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Rapping about speed.

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Amphetamine↗
PubMed1980

Use of a sex rap group in an adolescent medical clinic.

This paper reports on a five-year experience with an open-ended weekly group in an Adolescent Medical Clinical. An interdisciplinary staff leading this group includes a counselor trained in sex education, a nurse, a pediatrician and a psychiatrist. The object of the group is to offer an opportunity to adolescent boys and girls to focus on diverse problems of concern to them in an atmosphere of support and sharing. The initial focus is on sexual issues and leads to family planning, but more importantly, there is a general focus on the constructive organization of their life and on investigation of the growth of personal relationships. This teen group gives staff a medium for understanding clinical problems which concern adolescents, while the adolescents are supported in gaining understanding of themselves. In this process there is a development of trust in the clinic as a whole, with better utilization of the entire Adolescent Program.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Proposal for a semiqualitative evaluation method for AgNORs (rap score)].

Nucleolar Organiser Regions (NORs) can be stained in paraffin embedded specimens by a simple silver technique: the black dots formed, called AgNORs, have usually been counted only by eye with "careful focusing", a time-consuming and subjective method. Therefore we propose a new semiquantitative approach based on three patterns of AgNORs configuration of increasing malignancy as previously described by Crocker et al: 1) AgNORs fully aggregated to form a solitary argyrophil structure (pattern RESTING: -R-); 2) AgNORs lying within nucleolus and nucleoplasm (Pattern ACTIVATED: -A-); 3) Numerous small AgNORs distributed through the nucleoplasm, without nucleolar structures (Pattern PROLIFERATING: -P-). We assigned a numerical value to each pattern: R = 1; A = 2; P = 3. These values are multiplied by the relative rate in 100 cells. Eventually we obtain a score (range 100-300): this method shows significant correlation (r = 0.8363: regression equation) compared to the usual count obtained "by eye", tested on a sample of 150 breast cancer. Further studies are under way to validate this method which may represent a cheap and useful tool in AgNORs evaluation.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Septate gallbladder: a rare cause of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in infancy. A case report].

In this report the Authors describe the case of a 3-years-old boy with a septate gallbladder and chronic abdominal pain: an uncommon clinical condition at this age. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound scan and oral cholecistogram. As congenital gallbladder abnormalities may cause, although rarely, chronic abdominal pain, also in the first years of the life, they must be included in the differential diagnosis.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid assessment procedures (RAP) for lymphatic filariasis.

BACKGROUND: New strategies are emerging for control of filariasis in terms of chemotherapy and vector control. Field application of these tools requires mapping and prioritization of filaria-endemic areas and quantification of the infection/ disease burden. Available procedures are time-consuming, costly and have poor sensitivity. Therefore, rapid assessment procedures need to be developed to assess the disease burden as well as monitor and evaluate control programmes. METHODS: Data collected on different variables from 25 areas in India and elsewhere were used. The relationship between prevalence of human infection and vector infection rate was analysed quantitatively. Due to lack of independent samples, only qualitative analysis was carried out between other epidemiological variables such as infection and disease prevalence in relation to age, gender and manifestation. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between vector infection rate and infection prevalence in humans, suggesting that vector infection can be used as an indicator in the rapid assessment of infection prevalence. Scatter plots showed that community screening may be limited to the age group of 11-30 years for infection prevalence and 20-50 years for disease prevalence. Further, clinical surveys may be limited to only hydrocele prevalence which may be sufficient to predict the total disease. This can also be used as an alternative method by the community itself for delimiting endemic areas. CONCLUSIONS: Vector infection rate may be used as an indicator for rapid assessment of human infection. Alternatively, blood smear examination could be limited to the age group of 11-30 years. For a rapid survey of the diseases, males in the age group of 20-50 years could be examined only for hydrocele.

Adolescent↗