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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Compatibility analysis of material and energy recovery in a regional solid waste management system.

The rising prices of raw materials and concerns about energy conservation have resulted in an increasing interest in the simultaneous recovery of materials and energy from waste streams. Compatibility exists for several economic, environmental, and managerial reasons. Installing an on-site or off-site presorting facility before an incinerator could be a feasible alternative to achieve both goals if household recycling programs cannot succeed in local communities. However, the regional impacts of presorting solid waste on a waste-to-energy facility remain unclear because of the inherent complexity of solid waste compositions and properties over different areas. This paper applies a system-based approach to assess the impact of installing a refuse-derived fuel (RDF) process before an incinerator. Such an RDF process, consisting of standard unit operations of shredding, magnetic separation, trommel screening, and air classification, might be useful for integrating the recycling and presorting efforts for a large-scale municipal incinerator from a regional sense. An optimization modeling analysis is performed to characterize such integration potential so that the optimal size of the RDF process and associated shipping patterns for flow control can be foreseen. It aims at exploring how the waste inflows with different rates of generation, physical and chemical compositions, and heating values collected from differing administrative districts can be processed by either a centralized presorting facility or an incinerator to meet both the energy recovery and throughput requirements. A case study conducted in Taipei County, which is one of the most densely populated metropolitan areas in Taiwan, further confirms the application potential of such a cost-benefit analysis.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2001

The use of a multimedia risk analysis approach in designing waste management strategies.

A pollution source may release residuals to any of several environmental media, depending on the process design and control strategies. These residuals then are subject to transfer, transport, and transformation within the interconnected compartments of the environmental system. The exposure and susceptibility of people and other receptors to pollutants are different in these various media, and so that risks imposed will vary according to the fate of the pollutants in the system. Because of interactions between compartments in the system, a single-medium approach to environmental management that mitigates problems in one environmental medium at a time independently of risk through other media may not minimize the aggregate risk a receptor receives from all pathways. Alternatively, a multimedia approach advocates focusing on the full environmental system providing pathways for exposure and selecting risk management strategies based on minimization of the aggregate and cumulative risk from all pathways and all compounds. This study combines multimedia risk analysis and an optimization framework to examine a methodology for selecting waste treatment/disposal and pollution control measures, applies the methodology to a sludge management decision problem, and considers the implications for continued use of single-medium analyses.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1999

[Comparative studies of airborne, cultivatable microorganisms at selected sites of waste managements, domestic animal husbandry and in the surrounding residential area].

During the last years, sampling of airborne microorganisms (including mesophilic bacteria, moulds, thermophilic bacteria and A. fumigatus) in waste disposal, recycling industry and control sampling locations in the urban and rural districts of Graz was conducted using Andersen 6-stage viable cascade impactors. In the present study additional sampling in livestock buildings has been conducted. Except mesophilic bacteria the emission in the area of waste disposal and recycling industry was significantly higher than in livestock buildings. In the surroundings of the livestock buildings the number of microorganisms was not increased, while the normal background level in the surroundings of the waste proceeding plants was reached from a distance of 150 to 300 meters.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1982

Hazardous waste management program: phase I interim authorization for Nebraska--Environmental Protection Agency, region VII. Phase I interim authorization.

The State of Nebraska has applied for interim authorization of its hazardous waste program under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and EPA guidelines for the approval of State hazardous waste programs [40 CFR Part 123]. EPA has determined that the State's program meets all applicable statutory and regulatory requirements and is granting Phase I interim authorization to Nebraska to operate in its jurisdiction a hazardous waste program in lieu of Phase I of the Federal hazardous waste program.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1985

Treatment, waste management and cost for removal of radioactivity from drinking water.

The processes (costs, efficiencies and reliability) used in treating drinking water for removal of radioactive contaminants and the disposal of wastes generated by the treatment processes are analyzed and discussed. The study was limited to U, Ra and Rn. Initially concepts of water and waste treatment in terms of their applicability to the drinking water industry were established. The alternative processes for treatment of Ra, U, Rn, water and sludges were described and evaluated, in terms of cost, efficiency, reliability, process control and feasibility.

Adsorption↗