PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Lithuania”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Observations on renal replacement services in Russia, Belarus and Lithuania.

This report describes the current financial, technical and medical status of nephrology, dialysis and renal transplant services in these countries with the hope of helping our colleagues there to upgrade their standards of care. The general impression is that physicians as well as administrators in these countries are eager to improve conditions of patient care despite a disastrous economical climate. Our view is that we can help by providing literature, textbooks, journals, travel funds, by offering visiting fellowships to individual physicians, and by forming partnerships between nephrology centres.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1999

Oaths, laws, and declarations in the studies of medical ethics in Lithuania.

The article aims at: (a) elucidating the evolution of ethical principles in Lithuanian medical practice, associating it with the past and present changes taking place in social life, from the so-called "free-of-charge" medical service to paid insurance and private medical service; (b) debating the newly-established principles of the patients' autonomy, patient's informing, and veracity by interpreting the traditional Hippocratic principles of beneficence (usefulness) and nonmaleficence (harmlessness), as well as confidentiality, with respect to the documents of the World Medical Association; (c) acquainting the readers with ethical education at the Kaunas University of Medicine, basing the rules of professional conduct on accepted oaths, codes, and declarations; and (d) inviting medical students and health care practitioners to take part in the discussion to facilitate the solution of ethical dilemmas of medicine, which arise in practical work, and pose difficult and controversial problems. I briefly describe the situation in Lithuanian society which gave rise to the changes in the field of medicine. We relied on universally accepted oaths, codes, and declarations in interpreting medical ethical principles. The experience gained in academic studies on medical ethics at the Kaunas University of Medicine was also described by pointing to ethical dilemmas and their possible solution.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1996

Characteristics of the Workforce and Activity Optimization in the Building Industries of Lithuania.

The evaluation of human individual characteristics is very important for any ergotechnical system optimization, especially in occupational safety. Investigations were carried out for this purpose. An important classification of ergonomic characteristics for construction workers was prepared. The importance and relevance of the choice of those characteristics as well as their application are presented in the article.

accident prevention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The best approach to the problem of whiplash? One ticket to Lithuania, please.

The Quebec Task Force (QTF) on Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD)--1995--sent a clear message that we need to re-evaluate the basis for our treatment strategies, and in particular place more emphasis on research to better define these strategies. Judging by many of the clinical strategies currently in use, the Task Force recommendations seem to have been largely ignored three years later. A further compelling reason to re-evaluate our current practices at this time is the finding of much more rapid recovery rates in some cultures, even with little or no therapy. This commentary is a frank consideration of the therapeutic community's responsibility to not only help solve the dilemma of whiplash, but also avoid contributing to the problem. We thus explore a new biopsychosocial model of whiplash, considering the effects of symptom expectation, amplification, and attribution in chronic pain reporting. Based on that model we propose a treatment strategy, and conclude that such strategies provide the only viable approach to this medicolegal and social dilemma.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2000

A case-referent study on fetal bacteremia and late fetal death of unknown etiology in Lithuania.

BACKGROUND: The objectives were to test the hypothesis that certain strains of microorganisms are present in fetal blood in a significant proportion of parturient women suffering unexplained third trimester fetal death, and to examine the correlation between fetal bacteremia and histologic chorioamnionitis and vasculitis. METHODS: A case-referent study was carried out on 58 pregnant women with fetal death of unknown etiology (cases) and 116 pregnant women at term (referents) with live fetuses. Cultures from maternal endocervix, amniotic fluid, placental homogenate, external ear and blood of newborns were performed in both groups. Histological examination of placentas and fetal membranes was carried out in order to identify chorioamnionitis and chorionic vasculitis. RESULTS: Intrauterine fetal bacteremia was observed in 36% of cases and in 0% of referents (p= 0.001). Escherichia coli was the most common strain, isolated in 21% of fetal blood samples in cases. Extensive histologic chorioamnionitis was observed in 50% of cases with the presence of Escherichia coli in blood of stillborns. Chorionic vasculitis was found in 67% of such cases. Positive significant correlations between isolation of the Escherichia coli from maternal endocervix, amniotic fluid, placenta, fetal ear and blood in stillborns and histological chorioamnionitis and chorionic vasculitis were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Escherichia coli bacteremia was detected in a significant proportion of stillborns suffering a third trimester prelabor death. Fetal bacteremia significantly correlated with histologic signs of inflammation in placenta and membranes. Ascending subclinical intrauterine infection may play an important role in the etiology of otherwise unexplained late prelabor fetal death.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Evaluation of diagnostic methods and characteristics of patients operated on for cervical cancer in Lithuania, 1998-2000].

The total number of new cases of cervical cancer for the three-year period was 1392 patients. The number of cases was fairly evenly distributed among the years of the study period 1998-2000. The total number of new cases of Stages I and II of cervical cancer was 713 (51.2%) cases, and that of Stages III and IV was 623 (44.8%) cases. The number of the new cases with an unknown stage of the disease was found to be 56 (4.0%) cases. The number of patients with Stage IIIB disease was the highest (69 cases) among all the stages of cervical cancer for the study period 1998-2000. The second most common stage was Stage IB disease with 52 patients belonging to this category. One-half (50.0%) of all operated patients because of cervical cancer during the study period 1998-2000 were women of 44 years of age and younger. Therefore, major considerations are to be given for women of reproductive age where effective screening and early detection of cervical pathology could help to avoid a lot of invasive cases of the disease and thus decrease mortality due to it. Generally, the diagnostic work-up and examinations of cervical cancer patients were insufficient, especially in cases of advanced stage disease. Stages III and IV were diagnosed in 44.8% of all cases. Overall, cystoscopy was performed in 39.4% (42 cases) of the total number of cases in Stages IIB through IVA of cervical cancer. Overall, rectosigmoidoscopy was performed in 6.4% (7 cases) of the total number of cases in Stages IIB through IVA of the disease. Finally, the proportion of CT that was performed in cases of Stages IIB through IVB of cervical cancer was 8.4% only. Clinical staging correlates well with pathologic staging in Stage I, particularly Stage IA (88.91%). The data also indicates that parametrial involvement would seem to be the most difficult problem, as 28.59% of Stage IIB and 32.3% of Stage IIIB were down-staged on the basis of pathological findings. This would suggest that in some cases the basic clinical staging rules are not being followed, or clearly understood. Kappa statistics (p = 0.05), diagnostic agreement 86.9% +/- 8%.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Toxoplasmosis as anthropo-zoonosis and its immunodiagnostics in Lithuania].

Anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were found in 43.2% of examined mothers, infants and children below 14 years of age, whereas IgM antibodies were found in 6.2% of the examined persons only. Diagnoses of acquired and congenital toxoplasmosis were based on the results of clinical examination and immunological confirmation. In infants, anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies are not indicative of Toxoplasma invasion, since they frequently come from mother and then disappear by the end of the first year of life, whereas finding of specific immunoglobulins M is the evidence of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Adolescent↗