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PubMed1986

Evaluation of extratesticular findings in scrotal neoplasms.

The significance and incidence of skin thickness, hydroceles, and epididymal size were evaluated in cases of testicular neoplasm. Skin thickness is unreliable and should not be used to differentiate pathological conditions without standardizing technique. Small hydroceles are common in scrotal neoplasms. Epididymal enlargement was seen in many cases of testicular neoplasia and cannot be used alone as a criterion to differentiate malignant from nonmalignant states.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed1980

Splenogonadal fusion associated with an anaplastic seminoma.

A case of the rare anomaly of splenogonadal fusion is presented. The literature related to this anomaly is reviewed and the 2 principal classifications are discussed. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of splenogonadal fusion associated with an intra-abdominal testicular neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Primary carcinoid tumor of the bilateral testis associated with carcinoid syndrome.

Carcinoid tumors derived from neuroendocrine cells can release serotonin and other vasoactive substances into the systemic circulation, resulting in carcinoid syndrome. Testicular carcinoid, a rare disease accounting for less than 1% of all testicular neoplasms, rarely manifests symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. We describe a case of carcinoid syndrome arising from a primary testicular carcinoid tumor. A 21-year-old male patient presented with facial flushing and diarrhea for 5 years. He had an enlarged left testis and a 1-cm, ill-defined, hard, non-tender mass in his right testis. His 24 h urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was elevated (16.1 mg/day). Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy correlated with carcinoid tumor in both testes. Following bilateral orchiectomy, the patient's facial flushing and diarrhea disappeared.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Caval involvement in advanced-stage non-seminoma testicular tumors: surgical strategy and long-term results].

OBJECTIVES: The involvement of vena cava by residual masses after cytoreductive chemotherapy for bulky metastatic germ cell tumors is a rare but possible event. It could ensue by tumor invasion of the inferior vena cava (IVC), venous or neoplastic thrombosis, or by close adherence and encasement of IVC by scar tissue containing fibrosis or cancer; it usually occurs in right testicular neoplasms. In this study we evaluated a group of nine over 86 patients who underwent IVC (and possibly aortic) surgery for post-chemotherapy residual masses and we assessed long term oncological and functional efficacy of the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1980 and 1997, 86 patients underwent retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND) after induction or additional salvage chemotherapy. A subgroup of nine patients, all with primary tumors of the right testis in stage II C to III, showed evidence of caval involvement, four had caval thrombosis, seven exhibited caval invasion; in one case the IVC was displaced and compressed with no clear evidence of infiltration. Surgical management was: three en-bloc and four restricted vena caval resection and two thrombectomy. RESULTS: Of nine patients who underwent IVC surgery, six are alive and have no evidence of disease (follow-up 43-207 months), while three patients deceased for early progression (6-10 months). There were no major surgical complications: only one patient exhibited a significant lymphedema as a result of the primary vascular involvement or of following IVC surgery. CONCLUSIONS: IVC resection is sometimes necessary to complete RPLND of residual masses: it might be crucial to gain oncological clearance, with moderate long term morbidity even for extensive vena cava resections. Among patients eligible for postchemotherapy RPLND, caval involvement selects a higher risk subgroup that should be addressed to medical centers experienced in IVC neoplastic involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Multipoint methylation analysis indicates a distinctive epigenetic phenotype among testicular germ cell tumors and testicular malignant lymphomas.

Hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Although a growing number of genes showing hypermethylation is being reported in human cancer, methylation profiles of tumor-related genes in testicular neoplasms have not been well elucidated. This study was designed to show the methylation profiles of multiple CpG islands in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) in comparison with those in testicular malignant lymphomas. We studied the methylation status of E-cadherin, CDKN2B, CDKN2A, BRCA1, RB1, VHL, RASSF1A, RARB, and GSTP1 by use of TGCT tissues and testicular malignant lymphoma tissues (25 primary TGCT tissues and three primary testicular lymphoma tissues). Methylation was not observed in E-cadherin, CDKN2B, CDKN2A, BRCA1, RB1, VHL, RASSF1A, RARB, and GSTP1 in any of the TGCT tissues. In contrast, all three (100%) of the testicular lymphoma tissues demonstrated hypermethylation of E-cadherin, RASSF1A, and RARB, but not CDKN2B, CDKN2A, BRCA1, RB1, VHL, and GSTP1. These data demonstrate that a distinctive epigenetic phenotype underlies the TGCTs and testicular lymphomas at the CpG sites of E-cadherin, RASSF1A, and RARB; a distinctive epigenetic phenotype was not observed among seminomatous TGCTs and non-seminomatous TGCTs at the CpG sites examined.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1989

Loss of 3p or 11p alleles is associated with testicular cancer tumors.

Constitutional and tumor genotypes defined by polymorphic DNA markers were examined in 31 testicular cancer patients. Constitutional karyotypes were analyzed and clinical data presented. We analyzed 11 loci representing 8 chromosomes, including regions frequently deleted in other types of cancer. Loss of 3p or 11p sequences was detected in 8 of 28 heterozygotes (28%) and in 5 of 20 heterozygotes (25%). This gives a combined total loss of 40%. The other autosomal loci tested showed no loss or a loss of less than 10% of alleles. We suggest that this loss of heterozygosity for genetic material on chromosome 3p or on 11p is nonrandom and important in the development of a major subset of testicular neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Testicular dermoid cyst in a 10-year-old child: case report and discussion of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

The case of testicular dermoid cyst in a 10-year-old boy who presented for evaluation of a presumed testicular neoplasm is reported. The dermoid cyst was confirmed histologically on frozen section and local excision was performed. Only 5 cases of testicular dermoid cysts in children have been reported so far. We discuss the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Lesions of the rete testis in mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol.

Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is an exceptionally rare and malignant testicular neoplasm. Although treatment of pregnant women with diethylstilbestrol (DES) results in reproductive tract abnormalities in their male offspring, increased incidence of testicular tumors has not been verified. However, recently three cases of seminoma have been described in men prenatally exposed to DES, suggesting an association of prenatal DES treatment and the subsequent development of testicular tumors. This report describes the treatment of outbred pregnant CD-1 mice with DES (100 micrograms/kg) on Days 9 through 16 of gestation and its effects on their male offspring. In addition to nonmalignant abnormalities such as retained testes which have been reported in men exposed prenatally to DES, lesions resembling adenocarcinoma of the rete testis were seen in prenatally DES-treated mice at 10 to 18 mo of age (11 of 233; 5%). No comparable lesions were seen in 96 age-matched control male mice. These results suggest an association of prenatal DES exposure and the subsequent development of testicular lesions in the rete testis of mice.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Intrascrotal adenomatoid tumors.

Adenomatoid tumors are regarded as uncommon neoplasms of the paratesticular tissues, probably of mesothelial origin. The majority of cases reported have involved the epididymis. We report our experience with 8 cases of testicular tumors and 11 of epididymal adenomatoid tumors during a 13-year period, and review the relevant literature. The incidence of adenomatoid tumors relative to all tumors in the testis was 6.9% (8 of 116), exceeding that of Leydig cell tumors, which were previously believed to be the most common benign testicular neoplasms. The adenomatoid tumors included 38% epididymal tumors (11 of 29). The clinical course of the tumors was benign, without recurrences. Local excision is regarded as the treatment of choice for epididymal and testicular adenomatoid tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Sex cord tumour of the adult testis.

Sex cord stromal tumors are rare and account for approximately 6% of all testicular neoplasms. We report a case of sex cord tumor composed of granulosa cells and Sertoli cells in the adult testis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Association of Down's syndrome and testicular cancer.

PURPOSE: We present additional clinical evidence for the suspected association of Down's syndrome and testicular germ cell tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four cases of Down's syndrome and testicular cancer are reported. The literature was reviewed for previous cases and analysis regarding common features. RESULTS: The 4 patients were 29 to 35 years old and had clinical stage I seminoma of the testis. Two patients received prophylactic abdominal radiotherapy, 1 is being followed and 1 received adjuvant carboplatin treatment. There was no relapse at followup of 1 to 8 years. One patient also had contralateral cryptorchidism. A total of 16 cases with the association of Down's syndrome and testicular germ cell cancer was documented previously. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for the suspected association of Down's syndrome and testicular cancer is now accumulating. Etiologically it is suspected that, along with genetically determined malformations in many other organs in trisomy 21, the gonads also undergo maldevelopment, thus creating the conditions for step 1 of germ cell tumor oncogenesis in utero. Physicians caring for patients with Down's syndrome should be aware of the possible association with testicular neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Case report: primary carcinoid tumor of the testicle without metastases in combination with testicular atrophy and testosterone deficiency.

The first case of testicular carcinoid was represented as an element of a benign cystic teratoma by Simon et al. J Urol 1954; 72: 892-894. It is a rare disease accounting for less than 1% of all testicular neoplasms. We report a case of carcinoid of the testis without carcinoid syndrome and metastasis but with testosterone deficiency based on a bilateral testicular atrophy, which has not been previously reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Testicular adnexal fibrous pseudotumors.

Fibrous pseudotumors of the testicular adnexae presenting clinically as a testicular malignancy are uncommon. Although fibrous pseudotumors are benign, they are usually diagnosed after radical orchiectomy. Radical orchiectomy occasionally may be avoided if this benign process is considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographic testicular microlithiasis as an indicator of premalignant conditions in normal and infertile men.

Sonographic detection of multiple, small hyperechogenic lesions in the testis (testicular microlithiasis; TM) can indicate germ cell tumors. However, it has not been well established whether this finding signifies a risk factor for development of testicular neoplasm in all cases or whether it indicates premalignant changes only in those men with additional risk factors for germ cell cancer, such as infertility, a history of testicular maldescent, or the presence of an atrophic testis. In a retrospective analysis of 1701 consecutively performed scrotal sonographies of patients with (n = 1399) and without (n = 219) infertility or with contralateral testicular tumors (n = 83), the prevalence of TM was compared with that in 198 healthy men who volunteered for different clinical trials. TM was equally frequent in all groups (2.3% [32/1399] of infertile patients, 2.3% [5/219] of other patients without infertility, and 1.5% [3/198] of healthy men). Results of testicular biopsies were available for a subgroup of infertile men. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) was present only in cases with TM (2/11). In addition, sonographic follow-up examinations were performed in another 14 men with TM. Testicular tumors had developed in 2 patients, one whom was infertile and one in the control group. None of these patients had a history of testicular maldescent but all testes affected either by CIS or tumors were reduced in volume. We conclude that diagnosis of TM, especially if it is present in an atrophic testis, demands a diagnostic biopsy or at least sonographic follow-up examinations.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1988

Impalpable testicular tumors diagnosed by scrotal ultrasonography.

Intrascrotal masses can be identified with a high degree of accuracy using scrotal ultrasonography. Ultrasound, however, is useful to identify occult and incidental testicular neoplasms, too. We report 2 cases of impalpable incidental testis germ cell tumors diagnosed by routine scrotal ultrasonography. One of the 2 patients had an incidental sequential second primary testicular germ cell tumor in the palpably normal testis, identified by routine follow-up ultrasound three months after contralateral radical orchiectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Time trends in accuracy of classification of testicular tumours, with clinical and epidemiological implications.

Initial classifications of 1009 testicular tumours were reviewed as part of a population based survey of all testicular neoplasms in Victoria, Australia, between 1950 and 1978. All reviews were made by one of two pathologists at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, using the system of the British Testicular Tumour Panel. Accuracy of diagnosis varied markedly over the time period and with pathological category. Seven cases were initially designated malignancies but were determined to be non-malignant conditions upon review. In each decade, review reduced the proportion of seminomas and increased the proportion of non-seminoma germ cell tumours (NSGCT) and non germ cell tumours. Reclassification resulted in changed age specific incidences of seminoma and NSGCT, most noticeably in 1950-59. Trends in age standardised incidence of seminoma and NSGCT were not affected by reclassification although the values were. The trend in age standardised incidence of non germ cell tumours was affected by reclassification. The implications of the changes in classification for epidemiological studies and clinical management are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Testicular involvement in the retroperitoneal fibrosis syndrome.

A case of retroperitoneal fibrosis involving the testicle is presented. The widespread extent of the retroperitoneal fibrosis syndrome is reviewed briefly. The literature contains little information concerning the aetiology of testicular involvement in the disease process, which generally affects the para-aortic tissues. The physical signs mimic testicular neoplasm. A common embryological derivation of the tissues affected is postulated.

Adult↗