PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Working Conditions”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A systematic approach to optimum working conditions with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

Optimum experimental factors were determined for the analytical determination of Al, Cd, Fe, Pb, and Zn by ICP atomic emission spectrometry. Based on systematically determined factor levels, working conditions were found that gave similar, and sometimes better results compared with the hitherto used levels of factors. All measurements were performed with a sampling time of 150 ms as often used in routine analysis in the laboratory. This optimization resulted in a reduced outer plasma gas flow from 15 L/min argon to 12 L/min without any relevant changes of the achievable detection limits. A serious problem was that only one analytical line of Al could be used. A comparison with the lower limit of application (comparable with the detection limit) from German directive DIN 38406, part 22 ([1]), showed that the detection limits of Al and Fe are superior, whereas for Cd there was only little improvement. The detection limits of Zn and especially Pb are always higher than the lower range of application under these conditions. Therefore, the use of two device-parameter sets for hard and soft lines, respectively, is strongly suggested. Maps with the observed signal-to-noise-ratios were systematically acquired for each element analyzed in connection with different strategies for optimum search. mon compromise condition (combined analysis) and the limits of quantification demanded in the German directive DIN 38406, part 22 [1]. Only four, but the most important, experimental factors were changed, the other experimental factors were always kept constant (Tables 1 and 2).

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Working conditions and morbidity among workers engaged in the production of vegetable oil].

A hygienic model for controlling some indices of their health is scientifically substantiated on the basis of the data of sanitary evaluation of working conditions and those of study of morbidity with temporary disability in workers engaged at the vegetable oil-producing enterprises. The practical use of a package of preventive and health-promoting measures caused a 7.2-30.8% reduction in the incidence of diseases with temporary disability in the workers.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1992

Working conditions of British resident hospital oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

The aim of this study was to determine the opinions of on-call senior house officers in British oral and maxillo-facial surgery, or related units, about aspects of their working conditions. Despite concern about the conditions of service of junior hospital staff in other clinical specialties, the results suggest that most senior house officers in this discipline are satisfied with their present posts. However, regular review of their conditions of service is still indicated.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

[Physiologic and hygienic characteristics of work conditions of miners in the Far North].

Workers engaged into subsurface extraction of sand containing gold were proved to work in difficult conditions characterized by stable negative temperatures, high concentrations of dust, elevated levels of noise and vibration. The drill operators demonstrated extremely unfavorable changes of physiologic processes within a shift. Those changes were compromised cardiovascular regulation, early occurrence and intensive progress of fatigue. The authors provide recommendations to normalize the work conditions and to create rational scheme of work and rest for the occupations.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Terrestrial and sub aquatic apneic bradycardial responses under resting and working conditions.

Morphology normalised (BSA; stature) vital capacity was used to divide a sample of 13 young adult female volunteers into two groups based on lung volume. The apneic (breath-hold) heart rate response under resting and working conditions, on land and underwater, was measured. Four conditions were imposed, during which continuous monitoring of heart-rate was undertaken: resting on land, resting underwater, swimming unconstrained underwater, carrying bricks underwater. In all conditions a significant bradycardial response was exhibited (p less than 0.05), with heart rates also significantly lower for the group with larger lung volumes. No differences were found between the groups in ratings of perceived exertion during breath-hold. We contend that the lower heart rates in the group with larger lung volumes may be caused by higher negative intrathoracic pressure which, by stimulation of baroreceptors leads to a more pronounced reflex slowing of the heart rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of working conditions on myocardial contractility in tube-rolling mill workers].

Tetrapolar rheography, M-echocardiography and visual searching ++Doppler echocardiography were used to study the state of the myocardium in 228 practically healthy male workers engaged in different working conditions at a tube-rolling mill. Revealed were increased myocardium and myocardium contraction disorders resulting from physical over-load in combination with heating microclimate and noise. The contributors proposed approaches to the preclinical diagnosis of such changes, which could be applied to the elaboration of preventive measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Recombination and transport processes in dye-sensitized solar cells investigated under working conditions.

The transport and recombination of electrons in dye-sensitized TiO(2) solar cells were studied by analysis of the current and voltage response to a small square-wave light-intensity modulation. Solar cells were studied under working conditions by using potentiostatic and galvanostatic conditions. An increase in applied voltage, that is, from 0 V toward open-circuit voltage, was found to lead to faster electron transport at low light intensities, while it slowed transport at higher light intensities. This observation seems to be conflicting with the multiple trapping model with diffusive transport. An effective diffusion length at the maximum power point was calculated, and it was shown that it decreases with increasing light intensity.

Letter↗
PubMed1994

[The evaluation of the working conditions and the characteristics of the prevalence of vibration-induced disease among miners in the Far North].

The article covers the data of physiologic and hygienic evaluation of vibration disease prevalence among miners of Far North and evaluation of their work conditions. The authors compare effects of local vibration on miners in the mines with negative ambient temperatures during the year and in those with the low positive temperatures. The negative temperatures and local vibration appeared to disorder formation of specific physiologic response to the stated factors. The data presented cover prevalence and progressing of vibration disease among the miners in Far North.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Future working conditions of anesthesiologists. Attempt at an analysis].

The present conditions of the anaesthesiologist's workplace are characterized by completely unacceptable circumstances, incompatibilities, inflexibility and unsafeness. Like inadequate cockpit conditions in airplanes, these workplace conditions pose considerable risks to the safety of patients and personnel. Taking into consideration the literature and our own views, we have proposed some changes which are essential for improving the working conditions of anesthesiologists: Ergonomic improvements of the anaesthesiological workplace in order to facilitate the anesthetist's performance, to provide him with adequate space, and to automatize repeated and relatively unimportant activities. Vital information about the patient's condition must be located in a position where they will dominate the anesthetist's attention. Information about medications, infusions, transfusions, etc. can be located on the left-hand side of the anesthetist. All other devices can be located beside the anesthetist or even behind him, as they are of minor importance. The most useful alternative to the present conditions would be to locate the information panels of primary and secondary monitoring devices to the immediate right, or on the right- und left-hand sides of the anesthetist at an angle of 15 degrees-30 degrees each. Furthermore, these information panels should be arranged so that they can be monitored using moving and slightly tilted screens. The most important of the patients, clinical parameters as well as the functions of the equipment should be monitored by alarms, warning devices, or simply indicators, which can easily be separated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1998

Home-care workers: work conditions and occupational exclusion: a comparison between carers on early-retirement and regular pensions.

The aim of the study was to identify conditions associated with occupational exclusion from home-caring. In a group of 346 home-care workers who responded to a questionnaire, there were 18 newly-retired carers on early-retirement/disability pensions, and 28 carers who had just taken regular retirement. A discriminant analysis was conducted to identify work conditions that differentiated the two groups. The results show that a combination of variables--functional impairment (pain when doing physical work), psychosomatic complaints, and nature of relationship with/attitude to clients--significantly differentiated the two groups. When the discriminant coefficients were applied to other groups--older full-time and part-time employees (n = 224), carers who had undergone job transfers, and carers on long-term sick leave--the order of groups by discriminant-point score was largely as expected. The results are discussed in relation to dilemmas, psychological demands and organizational circumstances prevailing in home-care work.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1990

Insight of first-year medical students into their future working conditions.

In the light of recent publicity in the media, and a Private Members Bill in the Houses of Parliament, a multiple choice questionnaire was designed to ascertain the insight of first-year medical students at Leicester Medical School into their career structure and future working conditions. The results obtained were surprising in that they indicated an almost total lack of knowledge among the medical students about the profession into which they had just entered, and to which they had made a lifelong commitment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Wet working conditions increase brittleness of nails, but do not cause it.

The incidence of brittle nails is higher in women than in men. Repeatedly a suspected cause for the higher incidence of brittle nails in women is the frequent exposure to water. This study was aimed at clarifying whether wet working conditions increase the incidence of brittle nails in women and men in a similar degree. We determined the incidence of brittle nails in 511 persons in professions that involve frequent hand contact with water. The data were compared to those of a large, non-selected control group. 50% of the female probands showed the sign of brittle nails (control group: 30.4%, p less than 0.05). Only 13.5% of the male test persons of this study had brittle nails; the difference to the control group (13.2%) was not significant. It is discussed that in women the bridges between nail corneocytes are possibly weaker than in males as a constitutional characteristic. Accordingly, frequent alternating periods of hydration and drying increase the incidence of brittle nails particularly in women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Does high income buffer the association between adverse working conditions and ill health?

AIM: A study was undertaken to analyse the possible interaction between work environment and income for the probability of self-rated health being less than good. METHODS: Data from the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions for the years 1998 and 1999 were analysed. Employed 20- to 64-year-olds with a registered wage were included (n=5982). The synergy index (SI) was applied, using odds ratios from logistic regressions for men, women, and all. Low and high levels of physical demands, decision authority, skill discretion and psychological demands were separately combined with low- and high-wage income (median split). Full-time work and four sociodemographic factors were controlled for. RESULTS: Significant synergy was found for women when they were exposed to low income and a low level of skill discretion (SI=1.46 [1.01-2.13]), although this was attenuated by education level (SI=1.47 [0.96-2.25]). In general (both sexes), poor health caused by low income and unfavourable work is additive rather than multiplicatively exaggerating the risk among the jointly exposed. CONCLUSION: Work exposures in the form of high physical load, low levels of decision authority and skill discretion, or a high level of psychological demands were significantly related to poor health also when income was high, suggesting that high income does not seem to buffer the detrimental effects of adverse working conditions. As nearly half of employed women were found to be in circumstances marked by synergy, it seems a relevant public health issue to improve these women's conditions at work, by simultaneously increasing, for example, job variety and wages.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Work conditions and automation: the case of glassblower].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how the use of different technologies, organizational structures, and task control determine the health-disease process in workers. METHODS: The study was developed in two glass industries, one automated and the other manual, in the city of S. Paulo, Brazil, between 1996 and 1997. Ergonomics methods were used as main principles underlying the techniques of data collection. The techniques applied were case study and group comparisons, including a direct observation of the work condition, interviews and a questionnaire answered by all 41 workers of the workplaces studied: operators of automated machines (27 workers) and manual glass blow operators (14 workers). The questions were about their jobs and workplace characteristics and health complaints. The data were analyzed using Epi Info 6. RESULTS: The comparison between the two group of workers showed statistically significant differences in relation to workers' perceptions about excessive noise, work tools, posture while performing their work and complaints of pain in the arms. There were also identified differences in risk factors: movement repetition seen in the manual industry and those related to work organization in both industries, such as work rhythm, employees' participation in important decisions and training. CONCLUSIONS: The use an ergonomics methodology was perfectly adequate. Manual industry workers seem to play a role that makes them feel they have an important participation in the work process, as they performed a significant part of the total work, contrasting with automatic industry workers, which task is only of supervising the process, where the machine is the actual producer.

Automation↗