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Results for “Radioallergosorbent Test”

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PubMed1987

Ethylene oxide (ETO) as a major cause of anaphylactoid reactions in dialysis (a review).

Ethylene oxide (ETO), an alkylating compound of high chemical reactivity, is widely used for gas sterilization, but recently serious ETO side reactions have been recognized. With chronic ETO exposure, increased spontaneous abortion, sister chromatid exchange, and leukemia are observed. After medical use of ETO outside nephrology, contact dermatitis, cardiopulmonary shock (during cardiopulmonary surgery), allergic local reactions to ETO sterilized lenses, and anaphylactoid reactions to ETO sterilized catheters have been described. In numerous dialysis patients widespread hypersensitivity to ETO has been documented by skin prick test and ETO radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Furthermore an anaphylactoid "first-use reaction" was described in dialyzed patients, most of whom were using hollow-fiber dialyzers. After long discussions whether complement activation versus hypersensitivity is the cause of such acute anaphylactoid reactions, more recent studies using either ETO RAST or basophil degranulation tests implicate ETO hypersensitivity as their major cause. The high prevalence of sensitization to ETO and the frequency, unpredictability, and potential danger of anaphylactoid reactions to ETO lead to the conclusion that ETO sterilization of dialyzers should be discontinued, since alternative modalities of sterilization are currently available.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Allergy to stinging and biting insects in Queensland.

Over an eight and a half year period 742 patients were assessed for allergy to stinging and biting insects in Queensland; 452 (61%) had allergic reactions to honey bees, 244 (33%) to wasps, 30 (4%) to various ants, 11 (1.5%) to march flies (Tabanus sp.) and five to tick infestation. One hundred and fifty one patients (20%) presented with large local swelling only (RXN1), 98 (13%) with urticaria and/or facial angioedema distant from the sting site (RXN2) and 492 (66%) with subjective or objective evidence of dyspnoea or hypotension (RXN3). Allergy testing was performed with honey bee and wasp venoms by skin testing or by Radioallergosorbent testing. Fifty nine patients (30%) with RXN3 responses to wasps failed to react to either test, while this applied to only 19 (6%) of the patients with RXN3 responses to bee stings. Thus, a large number of wasp-allergic patients with RXN3 responses could not be offered immunotherapy. A similar problem exists in the lack of availability of specific reagents for anti- and tick-induced dyspnoea or hypotension. A whole-body insect extract of march fly, however, appears useful.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Reaginic bronchial allergy and the occurrence of reagins against mites in a representative sample of a local Swedish population.

This study involves an investigation of 185 subjects, aged 35--54 years, a representative sample of persons with chronic obstructive lung disease in a local Swedish population. Bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 86 persons, chronic bronchitis in 69 and a combination of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis in 30. Reaginic bronchial allergy as a provoking factor was considered as definite when the case history, an intracutaneous test, a bronchial provocation test and a radioallergosorbent test were all positive with regard to one and the same allergen. This was found in 28% of the asthmatics. In 16% of the asthmatics, the diagnosis of reaginic bronchial allergy was not supported by all the four diagnostic criteria used but was considered as probable since the case history or the bronchial provocation test was positive in association with a positive RAST or intracutaneous test with the same allergen. Reaginic (IgE) antibodies in serum to mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) were found in 20 subjects, 18 of whom also had a positive intracutaneous test for house dust. Four of these 20 subjects had definite and 12 had probable reaginic bronchial allergy. One of the remaining four subjects had chronic bronchitis without asthma. The percentage of definite reaginic bronchial allergy may possibly be increased when reliable bronchial provocations with mite allergen can be performed. Increased IgE levels in serum were found in only eight of the 51 asthmatics with reaginic bronchial allergy and in two of the 65 other asthmatics.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Comparison of skin tests and RAST in the diagnosis of atopic hypersensitivity.

Prick, intracutaneous tests and the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) were performed with 12 common allergens in 50 consecutive patients who required skin testing during an allergy investigation. Results of prick test and RAST showed agreement in 82.7% of tests but positive prick tests were much commoner than positive RAST tests. When intracutaneous tests were required to obtain a positive skin test, agreement between skin test and RAST fell to 66.5%.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Stinging insect allergy.

Systemic allergic reactions to insect stings are estimated to occur in about 1 percent of children and 3 percent of adults. In children, these reactions usually are limited to cutaneous signs, with urticaria and angioedema; adults more commonly have airway obstruction or hypotension. Epinephrine is the treatment of choice for acute anaphylaxis, and self-injection devices should be prescribed to patients at risk for this allergic reaction. Stinging insect allergy can be confirmed by measurement of venom-specific IgE antibodies using venom skin tests or a radioallergosorbent test. Patients with previous large local reactions have a 5 to 10 percent risk of experiencing systemic reactions to future stings. Patients with previous systemic reactions have a variable risk of future reactions: the risk is as low as 10 to 15 percent in those with the mildest reactions and in some children, but as high as 70 percent in adults with the most severe recent reactions. Because of demonstrated efficacy (98 percent), venom immunotherapy is recommended for use in patients who are at risk for severe systemic reactions to future insect stings. Venom immunotherapy is administered every four to eight weeks for at least five years. Immunotherapy may be needed indefinitely in patients at higher risk for recurrence of anaphylaxis after treatment is stopped.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1992

[Studies on IgG subclass antibodies in adult asthma. 2. Changes in serum antigen specific IgG subclass antibodies for aging and intractability in asthmatics].

To clarify the factors which induce intractable asthma, the level of serum IgG subclass antibodies to mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) and Candida antigens (Candida albicans) for aging and severity was investigated in 230 bronchial asthmatics (Male: 117, Female: 113) aged 6-81 years old (mean age = 40). Total IgE level and IgE antibodies to mite and Candida antigens were measured by radioimmunosorbent test (RIST) and radioallergosorbent test (RAST), respectively. The serum level of IgG and IgG1 antibodies to the antigens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were as follows: 1) The incidence of severe asthma in aged and late onset asthmatics, especially late onset intractable asthma (LOIA), was higher than that in young and early onset asthmatics. 2) The serum level of total IgE and IgE antibodies to mite in aged and late onset asthmatics was lower than that in young and early onset asthmatics. 3) The incidence of severe and intractable asthmatics in the group of low IgE levels (less than 300 IU/ml) was higher than that in the group of high IgE levels (over 500 IU/ml). The incidence of positive IgE (RAST) score to mite in severe and intractable asthmatics was lower than that in mild and moderate asthmatics. 4) Considering aging, the serum levels of IgG and IgG1 antibodies to mite and Candida in severe and intractable asthmatics was higher than those in mild asthmatics. These data indicate that the aged and late onset asthmatics may produce dominantly the IgG (IgG1) antibody to the antigens, and have severe asthma attacks caused by IgG (IgG1) rather than IgE antibody.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Anaphylactic shock following topical use of thrombin for irrigation of urinary bladder].

A 55-yr-old male with carcinoma of bladder received transurethral coagulation (TUC) under epidural anesthesia. A few min after the operation, he went into anaphylactic shock during irrigation of urinary bladder with thrombin solution. The symptoms were epigastralgia, circulatory collapse, skin rashes over the whole body and dyspnea. Oxygen inhalation and iv administration of epinephrine and steroid were performed, and his general condition improved within several hours. On the 2nd day after recovery from the anaphylactic shock, the patient received prick test on several agents which he had been given during operation. Prick test and RAST (radioallergosorbent test) on thrombin were positive. Based on our experience, thrombin may act to produce anaphylactic reaction. Although anaphylactic shock following topical thrombin is rare, we feel that thrombin should not be used without prick test.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1986

[Liver abscess with pleuropulmonary fistula following hepatobiliary ascariasis in a 18-month-old infant. Apropos of a case with recovery for over 10 years].

This study deals solely with the problem of intra-hepatic collected suppuration due to an ascaris migration through the liver ducts. It is due to the infestation of the intestine germs carried away by the worm but not by the ascaris itself which can die calcified inside the liver without hearing of it, provided no mechanical complication has happened, or if it has returned to the intestine environment. When the illness starts with hepatic colic, a pyrexy with a painful right hypochondria and a painful liver-swelling, if the positive diagnosis, that can have been made from the cutaneous allergy test, the R.A.S.T. [Radioallergosorbent Test]. the sonographic diagnosis, the cholangiography and the C.T. scan, can be proved only by curative aiming surgery, mainly in on-endemic countries. The pre and post-operative anti-helmintics are strongly advised to avoid a reinfestation of the illness.

Antiplatyhelmintic Agents↗

PubMed1980

Allergy to human seminal plasma: a presentation of six cases.

Six women had symptoms of immediate type allergic reactions such as localized oedema, urticaria and pruritus elicited at, or soon after intercourse. All had positive skin prick tests with dilutions of human seminal plasma. The symptoms failed to appear when the women's partners used a condom an intercourse. None of the women had IgE antibodies in serum against human seminal plasma when tested with the radioallergosorbent test. This type of allergic reaction is easily overlooked.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Acute airway obstruction followed by hypersensitivity pneumonitis in an isocyanate (MDI) worker.

A rare combination of an acute asthmatic reaction followed by hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) is described. The patient, who was nonatopic and did not show bronchial hyperreactivity to metacholine, was occasionally engaged at the workplace in spraying a mixture of MDI and polyol to produce a polyurethane foam for use as a packing material. Challenge testing by MDI resulted first in a significant immediate bronchial obstruction indicated by decreases in specific airway conductance and forced expiratory volume at 1 s, and then in a significant decrease in vital capacity and diffusing capacity, associated with systemic reactions such as anorexia, malaise, fever, and leukocytosis three to eight hours after challenge. Challenge testing by toluene diisocyanate produced a mild systemic reaction. This finding, as well as the detection of specific IgG antibodies to various isocyanate-human serum albumin conjugates, suggests immunologic cross-reactivity between different isocyanates. Neither skin testing nor the radioallergosorbent test indicated a type I sensitization. After contact with isocyanates was terminated, the disease did not recur.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1976

House dust mite and house dust allergy.

Skin testing and the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with extracts of house dust and mite (D. farinae) were performed on 100 patients. Correlation between positive prick tests with the two antigens was low, many more reactions being obtained with the house dust antigen in patients clinically positive to house dust. Also, for both antigens, the degree of reactivity was higher with the prick test than with RAST. It is concluded that, in this geographic area, house dust extract is more suitable than mite extract for skin testing and, by inference, for hyposensitization therapy of house dust-sensitive patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Food allergy and intolerance.

Adverse reactions to foods and food additives are common problems. True food allergy involving an immunological mechanism is less common; these allergies affect approximately 10% of the United States population. Most food allergies are immunoglobulin E-mediated; systemic anaphylaxis is the most serious complication. Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination. In vivo diagnostic studies involve skin testing and food challenges (blinded and unblinded). In vitro testing (most commonly radioallergosorbent test [RAST]) is widely used. Treatment is best accomplished by identifying and avoiding the offending allergen.

Celiac Disease↗

PubMed1989

A method for the detection of IgE binding sequences of allergens based on a modification of epitope mapping.

An ELISA method for the rapid determination of IgE binding sites (allergenic determinants) of proteins is reported. The method utilizes the epitope mapping kit (Geysen et al., 1984) to synthesize hexapeptides of an allergen of interest, followed by a biotin-avidin system to detect peptide-bound IgE. The technique allows rapid localisation of determinants from allergens of known sequence without the need to purify large amounts of allergen nor to generate peptides by cleavage of it. Using the results of the epitope mapping experiments a putative allergenic peptide containing 18 amino acid residues from the sequence of a wheat allergen was identified and synthesised on polyamide resin. Testing of this peptide by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition showed that it bound specific IgE in the sera of patients allergic to wheat.

Allergens↗

PubMed1979

A new method of allergen standardization. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis inhibition in a mouse-to-rat system in comparison with other methods.

Various methods have been employed for standardization of potency of allergen extracts. We used passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) inhibition in a mouse-to-rat system as a new means of standardization. Several allergen extracts, including mite, short ragweed, house dust, Aspergillus, Candida, and Japanese cedar, were examined. Mouse IgE antibodies were produced after two or three injections of antigen and alum. The potency measured by PCA inhibition in the mouse-to-rat system was compared with that of protein nitrogen (PN) content, end point of prick test in humans, and 50% radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition. Our studies suggest that the mouse-to-rat system could be used to determine allergenic potency and to standardize allergen extracts.

Allergens↗

PubMed1976

In vitro demonstration of specific IgE in phthalic anhydride hypersensitivity.

Clinical sensitization to phthalic anhydride occurred in a worker who developed symptoms of rhinorrhea, lacrimination, and wheezing after exposure to this chemical. Positive skin tests, provocative bronchial challenges, and a high serum titer of specific IgE (by the radioallergosorbent test) to phthalic anhydride corroborated his clinical hypersensitivity. Bronchial provocation studies using alcoholic-saline solutions of phthalic anhydride and phthalic anhydride dust resulted in immediate airway obstruction. The successful identification of specific IgE by the radioallergosorbent test demonstrates that this can be a useful in vitro technique for corroborating sensitization to this chemical.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

IgE mediated hypersensitivity to pancreatic extract (PE) in parents of cystic fibrosis (CF) children.

On exposure to pancreatic extract (PE), four parents of cystic fibrosis (CF) children developed immediate hypersensitivity-like symptoms: i.e. rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and/or anaphylaxis. IgE to PE was demonstrated in the subjects by skin testing, leucocyte histamine release and radioallergosorbent test (RAST). No serum precipitating antibodies were found. Bronchial challenge caused an immediate asthmatic response. No delayed asthmatic response or hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like reaction occurred. The responsible antigen for PE induced asthma is unknown; trypsin failed to inhibit PE-RAST and is therefore not responsible in these subjects. Caution should be exercised in using PE for skin testing and bronchial challenge in subjects with suspected hypersensitivity to PE. Certain measures were found useful in preventing the occurrence of symptoms in the four subjects.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

The prevalence of allergy in young children with an acquired cholesteatoma.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether allergic sensitisation occurs more frequently in young children with an acquired cholesteatoma in comparison with young children without ear diseases. DESIGN: In this retrospective case-control study the allergic sensitisation of 43 children (age 0-10 years) who were operated for an acquired cholesteatoma was compared with the allergic sensitisation of children without ear pathology. SETTING: Otology department of the ORL clinic of the Academic Medical Centre of University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. MEASUREMENTS: From all subjects a complete history examination was performed and stored in a database. To assess for the presence of allergic sensitisation in patients who underwent radical ear surgery because of an acquired cholesteatoma, and the control group a multiantgen radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was performed. The GraphPad Prism v 2.0. statistical software was used to perform the analyses. RESULTS: Eighteen subjects (41.8%) demonstrated sensitivity to allergens and this is statistically significant (P < 0.0047) higher than the control group and expected for the general paediatric population. 80% of the patients with a positive multiantgen radioallergosorbent test were boys. In all positive cases an allergy for the house dust mite was determined. CONCLUSION: Allergy is statistically frequently present in paediatric patients with an acquired cholesteatoma. The house dust mite seems to be the most important allergen when allergy is involved with an acquired cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma with an positive allergy test occurs much more often in boys than girls. This could mean that young boys with a series of inflammatory middle ear diseases and allergic sensitisation are probably more at risk to develop an acquired cholesteatoma in childhood.

Allergens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

IgE in respiratory tract allergies.

The IgE concentration was determined in the sera and nasal secretions of 166 patients with nasal allergy, 40 patients with bronchial asthma, and 50 control subjects, using Phadebas IgE kits. The IgE level was significantly elevated in both the sera and nasal secretions of allergic patients. The sera and nasal secretions of 142 patients, who were positive in HD or mites skin test, were subjected to a radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for estimating the specific IgE antibody activity to mites. The gradings of the specific antibody activity were significantly correlated with the strengths of the HD skin tests. The results of this study proved the usefulness of the determination of IgE and specific IgE antibodies in the diagnosis and study of the pathogenesis of respiratory tract allergies. The IgE in nasal secretions was much more closely related to pathogenesis of respiratory allergies than was IgE in sera. However, unless more concentrated nasal secretions are assayed, the diagnostic value is limited.

Adolescent↗