 1981-86 is developed and estimated. The internal redistribution of immigrants through postarrival migration has continued to be focused on metropolitan areas in general and on Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal in particular. The distribution of previous immigrants plays a significant role over and above that of economic circumstances both in retaining immigrants in a particular city and in attracting members of immigrant groups from other cities."

Americas↗

PubMed1997

Gender, age, and ethnicity in immigration for an Australian nation.

An analysis of Australian immigration policy since the Second World War is presented. The emphasis is on the gender and age of preferred immigrants, rather than on their race or place of birth. "The author proposes that selection of immigrant settlers in Australia since World War 2 has been gendered as well as racialised, often combining particular sexisms with particular racisms and specifying the ways that ethnicity and gender should coexist in immigrants of different age groups. She notes implications for immigrants once in Australia (especially women) of the category under which they have entered the country. And she suggests that a new phase relating immigration to redefinition of the Australian nation, in which the temporary migration of skilled workers is preferred to their permanent migration, may be beginning; a phase whose modes of regulation and outcomes are as distinctively gendered as were those of their predecessors."

Age Factors↗

PubMed1996

Labour market career among young Finnish immigrants in Sweden: a longitudinal study.

"The conditions for young immigrants in the Swedish labour market have been widely discussed in recent years. One hypothesis put forward is that young immigrants tend to remain in jobs with low wages, high risks of unemployment and bad working environments, and their mobility out of such jobs is low.... Because composition of the immigrant group, through immigration and re-emigration, changes over time, the use of longitudinal studies is especially useful. However, only a few such studies have been conducted in Sweden, none of which gives special attention to the labour market careers of immigrant youth. The aim of this paper is to remedy this deficiency by using comprehensive longitudinal data for the period 1970 to 1990. Finnish-born youth were selected for study because they are the largest immigrant group in Sweden." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

The changing labour market position of Canadian immigrants.

"This paper uses pooled 1971, 1981, and 1986 Canadian census data to evaluate the extent to which (1) the earnings of Canadian immigrants at the time of immigration fall short of the earnings of comparable Canadian-born individuals, and (2) immigrants' earnings grow more rapidly over time than those of the Canadian born. Variations in the labour market assimilation of immigrants according to their gender and country of origin are also analysed. The results suggest that recent immigrant cohorts have had more difficulty being assimilated into the Canadian labour market than earlier ones, an apparent consequence of recent changes in Canadian immigration policy, labour market discrimination against visible minorities, and the prolonged recession of the early 1980s." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Acculturation↗

PubMed1996

Immigration policy and the U.S. economy: an institutional perspective.

The author examines some aspects of the current situation concerning immigration to the United States. He predicts that the 1990s will witness the largest flow of immigrants into the population and labor force of any decade in the country's history; furthermore, since there is no universally accepted right to immigrate, the adoption of migration policy is one area of economic policymaking that is not controlled by market forces. He also notes that while the country's need is for a highly skilled, motivated, and educated labor force, the majority of current immigrants have low skill levels and relatively little education. The need to develop and implement a migration policy that is in tune with the country's economic objectives is stressed. He concludes that "the resurrection of mass immigration from out of the nation's distant past was a political accident; its perpetuation in the 1990s is contrary to national interest. Immigration reform, therefore, needs to be [in] the forefront of the nation's economic policy agenda."

Americas↗

PubMed1997

Immigration reform and the browning of America: tensions, conflicts and community instability in metropolitan Los Angeles.

"Tensions, conflicts, and community instability associated with heightened immigration--especially of nonwhite immigrant groups--threaten to balkanize America. This article highlights the root causes of the growing opposition to both immigrants and U.S. immigration policy--the nativist backlash, presents a typology of the community-level conflicts that have arisen as a consequence of heightened immigration--legal and illegal--to the United States over the last 30 years, and outlines the conditions under which diversity can be brought to the forefront as one of society's strengths.... The 1992 Los Angeles County Social Survey (LACSS)...provides insights into the nature and magnitude of intergroup stereotyping and prejudice in a community in which large numbers of immigrants have settled."

Americas↗

PubMed1998

Different paths: gender, immigration and political participation.

"Building on arguments made by Grasmuck and Pessar (1991), Hardy-Fanta (1993), and Hondagneu-Sotelo (1994), among others, this article makes the case for a gendered understanding of immigrant political socialization. Looking at recent Latin American immigrants to New York City, the article argues that immigrant Latino men are more likely to favor continuity in patterns of socialization and organization, and immigrant Latinas are more likely to favor change. This finding helps bridge theoretical and empirical literatures in immigration studies, applying the logic of gender-differentiated decisionmaking to the area of immigrant political socialization and behavior."

Acculturation↗

PubMed1997

Job displacement effects of Canadian immigrants by country of origin and occupation.

"Some previous Canadian studies have shown that considering the labor market as a whole and also pooling all immigrants as a group, immigrants do not have any job displacement effects on the Canadian born. This study presents some new evidence. It disaggregates immigrants by country of origin and by occupation groups and provides an analysis of job displacement effects of immigrants on the native-born Canadians by these dimensions. The study finds that (1) U.S. immigrants and the Canadians are substitutes [for] competing groups in the labor market and the effect is quite significant; (2) Canadians and Europeans are competing groups in certain occupations, while they have complementary skills in others; and (3) immigrants from the Third World and the Canadians are slightly competing groups in certain occupations."

Americas↗

PubMed1998

Social determinants of psychiatric morbidity and well-being in immigrant elders and whites in east London.

OBJECTIVES: The social conditions under which migrants to the UK live may be more significant than the experience of migration itself in leading to increased risk of mental illness. We aimed to compare the prevalence of mental, physical and social health problems in elderly Somalis, Bengalis and whites living in a deprived inner London area and examine associations between environmental circumstances, social support, physical health status, mood and life satisfaction in these groups. In addition, we wanted to test the hypothesis that differences in mental health between immigrants and whites are explained by social disadvantages rather than ethnicity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey with participants drawn from age-sex registers of general practices, augmented by other sources. SETTING: East London--'first-generation' Somali and Bengali immigrants and white British. SUBJECTS: A total of 274 people aged 60+ years: 72 Somalis, 75 Bengalis and 127 whites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Scale (SAD), Life Satisfaction Index (LSI). High SAD scores indicate more anxiety and depression symptoms; high LSI scores indicate greater life satisfaction. MAIN RESULTS: Highest SAD scores were found among Bengalis; lowest LSI scores were found among Bengalis and Somalis. The prevalences of depression (SAD score 6+) were 25% in Somalis, 77% in Bengalis and 25% in east London whites. Physical health status and SAD scores were associated in Somalis (r = +0.31, p < or = 0.01). Bengalis (r = +0.47, p < or = 0.001) and east London whites (r = +0.27, p < or = 0.01). Physical health problems also related to lower LSI scores in Somalis (r = -0.24, p < or = 0.05) and east London whites (r = -0.24, p < or = 0.01). Social factors (i.e. poor housing conditions, low family support and reported need of community services) were strongly associated with SAD scores among Somalis (r = +0.5, p < or = 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, among Bengalis (r = +0.33, p < or = 0.01). Ethnicity (i.e. being an immigrant as opposed to a non-immigrant) became a statistically non-significant risk factor for high SAD scores after adjusting for the effects of age, weekly income, physical health and social problems (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.5-1.1, p = 0.09). A residual, but much attenuated effect for ethnicity on LSI scores persisted in the estimated model after controlling for the same set of independent risk factors (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4-1, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The marked variation in mental health between ethnic groups in east London might be a reflection of socioeconomic and health differentials acting concomitantly and adversely. Inequalities in housing, social support, income and physical health status accounted for variation in mood observed between immigrants and whites, and may partly explain differences in life satisfaction. These results seem to support a 'multiple jeopardy' theory of ageing in ethnic minorities in east London. Greater efforts are needed to recognize anxiety and depression in immigrant elders. Better social support and housing among 'minority ethnic' elders who live alone might be expected to alleviate social stress and improve mental health and psychological well-being.

Acculturation↗