SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
This paper describes the behaviour and backgrounds of adolescents in a therapeutic community and proposes that all experiences in the residential context need to form a single integrated psychotherapeutic process. Although reference is made to group and organizational issues, the central consideration is of the significance of food and its treatment potential in this total process.
There seems to be an as yet unresolved question as to whether attachment behavior is an innate factor or whether it is an outcome of primary social relations. On the basis of Bowlby's researches as well as on Emde's, the author argues that attachment is an innate developmental factor that needs external impact, meaning parental care, to evolve and develop. The two cases presented here reflect similar expressions of alienation and detachment as well as essential differences. In the first case, the child has lost his innate ability and urge for social attachment due to severely defective care during early infancy, mainly desertion. In the second case, the child expresses clear attachment ability, yet, due to the deviant care, this ability has developed into disturbed attachment patterns. In both cases, it is claimed that only comprehensive treatment, which is in a way removed from reality, may "rekindle" the innate attachment ability of the first child and lead the second child to unimpaired attachment behavior.
This study compares the profiles of two groups of emotionally disturbed female adolescents as measured by two objective personality tests, the HSPQ and the Jesness Inventory. The hypothesis tested was that the unsuccessful girls would score significantly differently on various dimensions of the two tests than the successful girls. Unsuccessful girls were those who did not complete the treatment program; successful girls were those who completed the program. A comparison of the mean scores of the various personality factors on each test showed significant differences upon admission.
The Salvation Army First Choice Program, located in Fort Worth, Texas, provides comprehensive-as well as gender-specific-treatment for addicted women while providing child care and therapeutic services for children. Specific program attributes (including therapeutic interventions, community linkages, and staffing patterns) are described, and the five-year evaluation initiative, designed to examine relationships between client characteristics, program participation, and client progress is outlined. Findings from initial analyses examining correlates of 90-day dropout suggest a complex interaction among specific problems a woman brings to treatment, her level of dysfunction at treatment entry, how much social support is available to her, and what services she receives.
A follow-up of 46 youthful clients discharged from a therapeutic camp between its inception in 1972 and September 1975 indicates an overall improvement in functioning, especially in the areas of school performance, interpersonal relationships, and household behavior. The one area in which no overall improvement was found was delinquency.
Results of a replication study of juvenile firesetters confirms, in general, findings of the earlier study: juveniles who feel unwanted or abused or who become aroused by watching or setting fires are most likely to be firesetters. There were, however, significant differences in certain results of the first and second studies, which indicate a need for further research.
This paper is based on the experience of the author in establishing and directing a program of behavior modification for children and their parents at the New Hampshire Hospital. The focus is on the operant conditioning procedures used with the parents to foster improved relationships with their children and between spouses. Attention was given to the promotion of awareness and praise for productive behaviors and extinction of hostility. Modeling, prompting, shaping, ignoring, and reinforcement principles were followed in parent activities such as TV viewing, individual and group counseling, and controlled visits with children.
A short-term treatment program designed as an alternative to psychiatric hospitalization for children and adolescents is described. The program utilizes a multidisciplinary professional team and specially trained individuals (mentors) who work with the child and the child's biological family in the context of a mentor's home. Admission, discharge, and follow-up data on a group of patients are reported.
The paper reports about strategies in behavior modification with aggressive children (sensu Petermann and Petermann, 1991) in special education ("Heimerziehung"). New results of treatment with nursery students are discussed. The modified conception (single and group sessions with child/children) are illustrated. Single-Case hypotheses were tested with the help of reversal designs (based on 105 observations). The differences of means between the phases of the observation (incl. the t-tests) are evaluated. The single-case analyses showed positive effects. Only the support by parents guarantees positive long-term effects.
This study surveys some of the major theoretical contributions to the evolvement of concepts about adolescence. Historical perspectives regarding the development of inpatient and residential institutions are outlined, followed by brief discussions of follow-up studies evaluating both forms of treatment. Finally, a general overview of outcome research is provided, focusing on the underlying, changing attitudes toward the adolescent phase of development.
This paper concerns the very special nature of Peper Harow, a residential establishment for disturbed young people. The paper explores the means by which adolescents become absorbed in, and are helped to identify with, the goals of a therapeutic community, and draws on symbols and metaphors from literature to illustrate the treatment process. Examples are given from the life of the community, and attempts are made to capture the atmosphere of a unique establishment.
The psychological-statistical analysis of the resolutions concerning accommodation in a home by the Youth Welfare Services of the town of Rostock in 1973 includes 75 children and young people with (dissocial) behaviour disorders, their average age at that time being 14.0 years. The main phenomena were playing truant or idling, running away as well as difficulties regarding discipline. A remarkable fact is the large percentage of parents with lacking vocational training and the frequency of families with more than four children (10 times as high as the average of the population) with the rate of divorces being at the same time high (39%). 55 per cent of the persons with behaviour disorders did not have a normal school development, for example the percentage of the children attending schools for backward children was 14 times as high as the average of the other school children. As a consequence, the necessity of making an early use of advisory and educational measures is pointed out, especially in cases of such families with many children who are lacking the basic conditions for an education.
This investigation compared the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral HIV risk reduction intervention with a standard care (SC) comparison condition in modifying HIV risk related knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups among 149 HIV seronegative males. The two intervention conditions were administered while participants were in inpatient alcohol and other drug abuse treatment. Global drug abuse severity, as well as injection drug abuse, decreased significantly from preintervention to follow-up across conditions. There were significant increases in the proportions reporting sexual activity and increases in levels of unprotected sex acts between baseline and follow-up across conditions. However, no changes in sex risk behavior were found among those who reported sexual activity both prior to and after intervention across conditions. Participants revealed relatively adequate knowledge regarding HIV and HIV risk reduction practices, strong belief in the utility of safer practices and in their ability to enact such practices, and relatively strong commitment to practice safer sex across conditions at baseline assessment. In general, substantial postintervention improvements over baseline levels in these areas were not found. Relatively modest changes in sexual self-efficacy and in safe-sex guidelines were identified in analyses involving the total sample. Exploratory subgroup analysis suggested increases in knowledge and reductions in susceptibility and anxiety among those who reported sexual activity both prior to and after intervention. Among participants reporting initiation of sexual activity after intervention, those receiving SC revealed changes in perceived susceptibility and in condom attitudes. A discussion is presented of challenges associated with providing meaningful HIV risk reduction intervention when baseline levels of sex risk behavior, perceived HIV infection susceptibility, and HIV anxiety are only moderate and when initial levels of sexual self-efficacy and commitment are relatively high.
This paper describes a treatment modality for adolescents and young adults who do not respond successfully to treatment within the family context. A comprehensive therapeutic program is implemented in the open community, providing benefits of residential care while avoiding many of the drawbacks. Five key components are discussed: creating individualized programs using community resources; effecting a complete separation from parents; maximizing autonomy and self-reliance; facilitating a corrective family experience; and capitalizing on transference in intensive individual psychotherapy, which is enhanced when a married couple functions as the treatment team. Suggestions for implementing this model are discussed and advantages and limitations are cited.
The historical background and early contributions of the Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, the first psychiatric hospital for children in the United States, are described. The focus of this report is on the incorporation of the treatment modality of behavior modification into this traditional psychoanalytically oriented program. Beginning with exploratory studies in the mid-1960s, in recent years within the residential center there has been a separate Autistic Unit, in which the major treatment strategy is consistent application of behavior modification principles and programs. Changes that have occurred in the course of developing the behavior modification program are discussed to show some of the positive and negative aspects of introducing such a radical change into a traditional setting. Case studies are included to reveal both the failures and the successes that have been encountered in treating psychotic children with either psychotherapy or behavior therapy. Description of the current status of the program shows that treatment is comprehensive, including psychodynamic and behavioral approaches, medication when warranted, and special education. The role of parents in the program is now very different from that ascribed to them in traditional psychoanalytically guided treatment.
A significant factor affecting the chance for recovery is the ability of the skid row alcoholic to form and sustain a relationship with someone or something. The author describes an open-ended, community residential program that encourages such relationships and which is proving to be an effective treatment model.
FIRO-B Wanted Inclusion, Wanted Affection, and Total scores discriminated between 28 adolescent boys who would be successful graduates of a positive peer-culture residential program and 29 who would not. Successful graduates had higher mean scores on these scales. Successful and unsuccessful residents did not differ in scores on Exner Rorschach Experience Balance, Experienced Stimulation, or Adjusted D. Likewise they did not differ in Verbal IQ or age. Openness to social relationships may be an important variable in assessing for whom group-based treatment will work. Where the capacity for relatedness is not present, staff in a group-based program may have to recognize and treat this if the program is to succeed.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the extent to which community residential facilities that contract with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to treat substance abuse patients are providing more services and structure to meet the needs of a client population with increasingly severe problems. METHODS: A nationwide sample of 249 community residential facilities with VA contracts was surveyed in 1995 and again in 1998. RESULTS: In 1998 facilities were more likely than they were in 1995 to have psychiatrists and psychologists available to patients as well as specialized counseling and psychoeducational, rehabilitation, and medical services. Facilities also provided more social and recreational activities, and more structure was provided by discouraging patients' choice of individual daily living patterns. In 1998 the facilities were more likely to admit dual diagnosis patients, those with substance use disorders and psychiatric disorders. Programs that changed toward accepting dual diagnosis patients had more services and structure than programs that consistently accepted only substance abuse patients. CONCLUSIONS: Community residential facilities that contract with VA are responding appropriately to an increasingly ill patient population by providing more services and structure.