PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “RECTAL NEOPLASMS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

Surgery and radiotherapy--competitors or partners?

The past experience of combined radiotherapy and surgery at Memorial Hospital was reviewed. Preoperative radiotherapy seemed to be of value in certain tumors of the head and neck, in esophageal carcinoma, in deeply invading cancers of the bladder without metastasis lymph nodes. There were no recent data on mammary or gynecologic cancer. The previously reported improvement in advanced cancer of the colon treated with preoperative radiation is now equivocal in our more recent data. Preoperative radiotherapy in sarcoma of bone is used but we have no proof of benefit. The author concludes that the partnership of surgery and radiotherapy needs further study.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Clinical management of advanced gastrointestinal cancer.

Although advanced gastrointestinal cancer is the most commonplace problem encountered by the medical oncologist, this group of diseases has proved exceedingly resistant to past chemotherapy efforts. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), accepted by some as standard treatment, had provided only infrequent, incomplete, and fleeting antitumor effects, which are probably more than counterbalanced by its gastrointestinal, mucocutaneous, and hematologic antihost effects. There is no evidence that any manipulation of route or schedule of administration provides any improvement in the therapeutic ratio of 5-FU. There is no evidence that this drug contributes to patient survival when used at any stage of any type of gastrointestinal carcinoma. The search for alternative single drugs to 5-FU has been disappointing. The nitrosoureas and Mitomycin C produce occasional regressions, but they do not match the meager effectiveness of 5-FU; and they, in addition, present the difficult problem of cumulative bone marrow suppression. Recent trials with combination regimens have given some indication that the long stalemate in chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer may be breaking. Substantial improvements in frequency of tumor regression have been recorded for gastric carcinoma with combinations of 5-FU and BCNU, 5-FU and methyl CCNU, and 5-FU, Mitomycin C, and cytosine arabinoside; for colorectal carcinoma, with the combination of 5-FU, methyl CCNU, and vincristine; and for carcinoid tumors and islet cell carcinomas, with the combination of 5-FU and Streptozotocin. There are also suggestion that such combination chemotherapy with response rates in the 30 to 50% range may produce increased survival when compared to the untreated patient and patients treated with single-drug regimens. While the accomplishments of chemotherapy for the gastrointestinal cancer patient remain less than spectacular there is nevertheless realistic hope that a respectable contribution can now be made to multidisciplinary efforts applied at a stage of disease with minimal tumor burden.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1980

Verrucous carcinoma: a light and electron microscopic, autoradiographic, and immunofluorescence study.

Verrucous carcinomas of the rectum, plantar surface of the foot, and oral cavity were studied by means of light and electron microscopy, and autoradiographic and immunofluorescent techniques. Histologic examination showed that each tumor was composed mainly of mature squamous epithelium, and each had foci of slight cellular atypia. The cells in S-phase consistently were situated near the basal layer. Immunofluorescent examination with antibasement membrane antibody showed areas of marked focal thickening and other areas where basement membrane was absent. Ultrastructural examination showed reduplicated as well as normal basal lamina. Numerous interdigitating microvilli and well developed desmosomes characterized the cells above the basal layer. A proliferative basal zone underlying a thick layer of well differentiated nonproliferating keratinocytes and reduplicated basal lamina were seen in all tumors, regardless of location. These consistent findings constitute evidence that verrucous carcinoma is a morphologic and cytokinetic entity that may occur in multiple anatomic sites.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The natural history of colorectal carcinoma in adolescents.

The symptoms, histology, extent, and course of disease of 24 adolescents with colorectal carcinoma who were admitted to St. Jude Children's Hospital between 1964 and 1980 are presented. Twenty of the patients were referred between October 1974 and June 1980. Most patients presented with vague abdominal complaints. Twenty-one of the 24 patients had poorly differentiated mucin-producing adenocarcinoma. Extensive disease at diagnosis and unresponsiveness to medical management was reflected in the eight-month median survival from diagnosis. Only two of the 24 patients survive free of disease 15 and 130 months from diagnosis. Two other patients survive with disease at four and 24 months.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1982

Interstitial implant with interstitial hyperthermia.

A Phase I Pilot Study combining interstitial or intracavitary irradiation using 192Ir or 137Cs and interstitial hyperthermia in advanced or recurrent tumors is underway at the City of Hope National Medical Center. Hyperthermia is performed using 0.5 megahertz RF (500 kilohertz) radiofrequency localized current fields. In the implanted volume, a temperature of 41 degrees to 45 degrees C is maintained for 30 to 40 minutes. Hyperthermia is performed prior to irradiation in all patients. All patients had either failed previous conventional treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, or had advanced malignant tumors which were not felt to be controllable by conventional means. Sixteen lesions were implanted in 15 patients. Of the 16 lesions, 11/16 (68%) achieved complete response, and three had no response or recurred locally. The six patients (100%) receiving interstitial implant and hyperthermia as the primary therapy achieved complete response. Normal tissue complications were minimal. Range of response was three to 13 months. Interstitial thermoradiotherapy appears to be a safe and promising mode of therapy in advanced or recurrent accessible malignant tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of cancer survival by time period of diagnosis in Hawaii, 1960-1974.

The authors compared the risk of dying from site-specific cancer within five years after diagnosis for Hawaii residents diagnosed in 1960-1964, 1965-1969, and 1970-1974. Twelve cancer sites were analyzed with adjustments for age at diagnosis and ethnicity by a multivariate method. Four of these sites were adjusted for sex as well. The adjusted relative risk for site-specific cancer death was significantly greater than 1.0 (P less than 0.05) when patients diagnosed in 1960-1969 were compared with those diagnosed in 1970-1974 for the following sites: stomach, rectum (males), lung, prostate, leukemia, and lymphoma. The adjusted relative risk was greater than 1.0, but not significantly greater, for the remaining cancer sites: colon, rectum (females), liver, pancreas, breast, corpus uteri, and ovary. These results indicate that, for several cancer sites, the risk of cancer death has significantly declined in Hawaii during 1960-1974. However, specific reasons for this improvement in cancer prognosis were not determinable from the available data.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Hepatic artery ligation for liver metastasis in colorectal carcinoma.

From April 1975 to January 1982, 97 patients with greater than or equal to 50% of the liver involved with metastasis from colorectal carcinoma underwent hepatic artery ligation. The purpose was to evaluate median survival times in relation to performance status, synchronous intraabdominal metastasis, pulmonary metastasis, liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin, and Dukes' staging. Results reveal that for performance status 0 to 1 (normal or symptoms, but ambulatory), median survival time was 12.3 months; status 2 to 3 (in bed less than or greater than 50% of time), 8.3 months; status 4 (100% bedridden), 2.6 months, (P less than 0.01). Median survival time in patients with only intrahepatic metastasis was 10 months versus 7 months for synchronous intraabdominal metastasis (P less than 0.01). For 20 patients with pulmonary metastasis undergoing hepatic artery ligation, the median survival time was 8.8 months (P less than 0.05). The median survival time in patients whose alkaline phosphatase was 2 times normal was 12.4 months, whereas, if alkaline phosphatase was 2 times to 4 times or greater than 4 times normal, median survival times were 7.1 and 6.9 months, respectively (P less than 0.01). Factors that adversely affect survival for hepatic artery ligation are extrahepatic metastasis, poor performance status, and elevated liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase 2 times normal). The overall median survival time in this study is 9.5 months with certain subgroups achieving 12.4 months' survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Argyrophilic prostatic carcinoma. Case report with literature review on prostatic carcinoid and "carcinoid-like" prostatic carcinoma.

An unusual prostatic neoplasm characterized by a carcinoid-like light microscopic pattern together with argyrophilia of tumor cells is described. Immunoperoxidase stain for prostatic specific antigen, however, was positive, indicating that this neoplasm was an argyrophilic prostatic carcinoma. Although the clinical significance of a carcinoid-like pattern and/or argyrophilia in prostatic carcinoma is currently unknown, pathologic recognition of these features is of paramount importance because prostatic carcinoma with these features has to be distinguished from true primary prostatic carcinoid tumor or, in areas of metastasis, from metastatic carcinoid originating from other sites such as the gastrointestinal or respiratory tracts. The value of the immunoperoxidase technique for prostatic specific antigen as well as prostatic acid phosphatase in this differentiation is stressed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Survival of cancer patients by economic status in a free care setting.

Patients with lung, breast, and colorectal cancer were classified as to their economic status for comparison of survival. Patients at the City of Hope Medical Center are admitted and treated without regard to their economic status, providing an excellent place to test the effect of low economic status on survival. In none of these disease sites was an effect of low economic status observed, even when adjusting for age, sex, stage, smoking status, and alcohol usage. The only variable that consistently predicted survival was stage of disease; when accounting for stage, there was no independent effect of low economic status. In the presence of uniform care, low economic status as defined in this study is not a factor in patient survival.

Age Factors↗