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Adolescent↗

[Joint treatment of patients with clefts by orthodontists and logopedists].

Close cooperation between speech pathologist and orthodontist in management of CLP cases is described. Preoperative treatment aims at maintenance of initially favorable maxillary relations and compensation for imbalance of the oral musculature. Knowledge of growth and speech development is decisive for timing of primary surgery (lip about 6 months, soft palate about 18 months, hard palate 5 to 7 years). Speech assessment starts at age 2-2 1/2, followed by team controls once or twice a year with proper coaching of parents. Actual speech therapy is not stared before age 5. The approach described, with particular consideration of growth and speech problems, has been followed for 5 years. With a view to speech as well as to cephalometric evaluation, temporary results excell those of former years for the same age group. As regards teamwork, assessment of velopharyngeal closure is mentioned since orthodontists may provide speech-pathologists with an additional diagnostic means, i.e. cephalometric headplates, taken during phonation.

Cephalometry↗

Second molar replacement applied to dentofacial orthopedics and orthodontics much more than a technique.

There is seldom a consensus on any dental subject. The literature contains conflicting points of view and results of studies vary considerably. I have endeavored to present my paradigm of second molar replacement in dentofacial orthopedics and orthodontics. I have presented a summation of information known to date regarding this subject. I based this article on my extensive clinical experience and observations over many years. I participate in continuing education, and know many of the traditional and functional post-doctoral educators. I read the literature. For your benefit, I have presented this information and shared a paradigm that has positively changed my life, and perhaps will change the way you practice. Second molar replacement technique has revolutionized orthodontic treatment. The technique offers distinct benefits considering the patient's face, the jaw joints, and the teeth. The reader is strongly encouraged to read bibliography references for a mature understanding of second molar replacement in modern orthodontics and TMD therapy. When extraction of teeth is needed for orthodontic purposes Broadbent considers second molar replacement, second bicuspid removal, first bicuspid removal, lower incisor removal, and then other extraction possibilities to resolve the malocclusion. When extraction guidelines are followed and treatment mechanics are properly designed the extraction of second molars have predicable good results in a high percentage of cases. However, second molar removal may be contraindicated for numerous reasons. Diagnosis and case selection is paramount! The doctor must diagnosis and determine if and when second molar replacement would be in each patient's best interest. The bottom line for each individual patient is the best possible facial esthetics, functional occlusion, and health of jaw joints.

Adolescent↗

[Structure of the dog periodontium during milk and permanent occlusion].

The state of dog parodont during milk and permanent occlusion was studied by morphological methods in 8 animals. It was established that the structure of parodont of milk and permanent teeth has features characteristic for each type of occlusion. One of the important distinctions of parodont structure during milk occlusion is the presence of osteoclasts especially in the sites of root resorption. Close attachment of roots of milk teeth to follicles of permanent teeth should be taken into consideration in orthodontic correction of milk tooth position.

Animals↗