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PubMed2004

[Morphological characterization of arteriovenous shunts in the lower limbs].

This paper describes the results of anatomohistological examination of a typical arteriovenous shunt (AVS) harvested from the leg. It has been revealed that the shunt structure is in full agreement with its functional aims. This manifests by the well-developed muscular layer (comparable with the muscular layer of the great artery) and developed adventitia in which the collagen fibers determine the rigidity and resistance to the intravascular blood pressure. The authors substantiate the hypothesis of the role played by the AVS in regulation of peripheral circulation as its indispensable constituent.

Arteriovenous Anastomosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphologic characterization and biological aspects of evolutive forms of Babesia bigemina (Smith and Kilborne, 1893) (Protozoa: Babesiidae) in Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887)].

The development of Babesia bigemina in Boophilus microplus were studied in experimental conditions, using crossed-breed bovine from free-area of these parasites. Stages of the hemoparasites were observed in the tick vector, starting from the infected red-blood cells observed in the gut of engorged females, from the first 24 hours after detachment to the emergence of sporokinets in the larvas. In the period from 24 to 48 hours after detachment of the engorged females (DEF), the presence of some infected red-blood cells was verified, beside the occurrence of ray bodies and of vermiculars forms, known as oocynets. Since 72 hours after the DEF, the of okinets presence was observed in the cytoplasm of the epithelium cells besides of great sporokinets number in development. At same period, the presence of sporokinets of B. bigemina in the hemolymph samples was observed inside the hemocytes. After the fourth day of incubation beside the presence of the sporokinets was also verified in the Malpighi's tubes and ovaries. As well as in the ticks eggs from the sporokinets were also observed ticks eggs from the fourty day after the natural detachment of the engorged females of the host.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Morphological characterization of the breast in Proteus syndrome complicated by ductal carcinoma in situ.

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a severe, variable, and rare disorder with asymmetric and disproportionate overgrowth of body parts, cerebriform connective tissue nevi, epidermal nevi, dysregulated adipose tissue, and vascular malformations. It is associated with benign and occasionally malignant tumors. We report the first case of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in a 28-yr-old woman with PS who underwent a mastectomy for asymmetric overgrowth. The cut surface of the tissue showed a discrete, white, lobulated, solid mass with multiple cysts with occasional small polypoid nodules. Microscopically, the tissue was characterized by neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes. The former consisted of multiple intraductal papillomas and low-grade intraductal papillary, solid, and cribriform carcinoma. The non-neoplastic changes were characterized by cysts of various sizes, lined by cuboidal or apocrine cells, focally with epithelial papillary proliferation; the lumens contained eosinophilic, mucicarmine-positive, and PAS-positive material. Variable ductal proliferation and periductal, peri- and intra-lobular fibrosis with loose fibrous connective tissue was present. The carcinoma was positive for ER, PR, CK7, and MIB-1 (40%), and negative for p53 and CK20 staining. We conclude that DCIS may be one of the tumors associated with PS and that the proliferative phenotype serves as an initiator for carcinogenesis. This case highlights the difficulty of recognizing small foci of carcinoma in an asymmetrical overgrowth of the breast in a young woman with PS.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Functional and morphological characterization of alveolar macrophages from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis].

Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 28 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Enzyme cytochemical staining with the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase revealed a significantly increased portion of sarcoidosis macrophages showing a monocyte-like phenotype. Immunocytochemical staining with the proliferation-associated monoclonal antibody Ki-67 showed an increase of proliferating monocyte/macrophages related to disease activity in sarcoidosis. A functional activation of alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis is indicated by spontaneous interleukin-1 secretion and increased release of oxygen free radical in sarcoidosis alveolar macrophages.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1989

Morphological characterization of the pathway of endocytosis and intracellular processing of transferrin and alpha-fetoprotein in human T lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA).

Covalent conjugates of transferrin (Tf) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) have been used to follow, at the ultrastructural level, the uptake and the intracellular pathway of these proteins in peripheral blood human lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) to blast formation. Both proteins enter specifically the cells via vesicles (60-70 nm in diameter) and endosomes. They are then observed in multivesicular bodies and tubular vesicular elements in the Golgi region. AFP is thus found in the same subcellular compartments as Tf and is probably also recycled, as most of the 125I-labeled protein leaves the cells undegraded. Unstimulated lymphocytes do not internalize significantly AFP-HRP. The uptake of a noncovalent conjugate of AFP-HRP and [3H]-arachidonic acid [3H-(20:4)] is usually poor, at 37 degrees C, in unstimulated lymphocytes as well as, at 4 degrees C, in lymphocytes stimulated for 72 h. Stimulated lymphocytes incubated at 37 degrees C with the radioactive conjugate show a heavy labeling of cell organelles and more particularly of lipid droplets. AFP could regulate the intracellular delivery of fatty acid molecules.

Endocytosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bronchoalveolar cancer (clinical, x-ray and morphologic characterization)].

The authors presented a clinicoroentgenological picture of bronchioloalveolar cancer based on the analysis of 154 cases; 4 types of disease were defined: peripheral tumors, pseudopneumonic type tumors, multiple nodular formations, and mixed type tumors. Common features of this disease and symptomatology of each separate type were described. The most prominent features of bronchioloalveolar cancer are the absence of bronchial tree involvement and frequent presence of typical cavities with well defined outlines and "lattice" structure. The characteristic features of peripheral bronchioloalveolar cancer are slow growth rates, subpleural localization, inhomogeneous structure, and irregular outlines. The mixed type (far advanced tumors) is characterized by the combination of lobular, spheroidal and microfocal changes. Early recognition of definite types of bronchioloalveolar cancer ensures timely surgical treatment and prevents disease progression to disseminated bilateral lesions.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1989

Synaptic ultrastructure of functionally and morphologically characterized neurons of the superficial spinal dorsal horn of cat.

Recordings of neuronal unitary discharges evoked by primary afferent input were made in the superficial part of the spinal cord's dorsal horn, the marginal zone and substantia gelatinosa (also known as laminae I and II), using fine micropipette electrodes filled with HRP. After physiological characterization with respect to primary afferent input, HRP was injected intracellularly iontophoretically into the recorded neuron. Following histochemical processing, the neurons so delineated were studied at the light and electron microscopic levels. No clear relationship between function and either general cellular configuration or synaptic ultrastructure appeared in these analyses, although the concentration of dendritic distribution could be related to the nature of primary afferent excitation. Nocireceptive cells had dendrites mostly branching and ending in lamina I and IIo, while the dendrites of innocuous mechanoreceptive cells arborized principally in lamina II and III. Glomerular synaptic complexes (large, complex arrays of axonic and dendritic profiles with synaptic interconnections) were found to contact a few neurons of both the nocireceptive and mechanoreceptive classes. All neurons received large numbers of simple axonic contacts (small axonic boutons with only 1 or 2 synaptic contacts with a single postsynaptic profile). A degree of specificity in the presynaptic articulations appeared to be reflected by the observations that (1) nocireceptive neurons were never found to receive synaptic contacts from boutons which resembled the known ultrastructure of peripheral innocuous mechanoreceptors, and (2) mechanoreceptive neurons were never seen to receive synaptic contacts from boutons which resembled the known ultrastructure of primary afferent nocireceptors. The axons of the labeled neurons of both nocireceptive and mechanoreceptive classes terminated in simple axonic synapses. All classes of neurons participated in dendrodendritic contacts; however, only some mechanoreceptive neurons had dendrites containing vesicles that were presynaptic to other profiles. No nocireceptive neurons, regardless of gross configuration, were found to have vesicles in their dendrites, but 3 nocireceptive neurons received synapses from presynaptic dendritic profiles.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1988

Morphological characterization of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and the effects of atriopeptin II and sodium nitroprusside on cellular and extracellular accumulation of cyclic GMP.

Primary, first and second passaged endothelial cells from bovine aorta were grown in plastic culture dishes or on glass coverslips. The cells were characterized by their monolayer cobblestone appearance at confluence, their immunofluorescent staining for factor VIII-related antigen, their specific uptake of low density lipoprotein and by their ultrastructure. Following stimulation of the cells by atriopeptin II or sodium nitroprusside, both cellular and extracellular cyclic GMP levels were measured. Cellular cyclic GMP content was increased greatly by atriopeptin II in a time-dependent manner while sodium nitroprusside was essentially without effect. Increases in tissue cyclic GMP levels were associated with a time-dependent accumulation of the nucleotide in the extracellular compartment. Zaprinast, a specific inhibitor of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases, did not significantly affect either basal or atriopeptin II-stimulated increases in cyclic GMP content, nor extracellular accumulation of the nucleotide. It is concluded that the cyclic GMP content of endothelial cells is not solely dependent on degradation by phosphodiesterases but also involves release of cyclic GMP into the extracellular compartment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Aplysia synaptosomes. I. Preparation and biochemical and morphological characterization of subcellular membrane fractions.

We prepared and characterized subcellular membrane fractions from the CNS of Aplysia californica that are enriched in isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Ganglia were homogenized in 1.1 M sucrose and fractionated on a 2-step sucrose gradient, yielding 50 micrograms protein/animal in the synaptosomal fraction (P3), which was enriched 3-fold in plasma membrane as compared with the initial homogenate. Quantitative morphometry of electron micrographs revealed that P3 contained 25% intact synaptosomes, a 5-fold enrichment over the homogenate. Although fractionation on a 5-step sucrose gradient reduced the yield of protein in the synaptosomal fraction to 40 micrograms/animal, this fraction (the 0.35 M/0.75 M interface) was more enriched in plasma membrane than P3 and was less contaminated by lysosomes and free mitochondria. By electron microscopy, the 0.35 M/0.75 M interface contained up to 50% synaptosomes. Synaptosomal fractions contained cAMP-, Ca2+/calmodulin-, and Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activities and were enriched in a Mr 40,000 pertussis toxin substrate, Gi/o. In the accompanying paper, we show that these synaptosomes retain the ability to release transmitters.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Biochemical and morphological characterization of basophilic leukocytes from two patients with myelogenous leukemia.

Basophilic leukocytes from two patients with myelogenous leukemia were enriched to a purity of 10 to 45% by density gradient centrifugation. Ultrastructurally, these basophilic leukocytes contained segmented nuclei and granules with reticular patterns resembling those of normal basophils, and other granules with scroll and grating patterns resembling those of normal connective tissue mast cells. The 35S-labeled macromolecules isolated from these cells were approximately 140,000 m.w. Pronase-resistant proteoglycans bearing approximately 15,000 m.w. glycosaminoglycans. On incubation with chondroitinase ABC, nitrous acid, and heparinase, the 35S-labeled proteoglycans were degraded 50 to 84%, 16 to 43%, and 8 to 37%, respectively, indicating the presence of both chondroitin sulfate and heparin. As assessed by high performance liquid chromatography, the 35S-labeled chondroitin sulfate disaccharides liberated by chondroitinase ABC treatment were approximately 95% monosulfated chondroitin sulfate A and approximately 5% disulfated chondroitin sulfate E. The presence of heparin was confirmed by two-dimensional cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycans. Cell preparations, enriched to 75% basophilic leukocytes by sorting for IgE+ cells, also synthesized 35S-labeled proteoglycans containing chondroitin sulfate and heparin. In one experiment, treatment of the cells with 1 microM calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a 12% net release of both chondroitin sulfate and heparin containing 35S-labeled proteoglycans, a 57% net release of histamine, and the de novo generation of 8, 8, and 0.16 ng of immunoreactive equivalents of prostaglandin D2, leukotriene C4, and leukotriene B4, respectively, per 10(6) cells. Because only mast cells have been found to contain Pronase-resistant heparin proteoglycans, to generate PGD2 on cell activation, and to contain granules with scroll and grating patterns, these findings indicate that in some patients with myelogenous leukemia there are basophilic cells that possess properties of tissue mast cells.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1987

Establishment and morphologic characterization of a cell line (DMBA-OC-1) from 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat ovarian carcinoma.

A new cell line (DMBA-OC-1) from 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) which induced ovarian carcinoma in rat was established and characterized. DMBA-OC-1 cells showed a paving-stone-like growth pattern at around the 10th to 20th passage, but at the point exceeding the 40th passage the cells showed a spindle form, having strong trends both towards flocculation and piling-up. Furthermore, diastase-resistant PAS-positive and hyaluronidase-digested Alcian blue positive substances were observed in cytoplasms. The cells also showed marked phagocytic activity. These findings suggest that DMBA-OC-1 cells are most likely the site of mesothelial cell origin.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1986

[Distribution and morphological characterization of chemical substances in environment. 1. Simplified analytical methods and distribution of environmental pollutants in Kitakyushu City].

This paper describes an analytical method for determining polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitroarene as well as the distribution of chemical substances in airborne particulates, soils and sediments. Our paper consists of the following chapters. Introduction Separation and determination of PAHs Purification and determination of PAHs in airborne particulates. Mutagenicity of airborne particulates. Monitoring of air pollutants in Kitakyushu city. Analysis of 1-nitropyrene. Analysis and determination of PAHs in soils and sediments.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1986

[Distribution and morphological characterization of chemical substances in environment. 2. Analysis of trace organic compounds in the aquatic environment].

In section 2, the presence and occurrence of organic compounds in the aquatic environment were investigated by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Following chapters are included in this section. Introduction Detection and identification of trace organic compounds in tap water. Determination of trace aliphatic amines in water by GC/MS. Determination of trace aliphatic amines in water by HPLC. Fractionation of pollutants by HPLC.

Amines↗
PubMed1978

Morphological characterization of Kupffer and endothelial cells of rat liver isolated by counterflow elutriation.

Kupffer and endothelial cells of rat liver were purified by recirculating collagenase perfusion, metrizamide gradient, and counterflow elutriation. Every step of the isolation procedure was followed by light microscopy and histochemistry. The final fractions of purified sinusoidal cells were examined in their isolated state by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The scope of this manuscript is the detailed documentation and discussion of all technical aspects and problems of a rather new isolation technique, as well as the detailed description of the purified sinusoidal cells of the liver by scanning electron microscopy. Broader acceptance of this isolation procedure should lead to the specific characterization of biochemical and immunological functions of these cells and elucidate their pathophysiological significance.

Animals↗