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PubMed1988

[Serotype and susceptibilities to eight antibiotics of fifty strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens and changes in susceptibilities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various antibiotics during a period between 1983 and 1986].

Efficacies of 8 antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the relation to serotypes and clinical sources were investigated on 50 strains isolated from patients at Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital between August and September, 1986. Disk sensitivity test was carried out simultaneously for 5 antibiotics including piperacillin (PIPC), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefsulodin (CFS), ceftazidime (CAZ) and amikacin (AMK), using the single-disk method. We also examined changes in susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa to 5 antibiotics including PIPC, CFS, fosfomycin, gentamicin (GM) and AMK during last 4 years (1983-1986). The results are summarized as follows. 1. CAZ and AMK proved to have high antibacterial potencies, and their MIC80's (concentrations to inhibit growth of 80% of objective bacteria) were both 6.25 micrograms/ml. Following these two the order of potencies were; CFS, cefpiramide (CPM), PIPC, CPZ, netilmicin (NTL), and cefmenoxime (CMX). Sixty two percent of the strains of P. aeruginosa showed high resistances (MIC greater than 50 micrograms/ml) to CPM, CPZ, NTL and CFS, 58% to PIPC, and 2% to AMK. 2. With regard to serotypes, strains belonging to type E were less susceptible than those belonging to types G and I. Type E strains showed high resistance to all antibiotics except CAZ and AMK. 3. Strains obtained from pura and secreta were relatively susceptible, while those from urines were resistant, to these antibiotics tested, in general. 4. Good correlation between MIC's obtained with the agar dilution method (MIC less than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml) and these with the disk sensitivity test (greater than ¿ was observed. chi 2 statistical analysis showed that the results obtained with the 2 methods were closely related (P less than 0.01). 5. P. aeruginosa showed fairly high susceptibility to AMK through the recent 4 years (1983-1986). On the other hand, highly resistant strains against CFS, PIPC, FOM and GM increased rapidly during this period.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Nosocomial spread of gentamicin-tobramycin resistance in hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp. origin, development and transfer of R plasmids from pseudomonas to enterobacter.

In the Medical Centre of the University of Bratislava the period between 1975 and 1976 was studied with regard to a rather limited use of Gentamicin (GEN) which was then followed by a period of excessive administration thereof due to a change in the availability of the antibiotic. As a consequence, GEN-resistant (GENR) Pseudomonas appeared in two medical wards, which resistance however, was non-transmissible. A few month later, however, transfer of GENR was demonstrated as a co-transfer with other types of resistance. For the first time in 1979 strains of P. aeruginosa transferring GENR directly appeared as rather individual, dispersed strains. Later in 1979, clustered outbreaks of hospital infections caused by GENR Entrobacter sp. transferring GENR appeared as single as well as mixed infections. Interspecies transfer from P. aeruginosa to Enterobacteriaceae, and vice versa, was demonstrated in vitro. Identity or close similarity of enzyme patterns inactivating aminoglycoside antibiotics in P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter suggest that genes for GENR could be transposed from P. aeruginosa under the massive selective pressure of GEN.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[Phage pf16 interrelationships with Pseudomonas putida bacteria. I. Unstable transductants and mutants of Pseudomonas putida PfG1 resistant to phage pf16].

The frequencies of transduction of the chromosomal genes by pf16 in Pseudomonas putida PgG1 are dependent on the marker transduced and unpredictable. Histidine and isoleucine-valine positive transductants, which are resistant to pf16, have been selected in the crosses with low (about 10(-8) for phage units) frequencies of transduction. Some of these transductants carry new mutations. The transductants are unstable for phage resistance and histidine or isoleucine-valine positive characters. There is no correlation between segregations of the auxotrophic and phage sensitive clones. Among 200 tested mutants of P. putida line PpG1, which were obtained by the direct selection for the resistance of pf16, 3 mutants are found to be auxotrophic for histidine and one mutant unstable for the phage resistance character. The culture medium of such histidine negative and phage resistant mutants as much as phage resistant transductants lyse the lawn of the sensitive to pf16 strains, but viable phages are produced only by those unstable for the phage resistance character. These phages are very similar to pf16 for such characters as host range, size and morphology of plaques, latent period, burst size, transducing ability and the degree of inactivation by pf16 antiserum. The pf16 resistance of mutants and transductants is caused by the disturbing of phage adsorption. Possible mechanisms for the lisogenization of P. putida by pf16 are discussed.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1997

Subacute toxicity of a Pseudomonas vaccine prepared from outer membrane fraction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in beagle dogs.

CFC-101, a Pseudomonas vaccine, was administered to beagle dogs by intramuscular injection for 4 weeks (5 days/week) at 0.05, 0.15 and 0.45 mg/kg/d. Clinical signs considered to be related to treatment were restricted to swelling at the injection sites, being apparent 1-2 h after treatment. There was no effect on body weight, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, electrocardiography, hematology, biochemical and urinary parameters. The histopathological examination revealed treatment-related changes at the injection sites at all dosages, particularly in the hindlimbs where both perivascular and intramuscular aggregations of inflammatory cells were seen. Thus, the only treatment-related changes seen in this study were local reactions to the test substance at the injection sites; furthermore these changes seem to represent a pharmacological response to the test material. Because no evidence of any systemic toxicity was observed at any dosage level, it is concluded that dosages of CFC-101 up to and including 0.45 mg/kg/d were well tolerated over a period of 4 weeks in the beagle dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Immunological study of cellular components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IV. Fractionation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucus by diafiltration and biological properties of isolated fractions].

In fractionation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucus (strains No. 8 and 1463) by means of diafiltration on the system of membranes Diaflo XM-300, XM-100A, PM-30, and PM-10 there was obtained a successive series of fractions differing by the molecular weight and chemical composition. According to the results of gel chromatography fractions with the mol wt of 100000 dalton and over apparently represented protein-polysaccharide components of mucus in the form of complexes; fractions with the mol wt of 30000 dalton and lower contained a considerable amount of free protein along with the protein-polysaccharide complex. The fractions obtained differed by biological properties: fractions with the mol wt of 100000 dalton and over were toxic for mice and possessed weak antigenic properties in the precipitation in agar test and immunoelectrophoresis; fractions with the mol wt lower than 30000 dalton expressed in the mentioned test distinct antigenic properties and proved to be practically nontoxic for mice. Thus the use of diafiltration method permitted to separate the antigenic, weakly toxic component of Ps. aeruginosa mucus from the toxic factor with weak antigenic properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Rapid differentiation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from Pseudomonas cepacia.

The Minitek disc system was utilized for the differentiation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, from Ps. cepacia. The system was simple to use, inexpensive, and furnished rapid, clear-cut test results after 4 h. This procedure is suitable for differentiating soil bacteria presumptively identified as Ps. pseudomallei, Ps. cepacia or flavobacteria, and for the rapid confirmation of the presumptive identification of either Ps. pseudomallei or Ps. cepacia obtained by commercial identification-kit systems in the clinical laboratory.

Burkholderia cepacia↗
PubMed1995

Molecular and Physiological Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola Strains That Produce the Phytotoxin Coronatine.

The chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin coronatine is produced by several Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, including glycinea, morsprunorum, atropurpurea, and the closely related tomato and maculicola. To date, all coronatine-producing pv. glycinea, morsprunorum, and atropurpurea strains that have been examined carry the gene cluster that controls toxin production on a large plasmid. In the present study the genomic location of the coronatine gene cluster was determined for coronatine-producing strains of the pv. tomato-maculicola group by subjecting their genomic DNA to pulsed-field electrophoresis and Southern blot analysis with a hybridization probe from the coronatine gene cluster. The cluster was chromosomally borne in 10 of the 22 strains screened. These 10 strains infected both crucifers and tomatoes but could not use sorbitol as a sole source of carbon. The remaining 12 coronatine-producing strains had plasmid-borne toxin gene clusters and used sorbitol as a carbon source. Only one of these strains was pathogenic on both crucifers and tomatoes; the remainder infected just tomatoes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the pv. tomato-maculicola coronatine gene clusters was performed with probes from P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, a tomato and crucifer pathogen. Although the coronatine cluster appeared, in general, to be highly conserved across the pv. tomato-maculicola group, there were significant differences between plasmid-borne and chromosomally borne genes. The extensively studied coronatine cluster of pv. glycinea 4180 closely resembled the plasmid-borne clusters of the pv. tomato-maculicola group.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

Genome sequencing and annotation of two rhizobacteria with antifungal activity: Pseudomonas tolaasii strain A46 and Pseudomonas palleroriana P61.

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of P. tolaasii A46 and P. palleroriana P61, two rhizobacteria previously shown to inhibit Rhizoctonia solani. These genomic resources will support future efforts to elucidate the molecular basis of fungal suppression and to assess the biocontrol potential of these Pseudomonas strains.

antagonistic rhizobacteria↗