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PubMed1981

Factors affecting sperm motility. V. Washing and resuspension of human spermatozoa in various artificial media.

Fresh semen specimens from fertile donors were subjected to one-step and two-step washings in six various commonly used artificial media. It was found that washing procedures per se, in most cases, had an immediate and extended harmful effect on sperm motility which was much more prominent after the second washing. However, human albumin, when added, could usually protect spermatozoa from this deleterious effect. None of the tested media showed any stimulatory or "revitalization" effect, and the increase in sperm velocity after one washing in some of these media was attributed to a simple decrease in viscosity of the original seminal fluid. The possible mechanism of the deleterious effect of sperm washings as related to the property of the medium and some implications for practical clinical and research studies are discussed.

Humans↗

PubMed1995

Eosinophil cationic protein in serum and nasal washes from wheezing infants and children.

OBJECTIVE: To compare eosinophil counts and concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in serum and nasal wash fluid from wheezing infants and children with those from age-matched children without respiratory tract symptoms. DESIGN: A case-control study of 71 children treated for wheezing and 59 control subjects in the University of Virginia Pediatric Emergency Department. The patients ranged from 2 months to 16 years of age. Eosinophil numbers and ECP concentrations were assessed in serum and nasal washes. Total serum IgE was measured and the radioallergosorbent test was used to measure IgE antibody to common inhalant allergens. RESULTS: Among children less than the age of 2 years, markedly elevated levels of ECP (> 200 ng/ml) were measured in nasal washes from 9 (41%) of 22 wheezing patients and 1 (6%) of 17 control subjects (p < 0.03). None of these children had a positive radioallergosorbent test result for IgE antibody to common aeroallergens or a nasal smear containing 10% eosinophils. Few of the wheezing children under 2 years of age had either increased concentrations of total IgE or ECP in their serum or an elevated total blood eosinophil count. After the age of 2 years, the percentage of patients with nasal ECP levels greater than 200 ng/ml was also significantly higher in wheezing children than in control subjects (p < 0.001), and a positive correlation was observed between ECP concentrations in their nasal washes and other eosinophil responses (total blood eosinophil counts, serum ECP levels, and nasal eosinophil counts). CONCLUSION: Increased concentrations of ECP were detected in nasal washes from wheezing infants and children, indicating that eosinophils may contribute to the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in some children who wheeze early in life.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Bladder wash cytology, quantitative cytology, and the qualitative BTA test in patients with superficial bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Two new methods for the detection of transitional tumor cells in bladder wash (karyometry: QUANTICYT) and voided urine material (BARD BTA test) were compared with bladder wash cytology for the prediction of histology and tumor recurrence. METHODS: Bladder wash material and voided urine were sampled from 138 patients. Bladder wash karyometric (BWK) image analysis and the BTA test were applied. A subsequent urethrocystoscopy was performed and a bladder tumor, when present, was resected. Moreover, each patient was followed for tumor recurrence and progression. RESULTS: Sensitivities for the detection of tumors were 34.4%, 44.8%, and 69.0% for the BTA test, bladder wash cytology (BWC), and BWK, respectively (BTA versus BWC, P = 0.64; BTA versus BWK, P = 0.0002; BWC versus BWK, P = 0.0001, using the McNemar test). Specificities for the different tests were 81.3%, 92.5%, and 72.5%, respectively (BTA versus BWC, P = 0.096; BTA versus BWK, P = 0.031; BWC versus BWK, P = 0.001, using the McNemar test). Combinations of tests did not result in better prediction of the presence of tumor. Sensitivity of carcinoma in situ for the three tests was 0 of 3, 3 of 3, and 3 of 3, respectively. Follow-up analysis after a negative cystoscopy revealed comparable predictive values for BWC and BWK. CONCLUSIONS: The BTA test may be useful for patients with recurrent, low-grade papillary lesions. However, sensitivity for detection of these lesions, although higher than that for BWC, was only 42.9%. The highest specificity was found for BWC; however, this was accompanied by the lowest sensitivity of all three tests. The lower specificity of BWK was accompanied by a better prediction of tumor recurrence after a normal urethrocystoscopy. BWK is particularly sensitive for the recurrence of high-grade bladder lesions.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗

PubMed1995

Cat shedding of Fel d I is not reduced by washings, Allerpet-C spray, or acepromazine.

BACKGROUND: No published studies have compared the effectiveness of several treatments proposed to reduce cat allergenicity. Cat washing studies demonstrating efficacy involved very small sample sizes or infrequent washings. Allerpet-C (Allerpet, Inc., New York, N.Y.), a widely advertised topical spray, and acepromazine, a tranquilizer advocated as efficacious in subsedating doses, have never been scientifically studied. OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of cat washing, Allerpet-C spray, and acepromazine with that of no treatment on the shedding of the primary cat allergen, Felis domesticus I by cats. METHODS: In a blinded, comparative, controlled study, we measured the amounts of Fel d I shed during an 8-week treatment period with a sample of 24 female mongrel cats randomly assigned to four groups; one group received weekly distilled water washings, one received weekly Allerpet-C spray applications, one received daily oral acepromazine, and one had no treatment (control). Thirty-minute, twice-weekly air samples were collected from each cat with a laminated plastic-acrylic chamber and air sampler. RESULTS: One-sample, two-sided t tests comparing baseline to final-week measurements revealed no significant change in Fel d I within each group (mean change +/- SD: washing; 487.6 +/- 1896.4 mU per 30 minutes, p = 0.63; Allerpet-C spray, 429.2 +/- 871.6 mU per 30 minutes, p = 0.46 acepromazine; -620.6 +/- 1031.2, p = 0.52 per 30 minutes). Furthermore, analysis of covariance revealed no significant change in Fel d I levels between groups (p = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS: Out data do not show significant reductions in Fel d I shedding as a result of any of these treatments. Therefore we cannot recommend them to patients allergic to cats.

Acepromazine↗

PubMed1998

Washing and trypsin treatment of in vitro derived bovine embryos exposed to bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Gametes, somatic cells and materials of animal origin in media are potential sources for introducing bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) into systems for production of IVF bovine embryos. Further, the efficacy of washing and trypsin treatment for removal of BVDV from IVF embryos is questionable. Washing and trypsin treatments recommended by the International Embryo Transfer Society for in vivo-derived embryos were applied to in vitro-derived, virus-exposed, bovine embryos in this side-by-side comparison of treatments. Embryos for the study were produced in a virus-free system in which follicular oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro and presumptive zygotes were co-cultured with bovine uterine tubal cells for 7 d. A total of 18 trials was performed, 9 using a noncytopathic BVDV and 9 using a cytopathic BVDV. In each trial, 4 equal groups of 10 or less, zona pellucida-intact embryos/ova were assembled, including 2 groups of morulae and blastocysts (M/B) and 2 groups of nonfertile or degenerated ova (NFD). Each group was prewashed and exposed to 10(4) to 10(6) TCID50/mL of either noncytopathic (SD-1) or cytopathic (NADL) BVDV for 2 h. Following in vitro viral exposure, one group of M/B and one group of NFD were washed. The other groups of M/B and NFD were trypsin-treated. Both treatments were consistent with IETS guidelines. After in vitro exposure to noncytopathic BVDV and washing, viral assays of 100% (9/9) and 78% (7/9) of the groups of M/B and NFD ova, respectively, were positive. After in vitro exposure to cytopathic BVDV and washing, viral assay of 33% (3/9) of the groups of both M/B and NFD ova were positive. After in vitro exposure to noncytopathic BVDV and trypsin treatment, viral assay of 44% (4/9) of groups of M/B and 67% (6/9) of groups of NFD ova were positive. Finally, after in vitro exposure to cytopathic BVDV and trypsin treatment, viral assay of 22% (2/9) of the groups of M/B and 44% (4/9) of the groups of NFD ova were positive. Contingency table analysis, in which data was stratified by embryo type and virus biotype, was used to compare results. While a difference existed between results of the 2 treatments of groups of M/B within the noncytopathic biotype (P = 0.01, Mantel Haenszel Chi-square), no difference was observed between comparison of treatment between all groups in both biotypes (P > 0.05).

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Disposal of MSWI fly ash through a combined washing-immobilisation process.

The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of a combined washing-immobilisation process as a means of optimising the disposal of fly ash resulting from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) in cementitious matrices. Two different types of Italian MSWI fly ash and an ordinary Portland cement (ASTM Type I) were used. Washing pre-treatment of fly ash with water always produces a wastewater that can be successfully treated by reducing the pH to values of 6.5-7.5. This treatment is capable of removing the detected contaminants (Al, Cd, Pb, Zn) through two different mechanisms: precipitation of aluminium hydroxide and adsorption of cadmium, lead and zinc ions onto floc particles of Al(OH)(3). Setting and leaching tests on cementitious mixes prove that the hazardous sludge produced from wastewater treatment can be completely mixed with washed fly ash and this mixture can be incorporated into cementitious matrices to a great extent (75 wt.% of total solid) without the risks of an unacceptable delay of cement setting and an excessive heavy metals leachability from solidified products. The better performance of the combined washing-immobilisation process as compared to the immobilisation process of unwashed fly ash may be ascribed primarily to the ability of the washing step in promoting the formation of hydrate phases that incorporate and/or convert heavy metal compounds into less reactive forms and, secondarily, to its ability of removing significant amounts of alkali chlorides and sulphates from fly ash. As a result, MSWI fly ash is transformed into a material that adversely affects cement hydration to a much lower extent than unwashed fly ash.

Carbon↗

PubMed1999

Laboratory treatability testing of soils contaminated with lead and PCBs using particle-size separation and soil washing.

A soil treatability study was conducted using particle-size separation and soil washing to reduce the volume of material contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and lead at a Superfund site. Soil washing using surfactant was effective at removing 95% of PCBs into fine material and residual wash water. Results indicate that almost 80% of the material contaminated with up to 140 mg/kg PCBs could be treated to concentrations below 10 mg/kg using soil washing with surfactant. There did not appear to be a difference in lead removal using either particle size separation or soil washing, although the lead data have high uncertainty because of soil heterogeneity. Lead concentrations in soil were reduced from as high as 1700 to < or =150 mg/kg and from 560 to < or =220 mg/kg in about half of the material using particle size separation.

Decontamination↗

PubMed2003

The alerting effects of caffeine, bright light and face washing after a short daytime nap.

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined whether the combination of a short daytime nap with caffeine, bright light and face washing was effective against mid-afternoon sleepiness. METHODS: Ten young healthy adults participated in 5 experimental conditions; those experiments were-Nap only: taking a 20 min nap; Caffeine+Nap: taking 200 mg of caffeine followed by a nap; Nap+Bright-light: being exposed to 2000 lx of bright light for 1 min immediately after napping; Nap+Face-washing: washing their faces immediately after napping; and No-Nap: taking a rest without sleep. These naps were taken at 12:40 hours. The subjects engaged in computer tasks for 15 min before napping and for 1 h after napping. RESULTS: Caffeine+Nap was the most effective for subjective sleepiness and performance level; its effects lasted throughout 1 h after napping. Nap+Bright-light was comparable with Caffeine+Nap, except for performance level. Nap+Face-washing showed mild and transient effects, however, it suppressed subjective sleepiness immediately after napping. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of a short nap against mid-afternoon sleepiness could be enhanced by combining caffeine intake, exposure to bright light, or face washing. SIGNIFICANCE: The present study would provide effective countermeasures against mid-afternoon sleepiness and sleepiness related accidents.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Deoxyhemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation in washed fish muscle.

Deoxyhemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation was studied by comparing the pro-oxidative activity of anodic and cathodic hemoglobins from trout in a washed cod muscle model system. At pH 6.3, cathodic hemoglobins were nearly fully oxygenated while anodic hemoglobins were poorly oxygenated. Anodic hemoglobins initiated lipid oxidation in washed cod muscle much more rapidly than cathodic hemoglobins, as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation. Moreover, anodic hemoglobins appeared to oxidize more rapidly as compared to cathodic hemoglobins in the washed cod muscle model system, as measured by a decrease in redness (a value). A more pronounced pro-oxidative activity of deoxyhemoglobin as compared to oxyhemoglobin was confirmed by accelerated lipid hydroperoxide and TBARS formation in the washed cod muscle model system upon combined addition of anodic hemoglobins and adenosine triphosphate, which is known to lower the oxygenation of anodic hemoglobins at pH 7.2, as compared to only addition of anodic hemoglobins to the washed cod muscle. These studies suggest that deoxyhemoglobin is more pro-oxidative than its oxygenated counterpart at pH values found in postmortem fish muscle.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Effect of wash water temperature and chlorination on phenolic metabolism and browning of stored iceberg lettuce photosynthetic and vascular tissues.

Cut tissues from distinct anatomical locations in iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were subjected to washing in cold (4 degrees C) and warm (47 degrees C) water with or without chlorine to assess their propensity to discoloration during storage. Total protein (Bradford method) and phenolic (TPH; Folin-Ciocalteu method) contents and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; spectrophotometric method using catechol as a substrate), peroxidase (POD; guaiacol substrate), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; phenylalanine substrate) activities were determined in photosynthetic and vascular tissue from outer and inner leaves. Unprocessed photosynthetic and inner leaf tissues had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of protein and TPH and PPO and POD activities than vascular and outer leaf tissues. PAL activities (on a fresh weight basis) were similar in all tissues. Changes in browning (light reflectance measurement) and phenolic metabolism in all four tissue types were observed during aerobic storage at 5 degrees C over 10 days. PAL activity increased in all tissues after 1-2 days of storage and then gradually decreased. POD activity also increased steadily for the storage duration. Protein content and PPO activity remained constant. Edge browning (measured with a Minolta Chroma Meter) and TPH increased in all tissues, especially in outer vascular tissue. Cut photosynthetic and vascular tissues washed at 4 and 47 degrees C with and without 100 microg mL(-1) chlorine for 3 min were analyzed during 7 days in storage at 5 degrees C. Enzyme activities and accumulation of phenolics in all tissues washed at 47 degrees C were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared to controls or tissues washed at 4 degrees C. Chlorine had no additional effect at 47 degrees C but significantly (P < 0.05) reduced browning and accumulation of phenolics in lettuce washed at 4 degrees C. These results showed that inherent differences between tissues affect phenolic metabolism and browning in stored, fresh-cut lettuce.

Catechol Oxidase↗

PubMed2003

Procedure for the measurement of soil inputs of plant-protection agents washed off through vineyard canopy by rainfall.

Soil inputs produced by rainfall waters washed off through a Ribeiro vineyard (Galicia, northwestern Spain) confirmed that levels recovered are <5% of the added fungicides. Laboratory studies showed that some fungicides were degraded in the ODS cartridge used for the collection of fungicides washed off by rainfall. Procymidone wash-off data obtained in the vineyard can be explained by a first-order rate mass transfer model. A procedure for the collection of wash-off waters based on octadecylsilane solid phase extraction, followed by an analytical method of reverse-phase liquid chromatography with diode array detection is presented for the evaluation of fungicide inputs into soils after being washed off vineyards by rainfalls. Quality parameters of the analytical method yielded good precision (RSD < 10%) and low detection limits (ranging between 1 and 21 microg/L).

Bridged Bicyclo Compounds↗

PubMed2004

Effect of different washing procedures on phenolic metabolism of shredded, packaged iceberg lettuce during storage.

Different washing treatments applying chlorinated, ozonated, and tap water were examined for their effect on the phenolic metabolism of minimally processed iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) during storage in consumer-sized bags at 4 degrees C for up to 9 days. To eliminate problems associated with raw material inhomogeneity, processing was conducted on a pilot-plant scale under operating conditions of industrial practice. Inherent product heterogeneity caused by diverse lettuce leaf tissues was compensated for by pooling large-sized samples, and frequent sampling ensured significant data about the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD), as well as the contents of caffeic acid derivatives over storage time. In the homogeneous lettuce samples, specific responses caused by different washing procedures were detectable. PAL activity in the samples increased for up to 5-8 days of storage. Compared to tap and ozonated water, the use of chlorinated water (100-200 mg/L free chlorine) for washing trimmed heads or shredded lettuce significantly reduced PAL activity and the concomitant rise of 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (isochlorogenic acid isomer) concentrations. The phenolic acids O-caffeoyltartaric (caftaric acid), di-O-caffeoyltartaric (chicoric acid), 5-O-caffeoylquinic (chlorogenic acid isomer), and O-caffeoylmalic were less influenced by different washing treatments. Individual contents either were constant or decreased during storage. Additionally, the novel finding of a further caffeic acid isomer, tentatively identified as meso-di-O-caffeoyltartaric acid, is reported. PPO and POD activities were less affected by different washing treatments and thus were less suitable physiological indicators of stress reactions triggered by alternative processing.

Caffeic Acids↗

PubMed2005

Upstaging based solely on positive peritoneal washing does not affect outcome in endometrial cancer.

Surgical staging of endometrial carcinoma includes the collection of peritoneal washings in the abdomen and pelvis. A positive finding upstages patients to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIA. However, the prognostic significance of such an upstaging, and thus the justification for the routine performance of this procedure, is unclear. This 5-year retrospective study was conducted to determine the frequency and prognostic significance of upstaging of endometrial carcinoma based solely on positive washings. The cohort for the study was collected by review of pathology reports of all washings that were performed prior to hysterectomies for suspected endometrial carcinomas over a 5-year period (01/1995-12/1999). Cases with positive cytology were selected if there was no grossly apparent intraperitoneal disease, no histologic evidence of extra-uterine tumor and the cases would otherwise have been considered stage I or II (case group). An age-matched control group was selected of stage I and II patients with the same histologic subtypes and negative washings (n=19). Of 220 endometrial carcinomas, peritoneal washing cytology was abnormal in 19 (8.6%) and was solely responsible for upstaging only 10 patients (4.5% of all cases, eight-endometrioid, one-serous, one-mixed; nine stage IA or IB and one stage IIB). Adjuvant therapy was administered in 90% of the case group and 74% of the control group. After a median follow-up of 51 months (case group) and 63 months (control group), we found only a single patient with progression of disease (recurrence, metastases or death) in the control group. It is concluded that abnormal cytology without other evidence of extrauterine disease leads to upstaging of a minority of endometrial carcinoma patients (4.5%), but does not appear to affect their overall outcome. Although this is a small single site study, it raises questions about the value of this procedure in patients with endometrial cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1973

Dietary protein intake and skeletal-muscle protein metabolism in rats. Studies with the ammonium chloride-wash fraction from crude polyribosomes of well-nourished and protein-depleted rats.

1. Crude polyribosomes from skeletal muscle of the hind leg of rats fed on a low-protein diet for 10 days are less active in cell-free protein synthesis than are polyribosomes obtained from well-nourished control rats. 2. The polyribosomes were salt-washed (0.5m-NH(4)Cl) and the wash extract was examined for its amino acid incorporating activity and for EF (elongation factor) 1 and EF 2 activities. 3. Compared with preparations from control rats, the salt-wash fraction from protein-depleted rats was less active and showed lower EF 1 and EF 2 activity. 4. The ribosomes were rendered equal in activity by salt-washing, but no inhibitor was detected in the salt wash. 5. Differences in the incorporating activity of crude polyribosomes from the diet groups persisted in the presence of saturating amounts of partially purified EF 1 and EF 2. 6. It is concluded that the lowered protein-synthetic activity of crude polyribosomes caused by restricted protein intake is not causally related to the lower activities of EF 1 and EF 2 in the polyribosome preparations. 7. The possible nature of the change in crude polyribosome activity due to low-protein feeding is discussed.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2004

The effect of washing water on bonding to etched enamel.

There is current concern about bacterial contamination of dental unit waterlines. This research hypothesized that the presence of increasing concentrations of bacteria in water used to wash etched enamel would result in a corresponding decrease in both shear bond strength (SBS) and critical surface tension (gammaC) of enamel. A further hypothesis was made that there is a correlation between SBS and gammaC. The effect of 3.5 ppm iodine in the water as a bacteriostatic agent was also assessed. Five groups of 10 samples of bovine enamel were etched, washed, and a resin composite bonded to them. The control group was washed with distilled water. Another group was washed with the dilute iodine solution. The remaining three groups used a different concentration of Escherichia coli DH5alpha as follows (in cfu mL(-1)): group 1: 10(2); group 2: 10(4); group 3: 10(6). Shear bond strength data were measured on an Instron testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm min(-1). Adhesion data were (MPa): control: 24.6 +/- 6.0; with iodine: 20.8 +/- 2.7; group 1: 19.8 +/- 2.7; group 2: 13.5 +/- 3.0; group 3: 13.9 +/- 3.6. The F-test yielded a highly significant difference between control group, iodine group and group 1, compared with groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.0001). Tukey's Studentized Range Test was used for pairwise comparison testing between groups. Using a Cahn dynamic contact angle analyzer and linear regression analysis, the plots of surface tension versus costheta were extrapolated to costheta = 1 to give gammaC data for the control group and groups 1-3. In all cases reasonable linearity was observed (r2 > or = 0.87). Data (mN m(-1)) were: control group: 50.8; group 1: 45.1; group 2: 43.2; group 3: 39.5. The SBS and gammaC were then plotted against each other and linear regression analysis performed. It was concluded that increasing concentrations of bacteria in wash water decreased both SBS and gammaC and that a linear correlation (R2 = 0.84) was found between the values of these two parameters.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMed1998

IgA content of washed red blood cell concentrates.

Saline-washed red blood cell (RBC) concentrates are largely depleted of leukocytes, microaggregates, and nearly of all plasma originally contained in the blood unit. Our aim was to determine the concentration of the eliminated IgA and total protein in the buffy coat and plasma removed RBC concentrate before and after a sequential dilution-centrifugation washing procedure, 75.3% protein, and 99% IgA were eliminated by the washing process used. The recovery of red blood cells was 87.2%. Our results have led to the conclusion that two sequential washings seem to guarantee an IgA level of less than 0.2 mg/unit to meet the recommendations of the Council of Europe. Additional advantages of washing include low levels of extracellular hemoglobin, metabolic waste products and debris in the supernatant.

Blood Component Removal↗

PubMed2002

Exposure to non-acid fresh meat decontamination washing fluids sensitizes Escherichia coli O157:H7 to organic acids.

AIMS: To investigate whether Escherichia coli O157:H7 maintains acid tolerance in water meat decontamination washing fluids. METHODS AND RESULTS: A rifampicin-resistant derivative of E. coli O157:H7 strain ATCC 43895 was inoculated (10(5) cfu ml(-1)) in spray-washings from meat sprayed with cold (10 degrees C) or hot (85 degrees C) water, stored at 10 degrees C for up to 14 days, and its acid tolerance was assessed at 2 and 8 days by exposure to broth or new washings adjusted to pH 3.5 or 3.7 with lactic or acetic acid. The pathogen survived in the water washings, but it was outgrown by the natural, Pseudomonas-like flora, and it was sensitized to acid. CONCLUSIONS: The acid tolerance of E. coli O157:H7 decreases following exposure to non-acid, but otherwise stressful, conditions prevailing in water meat washings at 10 degrees C. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These findings suggest that the more intense use of water-based technologies should be included in meat decontamination strategies because they may contribute to enhanced meat safety by inducing acid sensitization in E. coli O157:H7.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

IgG antibodies against human papillomavirus type 16 E7 proteins in cervicovaginal washing fluid from patients with cervical neoplasia.

Little information is available about the cervicovaginal mucosal antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) proteins. In this study specific IgG antibodies against HPV 16 E7 protein were determined in paired samples of cervicovaginal washing fluid and serum from patients with cervical cancer (n = 22), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (n = 38), healthy individuals (n = 22), and serum from children (n = 41) by a radioactive immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA). HPV 16 E7 specific IgG antibodies were found in cervicovaginal washings (n = 8) and in sera (n = 8) of the patients with cervical cancer. About 60% of the patients with HPV 16 positive cervical cancer had HPV 16 E7 specific IgG antibodies. Titration studies showed that the IgG antibody reactivity in cervicovaginal washings was higher than in the paired serum samples of six patients with cervical cancer (P < 0.001). In the CIN group we found no IgG reactivity in the serum, but in five patients we found a low IgG reactivity in the cervicovaginal washings. No IgG reactivity was found in cervicovaginal washings and sera from healthy individuals and sera from children. HPV 16 E7 specific IgG antibodies seem to be locally produced in a number of patients with HPV 16 positive (pre)malignant cervical lesions. For more definitive evidence for the local production of these antibodies immunostaining should be performed to demonstrate the presence of specific anti-HPV 16 E7 IgG producing plasma cells in the cervical epithelium.

Journal Article↗