SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Psychosocial functioning”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

The Come Back Programme: a rehabilitation programme for patients with brain injury with psychosocial problems despite previous rehabilitation.

In 1994 the Come Back Programme (CBP) started in the rehabilitation centre, Groot Klimmendaal, in Arnhem, The Netherlands. The CBP is a rehabilitation programme for (young) adults with brain injury (BI) having problems with their psychosocial functioning despite having undergone a rehabilitation programme previously. The main goal of the CBP is to regain maximal independence in psychosocial functioning. The objectives of the study were to assess problems experienced after BI, despite having undergone a rehabilitation programme previously, and whether the CBP can improve psychosocial functioning. The study was retrospective, through investigating medical records and via a structured questionnaire sent to patients who participated in the CBP between 1994 and 1998 (n = 25). Follow-up was at least 1 year after the CBP. There was an 80% response (n = 20). The mean age at BI was 22 years. The patients had severe BI (mean duration of coma 4.7 weeks) and 17 had traumatic BI. Prior to the CBP negative consequences were seen on independence of living, employability, relationships and contact with friends. No or little effect was seen on contact with family and leisure activities. After the CBP, positive effects were found on employability and independence of living but not on premorbid levels. The effect on the other aspects were absent or not clear. Most patients wanted support at follow-up. The authors concluded that the CBP had a positive effect on independence of living and employability. A 'second' rehabilitation programme can be useful if psychosocial problems are present. Long-lasting support and structural control seem necessary and are recommended.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1987

Clinical, functional, and psychosocial characteristics of an incontinent nursing home population.

Although urinary incontinence is recognized as a prevalent, disruptive, and costly problem among nursing home residents, the factors associated with this condition have not been carefully studied. We compared clinical, functional, and psychosocial characteristics of 50 incontinent and 50 continent nursing home residents. In spite of a selection bias due to the informed consent process that resulted in the exclusion of many of the most functionally impaired incontinent residents, the incontinent study participants had significantly greater impairments in functional abilities related to toileting and, on average, took longer to perform a timed series of toileting-related tasks than did the continent comparison group. With the exception of bacteriuria, we did not find incontinence to be associated with most of the major clinical conditions and medications we examined, nor did we find differences in morale and most measures of social activities between the incontinent and continent residents. The data highlight the strong association between functional disability and incontinence in the nursing home setting and suggest that a standard functional assessment of toileting skills could make an important contribution to the care of incontinent residents.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropsychological function and psychosocial status of alcohol rehabilitation program residents.

This investigation examined the relationship between changes in psychosocial status and changes in neuropsychological function of clients undergoing treatment for substance use. A sample of 74 adults enrolled at a rehabilitation program for substance use were randomly assigned to two groups (one serving as a comparison group for practice effects). Participants were tested three times over 60 days on self-esteem, motivation, depression, and neuropsychological function. Consistent with other studies, participants demonstrated impaired baseline neuropsychological function that improved with alcoholic abstinence; however, changes in motivation and depression were associated with positive changes on few tests of neuropsychological function. The more common predictor of improved motor function test scores was low baseline function. Participants who remained in treatment were more likely to be Black, homeless, report less alcohol consumption, and score lower on a motivational scale than those who left treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Spinal cord injuries. Clinical, functional, and emotional status.

Ninety-eight patients with traumatic spinal cord injury, at a median age of 33.5 years (range, 16-72 years), with nonremarkable distributions of neurologic characteristics were investigated at a median of 2.3 years (range, 0.1-23 years) after injury. Functioning, mood disturbances, and overall quality of life were recorded with established self-assessment instruments. Physical dysfunction levels were moderate, being proportionate to neurologic impairment. Psychosocial functions, mood states, and quality-of-life perceptions did not differ from those of a control population sample. Psychosocial function and mood disturbances varied greatly during the first 4 years after injury, but patients' later recordings expressed predominantly a balanced emotional state and a rewarding social life. Progress in this direction consisted of clearly lessened physical dysfunction 1 year after injury and better psychosocial function and well-being after 2 years, whereas patterns of social activities and contacts became gradually less inhibited during a 4-year period after injury. Analysis of complications in patients' histories that affected function and mood showed severe pain to be the only complication that related to lower quality-of-life scores. Urinary incontinence and infection and autonomous dysreflexia related to inhibited self-care performance; spasticity related to impaired ambulation and feeding skills. Gainful employment was the only demographic factor linked to high quality-of-life scores.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2000

Psychosocial impact of epileptic seizures in a Dutch epilepsy population: a comparative Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory study.

PURPOSE: The psychosocial functioning of epilepsy patients from the Netherlands was investigated and compared with results from other countries. The impact of epilepsy was also studied in two different groups of Dutch epilepsy patients, inpatients and outpatients. METHODS: The Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory (WPSI) was used to study the psychosocial problems of 134 Dutch outpatients and 181 Dutch inpatients. WPSI profiles were compared with those from the former German Democratic Republic (West Germany), Finland, Canada, the United States, Chile, and Japan. RESULTS: For the Dutch epilepsy patients, most of the psychosocial problems were experienced by inpatients; they had serious problems in emotional, interpersonal, and vocational adjustment, adjustment to seizures, and overall psychosocial functioning. Seizure-free outpatients, however, experienced significant problems only in the emotional adjustment area. Comparing the outcomes of various countries, Dutch outpatients and patients from West Germany and Finland experienced the least psychosocial difficulties, whereas epilepsy patients from Chile, Japan, and Canada have serious problems in most areas of psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with epilepsy experience psychosocial problems, although the amount of psychosocial difficulties depends on the seizure frequency and the culture that patients live in.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Children and mothers in war: an outcome study of a psychosocial intervention program.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects on children (age: M = 5.5 years) in war-torn Bosnia and Herzegovina of a psychosocial intervention program consisting of weekly group meetings for mothers for 5 months. An additional aim was to investigate the children's psychosocial functioning and the mental health of their mothers. Internally displaced mother-child dyads were randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving psychosocial support and basic medical care (n = 42) or to a control group receiving medical care only (n = 45). Participants took part in interviews and tests to provide information about war exposure, mental health, psychosocial functioning, intellectual abilities, and physical health. Results showed that although all participants were exposed to severe trauma, their manifestations of distress varied considerably. The intervention program had a positive effect on mothers' mental health, children's weight gain, and several measures of children's psychosocial functioning and mental health, whereas there was no difference between the two groups on other measures. The findings have implications for policy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2003

Alcohol use self report in chronic back pain--relationships to psychosocial factors, function performance, and medication use.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for spinal disability, but there is no data on the relationship between reported alcohol consumption and behaviours in persons who are disabled. PURPOSE: To determine the interaction between reported alcohol consumption, physical performance, and medication use in this group. To determine psychosocial correlates of reported alcohol consumption in this group. METHODS: A retrospective review 147 men and 136 women with more than 3 months disability who underwent a multidisciplinary physical, functional and psychosocial Spine Team Assessment. Questions about alcohol consumption were related to outcome measures. RESULTS: None of the women reported more than 5 drinks/week. Ten men reported more than 12 drinks per week. These performed significantly better on the Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation (PILE) low lift and the Functional Assessment Screening Test (FAST) 5 minute twisting test, and trended towards better performance on all other tests (the PILE high lift, all 4 other FAST components, Sorenson trunk extension test, and bicycle ergometer submaximal stress test). They had less back pain disability (Quebec p = 0.061), but no difference in depression (CESD), pain (visual analog scale) or fear (Tampa). They used fewer Non-steroidal medications, but similar narcotic medications as the others. No significant differences in the SF-36 were noted. CONCLUSIONS: This first assessment of the relationship of alcohol consumption with back pain disability suggests that women with chronic back pain disability seldom report heavy alcohol consumption. Men with back pain disability who consume large amounts of alcohol have less physical disability despite similar pain. Despite potential interactions, heavy drinkers with pain do not use fewer narcotic analgesics than light drinkers.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Stressful life events as predictors of functioning: findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study.

OBJECTIVE: Although much attention has been given to the effects of adverse childhood experiences on the development of personality disorders (PDs), we know far less about how recent life events influence the ongoing course of functioning. We examined the extent to which PD subjects differ in rates of life events and the extent to which life events impact psychosocial functioning. METHOD: A total of 633 subjects were drawn from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS), a multi-site study of four personality disorders--schizotypal (STPD), borderline (BPD), avoidant (AVPD), obsessive-compulsive (OCPD)--and a comparison group of major depressive disorders (MDD) without PD. RESULTS: Borderline personality disorder subjects reported significantly more total negative life events than other PDs or subjects with MDD. Negative events, especially interpersonal events, predicted decreased psychosocial functioning over time. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate higher rates of negative events in subjects with more severe PDs and suggest that negative life events adversely impact multiple areas of psychosocial functioning.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Quality of life in people with severe mental illness. Reliability and validity of the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA).

The Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA) is a short interview, which has received a recent interest in research investigating quality of life in people with mental illness. In the present study, the Swedish version of MANSA is examined with regard to reliability, in terms of internal consistency and construct validity. Ninety-two persons with severe mental illness were interviewed regarding quality of life, social network, psychosocial functioning, psychiatric symptoms, needs for care, empowerment and experiences of stigma. Internal consistency was adequate (alpha = 0.81). Positive correlations were found between MANSA and social network, empowerment and psychosocial functioning, and negative correlations with psychopathology, number of needs for care, perceived devaluation and discrimination, and rejection experiences. Social network, psychosocial functioning and beliefs of devaluation and discrimination altogether explained 67% of the variance in quality of life. The Swedish version of MANSA showed a satisfactory reliability in terms of internal consistency. The construct of validity of the scale was satisfactory insofar as associations with validation measures were of considerable magnitude and in expected directions.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Short stature: a psychosocial burden requiring growth hormone therapy?

BACKGROUND: Changes in the diagnosis of endocrine-based growth disorders and the advent of biosynthetic growth hormone have altered the long-standing policy of treating only those individuals with "classic" growth hormone deficiency. One justification for treating short children is to improve their psychosocial adaptation. The present investigation assessed the positive and negative behavioral adaptation, self-perceptions of domain-specific competencies, and global self-worth of a large, diagnostically heterogeneous sample of children and adolescents referred to pediatric endocrinologists for a growth evaluation. METHODS: All patients seen in a pediatric endocrine clinic (180 boys and 78 girls; 4 to 18 years) with a height at the fifth percentile or lower were included. Parents of all participating children completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Patients 8 years and older completed the Self-Perception Profile and those 11 years and older, in addition, completed the Youth Self Report. Short-stature (SS) subjects were compared with normative and psychiatric samples. RESULTS: The SS boys were described by parents as being significantly less socially competent and showing more behavioral and emotional problems than a normative sample selected for mental health. However, they were significantly more socially competent and showed fewer psychopathologic symptoms than a psychiatric referred sample of comparable age. The SS boys described themselves as less socially active but did not report more behavior disturbance than the normative sample. The SS boys' self-perceptions of domain-specific competencies and global self-worth were comparable to a normative comparison group with the exception that older subjects (13 years or older) described their athletic abilities more positively and their work competence more negatively. The SS girls were, with few exceptions, indistinguishable from the normal comparison groups on both parent- and self-report measures of social competency and behavior disturbance. Younger SS girls (ages 8 to 12 years) described their athletic competence and behavioral conduct more positively than the comparison group on the self-esteem questionnaire. Patient height deficit was unrelated to scores on the three questionnaires. Finally, no statistically significant differences in psychosocial functioning were detected between children with "normal-variant" SS and those with pathologic growth disorders. SS and those with pathologic growth disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Short-stature girls show more adaptive psychosocial functioning than SS boys. In either sex, SS does not appear to be associated with clinically significant psychosocial morbidity. Severity of the height deficit does not correlate with the level of behavioral adaptation. These observations challenge the justification of providing growth hormone therapy for all short children to improve their psychosocial functioning.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

The pain disability questionnaire: relationship to one-year functional and psychosocial rehabilitation outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) is a new functional assessment instrument designed for evaluating chronic disabling musculoskeletal disorders. It is useful for assessing function/disability as affected by pain. This is the first study to assess the predictive validity of the PDQ in its relationship to 1-year post-treatment work- and health-related outcomes in a chronic disabling occupational musculoskeletal disorder (CDOMD) population. DESIGN: A prospective cohort of CDOMD patients (n=150) completed a prescribed functional restoration rehabilitation program, with PDQ and other psychosocial measures evaluated before and immediately after treatment. A structured telephonic interview for objective work- and health-related outcomes took place 1-year following treatment. RESULTS: Lower rates of work retention were associated with more severe pre-treatment PDQ scores. Higher post-treatment PDQ were associated with decreased return-to-work rates, decreased work retention and a greater percentage seeking health care from a new provider. In addition, PDQ scores were also associated with psychosocial measures such as depression and perceived pain intensity, as well as alternative measures of disability. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrated the ability of this simple and psychometrically-sound disability rating scale for systematic functional assessment in predicting treatment outcomes in patients with CDOMD. Results support the further use of the PDQ as a standard treatment outcomes measure in this area of musculoskeletal disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been found to be the 10th leading cause of disability of all medical conditions in the industrialized world, comparatively little is known about psychosocial functioning and quality of life (QOL) in OCD, particularly with regard to their relationship with symptom severity. METHOD: Quality of life and psychosocial function of 197 adults were assessed as part of a larger intake interview for a 5-year prospective study of OCD course. Two self-report measures (the Quality of Life Enjoyment and the Medical Outcomes Survey 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) and 2 clinician-rated measures (the Range of Impaired Functioning Tool and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale), each with established reliability and validity, were administered. Symptom severity was assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). RESULTS: Quality of life was significantly impaired compared with published community norms with large effect sizes found for all domains assessed. The correlations (r) between all QOL measures and the YBOCS total score were significant, ranging from 0.40 to 0.77. Correlations between the YBOCS obsessions subscore and QOL measures were higher than those found between the YBOCS compulsions subscore and QOL. Insight as measured by the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale was significantly correlated with 5 of the 7 measures, although more modestly than the YBOCS correlations (r = 0.22 to 0.37). Subjects with a YBOCS score of 20 or higher had significant decline in QOL compared with those subjects with YBOCS scores lower than 20. Severity of obsessions and depressive symptoms, as well as marital status, were significant predictors of impairment in QOL. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that all aspects of QOL are markedly affected in individuals with OCD and are associated with OCD severity (particularly obsessional severity) and depression severity. Exploratory results suggest that QOL and psychosocial functioning begins to be more significantly affected at YBOCS scores higher than 20. This score might be considered as a threshold criterion for OCD for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1992

Psychosocial outcome six months after heart transplant surgery: a preliminary report.

With improvement in survival of patients treated with heart transplant, evaluation of recovery with respect to psychosocial function has become an important issue. In this study, psychosocial functioning of 44 heart transplant recipients pretransplant was compared to their functioning 6 months posttransplant. Before transplantation, patients experienced considerable psychosocial distress attributable to illness. At 6 months after transplantation, the majority of patients showed significant improvement in emotional, domestic, sexual, social, and vocational functioning. However, 25% of patients showed deterioration in psychosocial adjustment and 11% showed an increase in mood disturbance. Further effort is indicated to improve psychosocial outcome of heart transplantation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2005

A walking program for outpatients in psychiatric rehabilitation: pilot study.

The purposes of this quasi-experimental pilot study were to determine adherence to a 12-week group-based moderate-intensity walking program for sedentary adult outpatients with serious and persistent mental illness and to examine change from baseline to after the walking program in health status (mental and physical health, mood, and psychosocial functioning) and exercise motivation (exercise outcomes expectancies, exercise decisional balance). The 15 volunteers in this study were aged 21 to 65 years and enrolled in psychosocial rehabilitation; they participated in a 12-week walking program meeting three times per week for 1 hr, supplemented with four health information workshops delivered at the beginning of the study. Participants received individual exercise prescriptions determined by preprogram fitness testing and used heart rate monitors during walking sessions. Thirteen participants (87%) completed the study and attended 76% of the walking sessions. Overall, they walked at lower intensity than prescribed, with pulses within target heart rate ranges 35% of the time during Weeks 1 through 4, 26% of the time during Weeks 5 through 8, and 22% of the time during Weeks 9 through 12. However, mood improved (Profile of Mood States, t = -2.51, two-tailed, df = 12, p = .02), as did psychosocial functioning (Multnomah Community Ability Scale, two-tailed, df = 12, t = 2.49, p = .02). The findings indicate a walking group may be feasible for rehabilitation programs. In addition to the known cardiovascular risk-reduction benefits of regular walking, walking may improve mood and psychosocial functioning in adults with serious and persistent mental illness.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Characteristics of "Tojikomori" and "Tojikomerare" among home disabled elderly: daily life of housebound elderly].

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A Japanese word Tojikomori means shutting oneself in a room or house, or generally withdrawing. It has been pointed out that Tojikomori results in a decline in mobility among disabled elderly living at home. As a result of the qualitative study, we have attempted to define two types of Tojikomori. The first type, or the narrowly defined Tojikomori, is the elderly who are housebound-inactive but have a high mobility level. The second type, Tojikomerare (the passive of Tojikomori), is the elderly who are housebound-inactive because of their low mobility. The purpose of this study is to describe characteristics of Tojikomori and Tojikomerare. METHODS: 321 disabled elderly (male: 122, female: 199, mean age 78.8) were interviewed at home by nurses in Wajima City, Japan, in 1998. The subjects were selected from the list of used in a screening survey, the Whole Wajima Elderly Survey. Mobility, life space, activity, physical function, psychosocial factors, caregiver's burden and caregiver's care to elderly were measured. The Tojikomerare subjects were operationally defined as the housebound-inactive elderly who were unable to walk. The Tojikomori were identified as the housebound-inactive elderly who were able to walk 5 yards but were unable to take a bus. RESULTS: Results obtained were as follows: 1. Housebound were not found among elders able to go out bus. There were 16 Tojikomori (10.1%) in subjects who were able to walk 5 yards (n = 153). Among the subjects who were unable to walk (n = 72), 49 people (68.1%) were classified as Tojikomerare. 2. The physical function, autonomy and social network of the Tojikomerare subjects were lowest among subjects unable to walk. They used day care least and received least care from their caregivers. In addition, their caregivers' burdens were modest. 3. Among the elderly who were able to walk 5 yards, autonomy and social network of the Tojikomori ranked lowest, although physical function was not low. CONCLUSION: Tojikomerare had lowest physical and psychosocial function, but they were cared for the least by caregivers. Tojikomori had the lowest psychosocial function among elderly who can walk 5 yards. The results suggest that it is important to evaluate the mobility, life space, and activity of the housebound elderly when providing community-based services.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Behavior and symptom identification scale 32: sensitivity to change over time.

To be useful in assessing treatment efficacy, an outcome measure must be sensitive to changes in ratings of symptoms and psychosocial functioning over time and to differences in change across consumers and be interpretable as to the extent of clinical improvement. Results are presented regarding the sensitivity of the BASIS-32 to changes in ratings of symptoms and psychosocial functioning among 1188 persons with severe and persistent mental illness after receiving a variety of clinical and psychosocial interventions in one behavioral health center over a 3-year period. Utilizing the Reliable Change Index, evidence was found for the sensitivity of the BASIS-32 to detect statistically reliable and clinically significant changes on 2 subscales of psychosocial functioning (relations with others and daily living/role functioning) and on the Depression/Anxiety subscale. For impulsive/addictive behavior and psychosis, and the overall BASIS-32 score, substantially less reliable change could be detected, although statistically significant differences were present.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Relationship between psychological state and level of activity of extrinsic gut innervation in patients with a functional gut disorder.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are known to be associated with alterations in central autonomic activity, and this may manifest as a functional gut disturbance. However, the final expression of motility disturbance is non-specific and non-quantifiable. This study examines the relationship between psychological state and psychosocial functioning with a new direct measure of the level of activity of extrinsic autonomic gut innervation, rectal mucosal Doppler blood flow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty four female patients (mean age 36 years, range 19--45) with constipation for greater than five years and 19 healthy women (mean age 38 years, range 21--60) were studied. They completed the general health questionnaire-28 point scale (GHQ-28; psychosocial functioning) and the Bem sex role inventory (BSRI; an index of women's psychological feelings about their own femininity). On the same day they underwent measurement of rectal mucosal Doppler blood flow, a new validated measure of the activity of gut extrinsic nerve innervation. Measurements were made during the follicular phase and in the fasted state. RESULTS: Women with constipation scored higher on the total GHQ-28 score and the somatisation (p=0.05) and anxiety (p=0.05) subscales of the GHQ-28. There was a negative correlation between mucosal blood flow and GHQ somatisation subscale (r=-0.45, p<0.005), anxiety (r=-0.38, p<0.05), and depression (r=-0.40, p<0.01) scores in women with constipation. Although constipated women scored no higher than controls on the BSRI, there was a significant negative correlation between blood flow and BSRI score (r=-0.49, p<0.005) for constipated women. CONCLUSIONS: General psychosocial function, somatisation, anxiety, depression, and feelings about female role are impaired in women with constipation and associated with altered rectal mucosal blood flow, a measure of extrinsic gut innervation. These findings suggest that psychological factors are likely to influence gut function via autonomic efferent neural pathways.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Stigmatization of social and intimacy loneliness.

82 female and 62 male college students judged the psychosocial functioning and acceptability of hypothetical peers that depicted 2 Levels of Loneliness (Lonely versus Nonlonely) x 2 Domains of Loneliness (Social versus Intimacy). Analysis indicated the students stigmatized both social and intimacy loneliness; they ascribed lower psychosocial functioning to and were less accepting of the lonely than nonlonely peer for both the social and intimacy domains of loneliness. The students, however, displayed greater differentiation in the ascription of psychosocial functioning between the lonely and nonlonely peers for the intimacy than the social domain of loneliness.

Adult↗