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PubMed1988

Helix-coil melting in rigor and activated cross-bridges of skeletal muscle.

The studies described in this paper focus on the structural stability of the S-2 segment of the myosin cross-bridge in rigor, relaxed and activated muscle. Enzyme-probe observations of myofibrils of rabbit psoas muscle in rigor reveal that the alpha-helical LMM/HMM hinge domain of S-2 undergoes substantial local melting near physiological temperatures when the S-2 portion of the cross-bridge is detached from the thick filament surface. This process is strongly suppressed under ionic conditions where the cross-bridge is bound to the filament backbone. Activation of glycerinated fiber bundles results in a dramatic increase (approximately 100 fold compared to rigor and relaxed fibers) in the rate of chymotryptic cleavage in the hinge domain consistent with an increase in local melting at several sites encompassing this region. Comparative plots of the apparent rate-constant for cleavage within the S-2 hinge and the isometric force generated by active fibers versus [MgATP] give similar profiles suggesting a close coupling between this conformational transition and contractile force. This interpretation appears to be in accord with recent laser T-jump experiments of rigor ("bridges up") and activated psoas muscle fibers which also suggest coupling between melting in S-2 and force generation.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1989

Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site (ACUPS) presenting as a psoas abscess.

The presentation of a psoas abscess is commonly seen in conjunction with infection, especially tuberculous. Involvement of the psoas muscles with tumour, however, is extremely rare. We present a case in which adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site infiltrated the psoas muscle, thus mimicking a psoas abscess. A review of this unusual tumour type is discussed.

Abscess↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the lumbar spine in patients with glycogen storage disease: CT demonstration of patterns of paraspinal muscle atrophy.

CT studies of the lumbar spine were performed in 19 patients with glycogen storage disease. Nine of 10 patients with McArdle's disease and seven of nine patients with acid maltase deficiency demonstrated posterior paraspinal muscle atrophy out of proportion to their ages. In addition, the psoas muscles were spared in all 10 patients with McArdle's disease and were involved with atrophy in seven of the nine patients with acid maltase deficiency. We conclude that when patients with low back pain-or asymptomatic patients-demonstrate otherwise unexplained atrophy of the paraspinal muscles the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease should be considered. Furthermore, when the psoas muscles are spared, the specific diagnosis of McArdle's disease is suggested.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1991

[A case of psoas abscess due to renal pelvic carcinoma complicated with non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma].

A 85-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of semicomatous status. Laboratory data on admission showed elevation of blood sugar (823 mg/dl) and serum osmotic pressure (345 mOsm/l), but ketonuria was not detected. Non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma was diagnosed. The insulin infusion and physiological saline improved the blood sugar level and consciousness within a day. The abdominal ultrasound examination revealed an abscess in the left kidney and right psoas muscle. The same findings were seen by abdominal computed tomography but the possibility of malignant neoplasm of the left kidney could not be ruled out because of a swelling of the left adrenal gland. Pain associated with psoas abscess and low grade fever were observed. Because of his poor general condition, drainage of the abscess was not performed and conservative therapy using antibiotics was administered. Without any improvement of the abscess, he died due to general deterioration four months later. Autopsy findings showed carcinoma of the left renal pelvis and metastasis to the right psoas muscle, left adrenal gland, liver, bilateral lungs and lymph modes. Psoas abscess is a relatively uncommon disease, especially in elderly patients. The etiology of the disease is divided into primary and secondary causes. Most secondary psoas abscess cases are caused by intestinal diseases, and Crohn's disease has been related to the highest incidence. A few cases of psoas abscess caused by colorectal carcinoma have been reported. Ultrasound and computed tomography are useful in diagnosing this disease and drainage of an abscess is necessary for therapy and proving the cause. Cancer metastasis should considered in differential diagnoses, when psoas abscess is seen in elderly patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Phenol block for hip flexor muscle spasticity under ultrasonic monitoring.

Hip flexor spasticity, which is often associated with central nervous system (CNS) diseases, is a major impediment in rehabilitation. In order to cope with this problem, lumbar nerve blocking techniques developed by Meelhuysen and major and minor psoas muscle blocking techniques developed by Awad have been used in combination with physical therapies. Based on these techniques, we conducted major and minor psoas muscle phenol block (motor point block or intramuscular nerve block) under ultrasonic monitoring. Phenol block was conducted in nine patients with cerebral infarction (13 blocking procedures) and three with spinal cord injuries (six blocking procedures) while keeping them in a lateral position with the operation side upside. The beginning of the femoral nerves and part of the lumbar artery were visualized by ultrasound in some patients. As a result of the improvement of hip flexor spasticity, the range of hip joint motion (determined by the Mundale technique, prone hip extension and Thomas test) improved shortly after blocking. When physical therapy was conducted after blocking, improvement of skin care management was observed in eight cases, ability to keep in a stable sitting position in nine, improvement of a standing posture in three, increases in the ability to walk in two and alleviation of pain in three. Although nerve block is reported to result in hematoma, decreases in muscle force, pain, cystic/rectal disorders and hypogonadism, we have observed no such complication in our patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Chemically skinned mammalian skeletal muscle. I. The structure of skinned rabbit psoas.

We studied the morphology of rabbit psoas muscle fixed at increasing intervals of time in a chemical skinning solution (Wood et al., 1975), or after skinning and storage for times up to 1 week. The storage solution, in which the chemically skinned muscled fibers were kept at -20 degrees C, had the same ionic composition as the skinning solution but was made with 50% (v/v) glycerol. Progressive structural changes occurred in fibers exposed to skinning solution. The structural changes were essentially complete after 24-48 hr in skinning solution and no further changes were detected in fibers stored for periods up to 1 week. Structural changes were: (i) holes or gaps in the plasma membrane; (ii) swelling of mitochondria and disorganization of their internal structure; (iii) slight swelling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum; (iv) disappearance of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) feet from triadic gaps. Other changes included loss of glycogen between fibrils and extraction of myoplasm, or the change of its staining properties. All architectural elements of the SR, except "feet", remained during skinning and storage, and the SR remained able to accumulate calcium. The morphology of the myofilaments during chemical skinning and during storage did not differ from control fibers. We conclude that chemical skinning alters the gross structure of the plasma membrane and mitochondria, but produces minimal changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and contractile proteins.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Myokinase and contractile function of glycerinated muscle fibers.

Glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers containing native CPK, ATPase, and myokinase activities were used and isometric contraction and relaxation responses to either ADP or ATP + CP or to ATP alone in the presence and absence of P1, P5-di(adenosine-5'-pentaphosphate), a myokinase inhibitor, were compared. In previous (14) work it was shown that CP generated more efficient and faster contraction and relaxation of glycerinated muscle fibers than ATP. The present work deals with the role of myokinase in the differential response of fibers to CP and ATP. Inhibition of the myokinase activity of these fibers caused slight diminution of the rate of contraction at physiological concentrations of ATP. Uninhibited fibers were not able to reach maximum contraction, because the tension began to drop gradually even in the presence of Ca2+. Addition of Ap5A permitted maximum contraction and the ability to stay at the contracted state. In the case of CP + adenosine nucleotides (ATP or ADP), myokinase activity decreased the rate of tension development which was statistically significant after 5-7 sec of contraction. Thus, a higher tension was obtainable when myokinase was inhibited. At high concentration of adenine nucleotides (greater than 2 mM) and in the absence of Ap5A, not only the maximum tension never was reached, but a spontaneous drop in tension was observed before addition of EGTA, as was seen with ATP alone. Relaxation was faster and more complete in the presence of uninhibited myokinase activity except that the ADP was low (125 mM). These observations provide further evidence for a close functional interaction of these three enzymes in the mechanism of contraction and relaxation, giving further support to the notion of the creatine-phosphocreatine energy shuttle.

Adenine Nucleotides↗

PubMed2004

Effects of jump training on procollagen alpha(1)(i) mRNA expression and its relationship with muscle collagen concentration.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a prolonged high-intensity exercise, jumping, on procollagen alpha(1)(I) mRNA level and collagen concentration in different muscles of trained (T) and control (C) rabbits. Procollagen alpha(1)(I) mRNA expression was much higher (2.8 to 23.5 times) in semimembranosus proprius (SMP), a slow-twitch oxidative muscle, than in extensor digitorum longus (EDL), rectus femoris (RF), and psoas major (Psoas) muscles, both fast-twitch mixed and glycolytic, whatever group was considered (p < 0.001). Procollagen alpha(1)(I) mRNA level also decreased significantly between 50 and 140 days in all muscles (0.001< p < 0.01). However, mRNA levels were 16 to 97% greater at 140 days in all muscles of T animals compared to C ones (0.01< p <0.05). Collagen concentrations of EDL and RF muscles were also higher (14 to 19%) in T than in C rabbits at 90 and 140 days (0.001 < p < 0.05). In the whole sample, collagen concentration was negatively associated with the procollagen alpha(1)(I) mRNA level in EDL and RF muscles (- 0.49 < r < (- 0.44, p < 0.05), while being positively related to mRNA expression in SMP and Psoas muscles (0.65 < r < 0.85, p < 0.01). It is concluded that jump training clearly restricts the decrease of procollagen (I) mRNA level and probably affects collagen synthesis level. In trained rabbit muscles, the maintenance of a better synthesis level could partly explain the higher collagen concentrations found in EDL and RF at 140 days. Nevertheless, the collagen degradation process seems to play the main role in the increase of total collagen concentration with age in EDL and RF muscles.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1996

[Damage to the lumbosacral plexus in psoas hitch operation].

The psoas hitch operation is used for the management of ureteral disease requiring replacement of varying lengths of the ureter. During this procedure the bladder is fixed to the psoas by 2 or 3 hitches of nonresorbable suture. Astonishingly, peripheral nerve injury to the lumbosacral plexus has not yet been described as a complication even though it has been seen when the psoas muscle was hitched unintentionally during abdominal surgery. Within 14 days we saw 2 patients with damage to parts of the lumbosacral plexus following a psoas hitch. In one case, hypesthesia and exercise-related pain in the areas supplied by the genitofemoral, the ilioinguinal and femoral nerve persisted, suggesting inclusion of at least parts of those nerves in the hitch. Initial paresis of hip flexion did not persist and the second patient recovered without sequelae. According to the literature this kind of complication does not occur if visible nerves are avoided and stitches an used that are no deeper than 3 mm into the psoas muscle.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

The specific gallium-67 scan uptake pattern in psoas abscesses.

A psoas abscess is a rare clinical entity that presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In this retrospective study, we reviewed gallium-67 scan findings in cases of psoas abscess to determine the specific uptake pattern and the usefulness of 67Ga scans in diagnosis and management. Fifteen psoas abscess lesions in 13 patients who had undergone a 67Ga scan during an 8-year period were found in the hospital computer. All but two of the patients had been diagnosed as having fever of unknown origin, urinary tract infection or another irrelevant disease prior to the 67Ga scan. Of the 15 psoas abscess lesions, 12 (80%) could be clearly diagnosed on the basis of the specific 67Ga uptake pattern, in which: (1) the oblique direction of the 67Ga-avid lesion correlates with the orientation of the psoas muscle from the lumbar region to the hip joint region; (2) the lesion does not cross the abdominal midline; (3) the lesion goes through the inguinal region; and (4) the lesion involves at least two-thirds of the whole length of the psoas muscle. The specific features may help in the differentiation of psoas abscess from other intra-abdominal lesions or normal bowel distribution, especially with single-photon emission tomographic images. In 7 of 13 patients (53.8%) the 67Ga scan findings contributed to the clinical management of the patients by first detecting the focus of the infection. Multiple concomitant 67Ga-avid lesions were found in ten patients. In conclusion, the specific features as well as the whole-body survey with 67Ga scan are useful and important in the diagnosis of psoas abscesses and the detection of unexpected concomitant multiple infectious foci in clinically suspicious infectious disease patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Time-resolved rotational dynamics of phosphorescent-labeled myosin heads in contracting muscle fibers.

We have measured the microsecond rotational motions of myosin heads in contracting rabbit psoas muscle fibers by detecting the transient phosphorescence anisotropy of eosin-5-maleimide attached specifically to the myosin head. Experiments were performed on small bundles (10-20 fibers) of glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers at 4 degrees C. The isometric tension and physiological ATPase activity of activated fibers were unaffected by labeling 60-80% of the heads. Following excitation of the probes by a 10-ns laser pulse polarized parallel to the fiber axis, the time-resolved emission anisotropy of muscle fibers in rigor (no ATP) showed no decay from 1 microsecond to 1 ms (r infinity = 0.095), indicating that all heads are rigidly attached to actin on this time scale. In relaxation (5 mM MgATP but no Ca2+), the anisotropy decayed substantially over the microsecond time range, from an initial anisotropy (r0) of 0.066 to a final anisotropy (r infinity) of 0.034, indicating large-amplitude rotational motions with correlation times of about 10 and 150 microseconds and an overall angular range of 40-50 degrees. In isometric contraction (MgATP plus saturating Ca2+), the amplitude of the anisotropy decay (and thus the amplitude of the microsecond motion) is slightly less than in relaxation, and the rotational correlation times are about twice as long, indicating slower motions than those observed in relaxation. While the residual anisotropy (at 1 ms) in contraction is much closer to that in relaxation than in rigor, the initial anisotropy (at 1 microsecond) is approximately equidistant between those of rigor and relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Streptococcal pyomyositis of the psoas: case reports and review.

We present two unusual cases of pyomyositis of the psoas muscle caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) in children presenting with fever, emesis and leg pain. Pyomyositis secondary to GABHS is rare in children and cases involving the psoas muscle have not been previously reported. In our discussion, we review the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment of GABHS psoas myositis in comparison with staphylococcal pyomyositis. Prompt recognition of the signs and symptoms of GABHS psoas pyomyositis is essential for treatment of this life-threatening infection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2003

Concomitant spine infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and pyogenic bacteria: case report.

STUDY DESIGN: A case report of an extremely rare condition describing lumbar spine tuberculosis associated with concurrent pyogenic infection is presented. OBJECTIVE: To establish that isolation of pyogenic bacteria from an infected spine does not exclude the possibility of spine tuberculosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: During a MEDLINE data search from January 1960 through October 2001, no cases of combined spine tuberculosis and pyogenic infection were found. METHODS: A 52-year-old man reported left-side gluteal swelling, backache, and fever of 20 days duration. A similar swelling in the same location had occurred 12 years previously, and an operation was performed at that time. Preoperative syringe-aspirated material from a gluteal abscess was sent for ordinary bacteriologic culture (for only aerobic pyogenic bacteria). During the operation, a needle-aspirated specimen of evacuated pus was subjected to direct microscopy and culture. Direct Gram stain for pyogenic bacteria and direct Ziehl-Neelsen stain for mycobacteria were performed. Cultures for aerobes, anaerobes, mycobacteria, and fungi were made. RESULTS: The preoperative specimen culture showed growth of Nocardia asteroids and Moraxella catarrhalis, whereas the operative specimen showed Gram-positive cocci and acid-fast bacilli on direct smears. The operative cultures yielded growth of Nocardia asteroids, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Plain lumbar spine radiograph showed psoas muscle calcification. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded from this case that recovery of pyogenic bacteria from an infected spine does not exclude spine tuberculosis. It is recommended, therefore, that mycobacterial investigations be performed for cases that have evidence of tuberculosis, even when pyogenic microorganisms already have been isolated. The clues that raise suspicion of tuberculosis in patients with pyogenic spine infection include chronic infection that does not respond to ordinary antibiotics, isolated pyogenic bacteria of low virulence, psoas muscle calcification, and immunosuppression.

Buttocks↗

PubMed1997

Skeletal muscle force and actomyosin ATPase activity reduced by nitric oxide donor.

Nitric oxide (NO) may exert direct effects on actin-myosin cross-bridge cycling by modulating critical thiols on the myosin head. In the present study, the effects of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 100 microM to 10 mM) on mechanical properties and actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity of single permeabilized muscle fibers from the rabbit psoas muscle were determined. The effects of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM; 5-250 microM), a thiol-specific alkylating reagent, on mechanical properties of single fibers were also evaluated. Both NEM (>/=25 microM) and SNP (>/=1 mM) significantly inhibited isometric force and actomyosin ATPase activity. The unloaded shortening velocity of SNP-treated single fibers was decreased, but to a lesser extent, suggesting that SNP effects on isometric force and actomyosin ATPase were largely due to decreased cross-bridge recruitment. The calcium sensitivity of SNP-treated single fibers was also decreased. The effects of SNP, but not NEM, on force and actomyosin ATPase activity were reversed by treatment with 10 mM DL-dithiothreitol, a thiol-reducing agent. We conclude that the NO donor SNP inhibits contractile function caused by reversible oxidation of contractile protein thiols.

Alkylating Agents↗

PubMed1996

Spontaneous iliopsoas hematoma in patients with unstable coronary syndromes receiving intravenous heparin in therapeutic doses.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between the use of anticoagulants, specifically heparin, and the development of iliacus and psoas muscle hematoma. Three patients with unstable angina who developed groin pain while on heparin anticoagulation are presented. Patients who are anticoagulated with heparin are at increased risk of developing iliacus or psoas hematoma, manifesting a wide range of symptoms from groin pain to massive bleeding and shock. Identification of these patients is crucial in cardiology practice. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE searches under "iliacus', "psoas' and "iliopsoas hematoma' were conducted and cross-referenced with patients on anticoagulant therapy. Only English language articles were included. STUDY SELECTION: The search covered January 1966 to February 1995. Fifty-one articles were studied. DATA SYNTHESIS: The current literature suggests that anticoagulation can cause iliacus or psoas muscle hematoma and usually presents as femoral neuropathy. However, the presented case reports provide evidence that an earlier manifestation of this entity is the development of groin pain, and that early identification is crucial to improving patient morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are on heparin anticoagulation should be carefully monitored for development of groin pain or leg weakness. In such cases, early recognition of possible iliacus or psoas hematoma should be by abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography, and heparin anticoagulation should be modified according to its clinical requirement.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Quantitative analyses of myosin heavy-chain mRNA and protein isoforms in single fibers reveal a pronounced fiber heterogeneity in normal rabbit muscles.

A highly sensitive method of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was established to study myosin heavy-chain (MHC) mRNA isoform expression in single fibers of rabbit limb muscles. In combination with myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase histochemistry and electrophoretic separation of MHC protein isoforms in fragments of the same fibers, the direct RT-PCR method identified the pMHC20-40 and pMHC24-79 cDNA sequences as being specific to MHCIIb and MHCIId/x isoforms, respectively. In addition, a direct RT-PCR was established for determining relative amounts of MHC mRNA isoforms by using a sequence specific to alpha-skeletal actin as an endogenous reference. Analyses of large amounts of single fibers revealed an unexpected heterogeneity of the fast fiber population with regard to numerous fibers coexpressing MHCIIb and MHCIId/x. Based on quantitative RT-PCR, the percentages of MHCIIb/MHCIId hybrid fibers amounted to approximately 55% in the deep portion of gastrocnemius, to 43% in the adductor magnus, and to 12% in psoas muscle. Moreover, the two MHC mRNA isoforms were nonuniformly distributed along the fiber length. Qualitative RT-PCR detected even higher amounts of hybrid fibers in the three muscles. The percentages of hybrid fibers identified at the protein level were smaller in adductor magnus muscle (25%) and psoas muscle (5%), but equaled that of the mRNA analysis in gastrocnemius muscle (61%). The detection of high amounts of IIBD and IIDB fibers suggested that hybrid fibers represent functional elements within the fiber spectrum of normal muscles. Our observations on hybrid fibers reveal a heterogeneity within the fiber population of normal muscles that has not been realized to date.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

The chronically stimulated muscle as an energy source for artificial organs. Preliminary results of a basic study in sheep.

In 5 adult sheep the psoas muscle of one side was electrically stimulated through the muscle nerves with an implantable stimulation unit for more than 5 weeks. In the final experiments the isometric tetanic tension of the stimulated muscles was reduced to 50-70% of the contralateral normal muscle. The use of only 15 Hz as a stimulation frequency led to a transformation of the originally fast muscle into a slow muscle with more resistance to fatigue. Future application of the chronically stimulated psoas muscle for driving artificial organs is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Incorporation of the troponin regulatory complex of post-ischemic stunned porcine myocardium reduces myofilament calcium sensitivity in rabbit psoas skeletal muscle fibers.

Decreased calcium sensitivity of tension in post-ischemic myocardium is thought to be a mechanism of depressed function in stunning. The purpose of this study was to determine if the decrease in calcium sensitivity of tension results from ischemia and/or reperfusion-induced alterations in the thin filament regulatory troponin. The experiments utilized an open-chest porcine model of regional LAD myocardial stunning that has previously been shown to cause a decrease in calcium sensitivity of tension in permeabilized myocytes. Stunning was induced by 45 min of low-flow ischemia to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery perfusion bed, which was followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Regional LAD function after reperfusion was 0.5+/-2.8%, as assessed by systolic wall thickening (v 23.9+/-4.1% thickening in control, P<0.001). Core biopsy samples from control circumflex and stunned LAD myocardium were acquired from each heart (n=9) after LAD reperfusion, and were used to obtain purified troponin complexes. Isometric tension-pCa relationships were measured in permeabilized psoas skeletal fibers before and after partial exchange of cardiac troponin from either control circumflex (n=6) or stunned LAD (n=8) myocardium for endogenous skeletal troponin. Calcium sensitivity of tension as assessed by pCa50 (i.e. pCa for half-maximal tension) was unchanged after exchange of troponin from control circumflex myocardium (pCa50=5. 98+/-0.02 v 5.96+/-0.06), but there was a significant decrease in calcium sensitivity of tension after exchange of troponin from stunned LAD myocardium (pCa50=5.97+/-0.07 v 5.82+/-0.05, P<0.05). We conclude that the decrease in calcium sensitivity of tension in postischemic stunned myocardium is, in part, due to ischemia and/or reperfusion-induced alterations in the cardiac troponin regulatory complex.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗