PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Sedentary Behavior”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Homolateral hand and foot coordination in trained older women.

BACKGROUND: Age-related deterioration in homolateral hand and foot coordination might be due to the combined effects of aging and a sedentary lifestyle. Unfortunately, there is a lack of information regarding the effects of training programs on coordinated inter-limb behavior with advancing age. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to verify differences in homolateral hand and foot coordination between trained and untrained older women. METHODS: Fifteen sedentary older women were matched in age (61-70 years) with 15 older women who had trained for at least 7 years with 3 one-hour sessions/week of rhythmic gymnastics. The subjects performed simultaneous flexions and extensions of the homolateral wrist and ankle in the sagittal plane at a 1:1 ratio. Two homolateral conditions (preferred and non-preferred limbs) were tested in two coordination modes: in-phase (isodirectional) and anti-phase (non-isodirectional) at three test frequencies (80, 120, and 180 bpm, respectively). The time of correct execution within a maximum of 60 s was recorded for each test condition. RESULTS: Sedentary older women maintained the required movements for a shorter time than older gymnasts, especially with increasing execution frequency and in the anti-phase condition. Older gymnasts showed no negative effects of increasing frequency on coordination performance in the in-phase mode, and frequency-related performance decrements of lower magnitude than sedentary older women in the anti-phase mode. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that the beneficial effects of rhythm-based training can be better understood when both the spatial and temporal constraints of the inter-limb coordination performance are considered. In fact, trained women largely succeeded in maintaining temporal constraints of in-phase inter-limb coordination even at the highest execution frequency, whereas sedentary women performed worse than trained women already at the lowest frequency. Furthermore, only trained women still succeeded in the anti-phase conditions. Thus, it appears that regular and prolonged practice of rhythmic gymnastics enhances inter-limb performance over both a sedentary lifestyle as well as ageing.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

The association between mood states and physical activity in postmenopausal, obese, sedentary women.

Mood states influence evaluative judgments that can affect the decision to exercise or to continue to exercise. This study examined how mood associated with graded exercise testing (GXT) in sedentary, obese, postmenopausal women (N = 25) was associated with physical activity and predicted VO2max during and after a behavioral weight-loss program (BWLP). Measures of physical activity included planned exercise, calories from physical activity, leisure-time physical activity, and predicted VO2max. Mood before and after pre-BWLP GXT was assessed using the Profile of Mood States. Mood before and after the GXT was more strongly associated with planned exercise than other forms of physical activity, and this effect became stronger over time. Mood enhancement in response to exercise was not related to physical activity. Mood before and after exercise might yield important clinical information that can be used to promote physical activity in sedentary adults.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2005

The behavioral and clinical effects of therapeutic lifestyle change on middle-aged adults.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes are responsible for most deaths in the United States. Lifestyle factors--poor nutrition, sedentary living, and tobacco use--appear to play a prominent role in the development of many chronic diseases. This study determined the behavioral and clinical impact of a therapeutic lifestyle-modification intervention on a group of community volunteers. METHODS: Participants included 348 volunteers aged 24 to 81 years from the Rockford, Ill, metropolitan area who participated in a randomized clinical trial. The intervention group attended a 40-hour educational course delivered as lectures during a 4-week period. Participants learned the importance of making better lifestyle choices and how to make improvements in nutrition and physical activity. Changes in nutrition, physical activity behavior, and several chronic disease risk factors were assessed at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS: Intervention participants showed significant 6-month improvement in all nutrition and physical activity measures except calories from protein and whole-grain servings and all clinical measures except blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were worse after 6 months in both groups but only significantly worse in the control group. The control group experienced small but significant improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and high-density lipoproteins. Change-score comparisons between the intervention and control groups were significant for all nutrition and physical activity variables except total steps per week and daily sodium intake and were also significant for the clinical measures of weight, body fat, and body mass index. CONCLUSION: This therapeutic lifestyle-modification program can significantly improve nutrition and physical activity behavior and can reduce many of the risk factors associated with common chronic diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of synthetic hydrocarbons for mark-recapture studies on the red milkweed beetle.

This study evaluates the potential for using blends of synthetic hydrocarbons in mark-recapture studies of insects. To test the durability of hydrocarbons, we applied a blend of five straight-chain hydrocarbons (C24, C21, C26. C28, C30) to detached elytra of the red milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetrophthalmus (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), mounted the elytra on pins, and placed them in an exposed location outdoors. The amount of hydrocarbons on the elytra did not change over time, even after two months of exposure to sun and rain. Synthetic hydrocarbons applied to the elytra of living beetles did not significantly influence their longevity or mating success in a laboratory study. and the amounts of hydrocarbons did not change with age. The invariability of hydrocarbon ratios over time suggests that blends could provide a nearly infinite variety of ratios to mark individual insects uniquely and indelibly with a hydrocarbon "fingerprint." This technique offers a convenient, safe, and durable means of individually marking insects and may find application in field studies of larger bodied insects that are long-lived and sedentary.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Field trial of a three-dimensional activity monitor: comparison with self report.

We examined the ability of the Tritrac-R3D to estimate daily energy expenditure (EE) and characterize the physical activity patterns of free-living humans. Daily EE was estimated by the Tritrac, a 3-d physical activity log (PAL), and a 7-d recall (SDR). Digital storage of activity data by the Tritrac allowed us to tabulate the number of minutes the monitor recorded EE at specific activity intensities. Twenty-five men and women (mean age and body mass 26.7 yr, 72.5 kg) wore the monitor for 7 d. The Tritrac significantly underestimated daily EE compared with the PAL and SDR, 2552.7 vs 2915.5 kcal.d-1 and 2530.0 vs 2840.3 kcal.d-1, respectively (both, P < 0.01). Correlations between the Tritrac and PAL and the SDR were r = 0.82 and r = 0.77 (both, P < 0.001). Compared with the PAL, the Tritrac overestimated time accumulated in sedentary activities (862.7 vs 827.2 min.d-1) but underestimated time accumulated in active behaviors (37.5 vs 78.0 min.d-1). In conclusion, these data suggest the Tritrac ranks activity levels similarly to the PAL and SDR but it significantly underestimates free-living energy expenditure.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A randomized pilot trial of exercise promotion in sedentary African-American adults.

This study compared the effects of 3 home-based exercise promotion programs for African Americans. Sixty, sedentary African-American adults were randomly assigned to either a standard behavioral counseling group (N=22), a culturally sensitive counseling group (N=20), or a physician advice comparison group (N=10). The key study outcomes measured at baseline and after 6 months included cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. Acculturation was examined as a moderating variable. Participants in all 3 groups reported significant increases in walking, but significant improvements in fitness were observed only in the 2 intervention groups. Participants in the culturally sensitive intervention reported significantly higher levels of exercise social support compared to members of the other 2 groups. These findings show that home-based exercise counseling programs are effective for improving fitness, yet the addition of culturally tailored components may not be sufficient to produce better outcomes than standard behavioral counseling.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1994

Health lifestyle patterns of U.S. adults.

BACKGROUND: Reaching national health objectives depends upon our ability to encourage the performance of multiple good health behaviors. There are cognitive, social, and biological reasons for expecting health behaviors to cluster. However, few studies have found significant associations among health behaviors, with the exception of the documented link between smoking and alcohol consumption. METHODS: We used cluster analysis to identify population subgroups with similar patterns of diet quality, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. This is the first study of health behavior interrelationships to include a measure of overall diet quality and a large sample from a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults. RESULTS: We identified seven health behavior typologies: 10% of the sample (health promoting lifestyle) had an overall healthy lifestyle, 25% had a good diet but sedentary activity level, 18% had fair diet but high activity level (fitness lifestyle). Individuals in the passive lifestyle cluster (25%) had no active health promoting activities but did avoid risk taking health behaviors. Six percent of the sample were in a drinking cluster, 15% in a smoking cluster, and 2% had a hedonic lifestyle characterized by heavy drinking and smoking. These lifestyle clusters could be characterized by demographic and socioeconomic factors. CONCLUSIONS: This research indicates that it is possible to identify a discrete number of health lifestyles in a population sample of U.S. adults. Understanding past, present, and changing health lifestyles may provide insights for health behavior research and information for the development and targeting of public health programs that can impact on multifactorial chronic diseases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of behavioral risk factors in two American Indian populations in Montana.

Despite great improvements in recent decades, the health status of American Indians continues to lag behind that of other Americans. Continued health improvement will depend largely on changes in individual behavior. However, few data exist on health risk behaviors among American Indians. We used face-to-face interviews to estimate the prevalence of some of these behaviors among American Indians 15-49 years of age in two Montana locations: on the Blackfeet Reservation and in Great Falls. The prevalence of several important health risk behaviors was higher in these populations than in adult Montana residents in general. Tobacco use was very prevalent. Fifty percent of on-reservation women, 62% of off-reservation women, 34% of on-reservation men, and 63% of off-reservation men were smokers at the time of the survey. Thirty-three percent of reservation men used smokeless tobacco. Other risk behaviors of high prevalence included acute heavy drinking (26% to 42% of men); overweight (29% to 41% of females); sedentary lifestyle (46% to 62% of all respondents); and nonuse of seat belts (64% to 79% of all respondents). Tribal leaders and the Indian Health Service are using the survey results to reduce the prevalence of behaviors harming the health of Indian people. In addition to providing valuable information about the surveyed populations, the survey served as a pilot for subsequent surveys of other American Indian groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The consequences of uncontrollable stress are sensitive to duration of prior wheel running.

The behavioral consequences of uncontrollable stress, or learned helplessness (LH) behaviors, are thought to involve hyperactivity of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Other brain regions implicated in LH and capable of affecting 5-HT systems, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), amygdala, and habenula, could contribute to DRN 5-HT hyperactivity during uncontrollable stress. Six weeks of wheel running prevents LH and attenuates uncontrollable stress-induced c-Fos expression in DRN 5-HT neurons, although the duration of wheel running necessary for these effects is unknown. In the current study, 6 but not 3, weeks of wheel running blocked the shuttle box escape deficit and exaggerated fear produced by uncontrollable tail shock in sedentary rats. Corresponding to the duration-dependent effects of wheel running on LH behaviors, 6 weeks of wheel running was required to attenuate uncontrollable stress-induced 5-HT neural activity, indexed by c-Fos protein expression, in the DRN and c-Fos expression in the lateral ventral region of the BNST. Wheel running, regardless of duration, did not affect c-Fos expression anywhere in the amygdala or habenula. These data indicate that the behavioral effects of uncontrollable stress are sensitive to the duration of prior physical activity and are consistent with the hypothesis that attenuation of DRN 5-HT activity contributes to the prevention of LH by wheel running. The potential role of the BNST in the prevention of LH by wheel running is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Herbivore population suppression by an intermediate predator, Phytoseiulus macropilis, is insensitive to the presence of an intraguild predator: an advantage of small body size?

Recent work in terrestrial communities has highlighted a new question: what makes a predator act as a consumer of herbivores versus acting as a consumer of other predators? Here we test three predictions from a model (Rosenheim and Corbett in Ecology 84:2538-2548) that links predator foraging behavior with predator ecology: (1) widely foraging predators have the potential to suppress populations of sedentary herbivores; (2) sit and wait predators are unlikely to suppress populations of sedentary herbivores; and (3) sit and wait predators may act as top predators, suppressing populations of widely foraging intermediate predators and thereby releasing sedentary herbivore populations from control. Manipulative field experiments conducted with the arthropod community found on papaya, Carica papaya, provided support for the first two predictions: (1) the widely foraging predatory mite Phytoseiulus macropilis strongly suppressed populations of a sedentary herbivore, the spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus, whereas (2) the tangle-web spider Nesticodes rufipes, a classic sit and wait predator, failed to suppress Tetranychus population growth rates. However, our experiments provided no support for the third hypothesis; the sit and wait predator Nesticodes did not disrupt the suppression of Tetranychus populations by Phytoseiulus. This contrasts with an earlier study that demonstrated that Nesticodes can disrupt control of Tetranychus generated by another widely foraging predator, Stethorus siphonulus. Behavioral observations suggested a simple explanation for the differing sensitivity of Phytoseiulus and Stethorus to Nesticodes predation. Phytoseiulus is a much smaller predator than Stethorus, has a lower rate of prey consumption, and thus has a much smaller requirement to forage across the leaf surface for prey, thereby reducing its probability of encountering Nesticodes webs. Small body size may be a general means by which widely foraging intermediate predators can ameliorate their risk of predation by sit and wait top predators. This effect may partially or fully offset the general expectation from size-structured trophic interactions that smaller predators are subject to more intense intraguild predation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Use-dependent behavioral and neurochemical asymmetry in MPTP mice.

Early in Parkinson's disease (PD) physical activity becomes difficult resulting in a more sedentary lifestyle. Clinical and experimental studies have found that increased activity following striatal dopamine loss leads to increased motor function. Decreased physical activity early in PD along with findings that increased physical activity results in functional improvement suggested to us that decreased physical activity during the period of nigrostriatal degeneration may not only be a symptom of the injury, but may also act to potentiate the degeneration. Using the bilateral MPTP mouse model of PD, we restricted use of one forelimb for the first 7 days post-injection. This transient behavioral manipulation during the period of dopamine degeneration resulted in a long-lasting deficit of the restricted forelimb. This was manifested as sustained asymmetrical use of the forelimbs during wall exploration, as well as a neurochemical imbalance between striatal hemispheres measured by immunoreactivity of the dopamine terminal markers, DAT, VMAT2 and TH. These results show a significant interaction between behavior and neurochemistry and suggest that a reduction in activity level may further exacerbate degeneration.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1987

Effect of voluntary exercise on open-field behavior and on aggression in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).

In the present study we investigated the influence of voluntary exercise on exploratory behavior and on aggression in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Twenty-four SHR (8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a sedentary control group. The animals in the exercise group exhibited a spontaneous wheel running activity of 5-6 km/day during 6 weeks. The characteristic hyperexploratory behavior of SHR was lowered in the exercise group (p less than .001) as compared to the control group. The runners also showed a tendency for less aggression. In the postexercise period, when the runners' wheels were locked, the exercise group had a significant rise in aggression (p less than .01) vs the controls. The exploratory behavior returned immediately to the level of the controls, but we found no further increase in any of the parameters measured. However, the runners showed a type of displaced aggression exhibited as digging and biting in the test cage. This evidence suggests that voluntary exercise lowers the hyperexploratory behavior and aggression in the SHR and that an abrupt stop in exercise gives an "abstinence" reaction.

Aggression↗
PubMed2001

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle: modifiable risk factors for prevention of type 2 diabetes.

Over the past 25 years, the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes have increased alarmingly worldwide and across all age, gender, and race/ethnic groups. The high economic costs, resulting from the numerous and severe complications of this disease, as well as the social burden associated with diabetes mellitus, have motivated the pursuit of prevention methods. Recently, clinical and observational studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of obesity and sedentary lifestyle, as well as the benefits of moderate weight loss and related behaviors, including increased levels of physical activity, in maintaining metabolic control and reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The challenge remains to find ways to successfully deliver this message to the communities, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the different delivery approaches.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tailoring and targeting a worksite health promotion program to address multiple health behaviors among blue-collar women.

PURPOSE: This study examined the relationship between health risks, health behaviors, stages-of-change, and behavior change priorities among blue-collar women participating in a worksite health promotion study. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Rural manufacturing worksites in North Carolina. SUBJECTS: Participants were 859 women aged 18 and over. MEASURES: The self-administered questionnaire assessed smoking, exercise, nutrition (fat, fruits, and vegetables), and breast and cervical cancer screening behaviors. In addition, demographics, body weight, perceived health, stages-of-change, and priority for behavior change were measured. Chi-square tests and regression analysis were used to assess statistical significance. RESULTS: Overall, 28% of women smoked, 37% were completely sedentary, 82% consumed less than five daily servings of fruits and vegetables, and the majority were overweight. The dominant stage of change for each of the lifestyle behaviors was contemplation, whereas most women were in the action stage for cancer screening. When asked to prioritize the behavior they most wanted to change, the majority of women chose healthy eating and/or exercise. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that blue-collar women in this study had multiple health risks and were interested in changing multiple health behaviors. Allowing women to choose the behavior(s) on which they are ready to focus may be a promising approach to tailoring interventions for this population.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Relative risk of mortality in the physically inactive is underestimated because of real changes in exposure level during follow-up.

Relative risk among exposure groups in prospective cohort studies is based on the assumption that all subjects are exposed at the level recorded at baseline throughout the study. Changes in risk behavior during follow-up will dilute the relative risk. This prospective cohort study in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 1964 and 1994 included 30,640 men and women; 19,149 were examined twice, with an interval of 6.7 (standard deviation, 3.4) years. Relative risks calculated from baseline measurements for moderately active and sedentary groups compared with the highly active group were 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.18) and 1.64 (95% confidence interval: 1.53, 1.75), respectively. The relative risk between the highly active group and the sedentary group decreased with increasing follow-up time. When intraindividual changes in physical activity level during follow-up were taken into account, the relative risk of physical inactivity was 24-59% higher compared with the relative risk estimated from baseline measurements. The risk of a sedentary lifestyle is underestimated when it is calculated from one baseline measurement in prospective studies, because subjects change behavior during follow-up.

Adult↗