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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Causes of mortality of albatross chicks at Midway Atoll.

As part of an investigation of the effect of plastic ingestion on seabirds in Hawaii, we necropsied the carcasses of 137 Laysan albatross (Diomedea immutabilis) chicks from Midway Atoll in the Pacific Ocean during the summer of 1987. Selected tissues were collected for microbiological, parasitological, toxicological or histopathological examinations. Dehydration was the most common cause of death. Lead poisoning, trauma, emaciation (starvation) and trombidiosis were other causes of death; nonfatal nocardiosis and avian pox also were present. There was no evidence that ingested plastic caused mechanical lesions or mortality in 1987, but most of the chicks had considerably less plastic in them than chicks from earlier years. Human activity (lead poisoning and vehicular trauma) caused mortality at Midway Atoll and represented additive mortality for pre-fledgling albatrosses.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Nocardia asteroides mediastinitis complicating coronary artery bypass surgery.

A 63 years diabetic male was admitted with mediatinitis and sternal dehiscence. Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto Type VI was isolated from the mediastinal tissue and fluid during debridement. Prompt surgical intervention and treatment with ofloxacin both intravenously and later orally led to the cure.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of therapy in systemic nocardiosis.

The effect of therapy on the clinical course of pleuropulmonary and systemic Nocardia asteroides disease in 78 reported cases was analyzed. All patients were treated with drugs. In 72 cases sulfonamides alone or in combination with other antibiotics was given; 45 patients underwent surgical procedures. The extent of disease had a bearing on survival as only 3 of 39 patients (7.6%) with isolated pleuropulmonary involvement died. These fatalities occurred among the 16 patients of this group who received immunosuppressive drugs. One of 12 patients (8.3%) with suppurative foci other than brain abscess and pleuropulmonary nocardiosis died, whereas the fatality rate of cases with nocardial brain abscess was 47.8%. Thirty-one patients relapsed or had progression of disease while receiving drugs for nocardiosis, 30 of them within the first three months. Prolonged post-treatment observation is essential in the management of nocardiosis as four patients relapsed after drug therapy was discountinued, three of them between six and eight months. Although there was no significant difference in the survival of patients treated with only drugs when compared to those who also had surgery, no fatalities occurred among those medically treated for six months or longer (p = .0091).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Nocardiasis. Apropos of a case report. Literature review].

We report the observation of a cutaneous, pulmonary and osseous nocardiosis in a 45-year-old man. He was iatrogenously immunocompromised because of a "self-medication" with 32 mg per day of methylprednisolone during 30 months for gouty arthropathies. Under treatment with several antibiotics, a favourable evolution was obtained.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nocardia asteroides brain abscess following mastoidectomy.

Nocardia asteroides brain abscess occurred after mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty in a previously healthy 10-year-old boy. Combined surgical excision and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy resulted in significant improvement.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed2004

Nocardia arthritidis sp. nov., a new pathogen isolated from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan.

Two different bacterial strains with different drug susceptibilities were isolated from the sputum and an inflammatory discharge from a swelling in the left thigh of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Both bacterial strains were provisionally assigned to the genus Nocardia on the basis of their morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and were further studied in order to establish their taxonomic status. One strain (IFM 10034) was identified as Nocardia farcinica on the basis of its physiological characteristics. The other strain, which was designated Nocardia sp. strain IFM 10035(T), revealed a unique pattern of phenotypic properties that distinguished it from other representatives of established Nocardia species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies of Nocardia sp. strain IFM 10035(T) also showed that the bacterium was closely related to the species Nocardia beijingensis. Determination of DNA-DNA relatedness, however, indicated that Nocardia sp. strain IFM 10035(T) could be delineated from N. beijingensis. The genotypic and phenotypic data combined indicated that the bacterium merits description as a new Nocardia species. The name proposed for the new species is Nocardia arthritidis sp. nov., the type strain being IFM 10035(T) (NBRC 100137(T), JCM 12120(T), DSM44731(T)). The present study suggests that Nocardia infections can be caused by multiple species of the bacterium.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

6,6'-Dimycoloyl trehalose from a rapidly growing Mycobacterium: an alternative antigen for tuberculosis serodiagnosis.

Mycobacterial O-acyltrehaloses have been described as highly specific and sensitive reagents for tuberculosis immunodiagnosis. An O-acyltrehalose-containing lipid fraction from the rapidly growing Mycobacterium fortuitum was found to include additional antigens, which presented high cross-reactivity with sera from tuberculosis-infected patients. Based on a combination of selective chemical degradations, thin-layer-chromatography analyses and (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the antigenic by-product was identified as 6,6'-dimycoloyl trehalose, the so-called cord factor. The lipid was purified and tested in ELISA for pulmonary tuberculosis serodiagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were found to be 66.6-74.1% and 95.2-99.0%, respectively, showing a slightly higher efficiency as compared to the ELISA performed using 6,6'-dimycoloyl trehalose from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. No cross-reactivity was found with sera from Nocardia-infected individuals.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of infections due to Nocardia.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was used for treatment of 34 patients with pulmonary or cutaneous nocardiosis. Of nine patients with primary cutaneous disease, eight had rapid resolution of their infection after short-term therapy and none have relapsed after a follow-up of more than six months. The 25 patients with pulmonary nocardiosis had a good clinical response, but three of five (60%) who completed less than three months of therapy relapsed within four weeks. Of the 10 patients who completed four to six months of therapy, only one (10%) relapsed and this relapse was due to drug resistance. By the method of serial dilution in agar, 96% of 59 isolates of Nocardia had MICs of SMZ of less than 25 micrograms/ml. Fewer than 20% were susceptible to 2.5 micrograms of TMP/ml. Synergy between TMP and SMZ was usually present with ratios of TMP to SMZ of 1:5, 1:1, or 5:1, but was less common at a ratio of 1:20. Disk susceptibility testing was easy to perform and readily separated sensitive from resistant strains. TMP-SMZ is highly effective for the treatment of nocardiosis, but the question of whether it is more effective clinically than a sulfonamide alone remains unanswered.

Adult↗